Counselling in BS5

Photo of Dr Melissa Hoban, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Melissa Hoban
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Bristol BS5
There are many experiences that can lead us to start therapy. Perhaps you have been experiencing uncomfortable emotions like anxiety / low mood; difficult or traumatic life events or bereavement; find yourself stuck in relational or behavioural patterns that are no longer serving you; or are struggling with the relationship you have with yourself. These are heavy experiences to carry on our own and in doing so, we may feel stuck in a cycle beyond our control. I am here to help you make sense of what you are experiencing, move towards your valued direction / change and support you to reclaim your life.
There are many experiences that can lead us to start therapy. Perhaps you have been experiencing uncomfortable emotions like anxiety / low mood; difficult or traumatic life events or bereavement; find yourself stuck in relational or behavioural patterns that are no longer serving you; or are struggling with the relationship you have with yourself. These are heavy experiences to carry on our own and in doing so, we may feel stuck in a cycle beyond our control. I am here to help you make sense of what you are experiencing, move towards your valued direction / change and support you to reclaim your life.
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Photo of Donna Taylor - Horus Wellbeing Contemporary Therapy, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Feeling safety in a complex world is no mean feet. Childhood, historic, or current experiences, interacting/reacting with the complexities brought about by the pandemic, can exhaust any capacity for resilience. maybe you're a parent/carer of children transitioning from the intensity of lockdown to the uncertainty of the easing of restrictions? Is this further complicated by returning to education settings for children with Autism, ADHD, FASD, SPD, trauma and attachment? Maybe you are a foster care or adoptive parent wondering how to rebalance the attachment bond after the intensity of lockdown, recalibrating interfamilial dynamics?
Feeling safety in a complex world is no mean feet. Childhood, historic, or current experiences, interacting/reacting with the complexities brought about by the pandemic, can exhaust any capacity for resilience. maybe you're a parent/carer of children transitioning from the intensity of lockdown to the uncertainty of the easing of restrictions? Is this further complicated by returning to education settings for children with Autism, ADHD, FASD, SPD, trauma and attachment? Maybe you are a foster care or adoptive parent wondering how to rebalance the attachment bond after the intensity of lockdown, recalibrating interfamilial dynamics?
01275 402727 View 01275 402727
Photo of Claire Jacob, Counsellor, MBACP
Claire Jacob
Counsellor, MBACP
Bristol BS5
Hello, I’m Claire (she/her), a qualified counsellor based in Bristol offering counselling for adults. Counselling with me is about slowing down with what’s most alive right now, gently making sense of who you are, your experiences, and how you move through the world. My approach is integrative, meaning I draw on a range of therapeutic methods depending on what feels most helpful for you.
Hello, I’m Claire (she/her), a qualified counsellor based in Bristol offering counselling for adults. Counselling with me is about slowing down with what’s most alive right now, gently making sense of who you are, your experiences, and how you move through the world. My approach is integrative, meaning I draw on a range of therapeutic methods depending on what feels most helpful for you.
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Photo of Jess Murray, Counsellor, MBACP
Jess Murray
Counsellor, MBACP
Bristol BS5
If you’re feeling stuck in anxiety, self-criticism, emotional overwhelm or repeating patterns, I offer a warm, trauma-informed therapy to help you understand what’s happening beneath the surface and create lasting change. Some people know exactly what they want help with; others need support to understand their difficulty. Either way, we work together at your pace to explore how past experiences shape present responses.
If you’re feeling stuck in anxiety, self-criticism, emotional overwhelm or repeating patterns, I offer a warm, trauma-informed therapy to help you understand what’s happening beneath the surface and create lasting change. Some people know exactly what they want help with; others need support to understand their difficulty. Either way, we work together at your pace to explore how past experiences shape present responses.
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Photo of Dr Gabriella Snook, Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Dr Gabriella Snook
Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Bristol BS5
Welcome, and well done for taking the first step towards finding the right therapist for you. My therapy room is a safe space for you to be yourself, explore what it means to be you, and understand your needs and how to meet them. Whether you are wanting to know yourself better, work through difficult thoughts and emotions, understand your relationships or change unhelpful patterns, I am here to value and support you. I am passionate about inclusivity, open communication and taking a joint responsibility with clients to make a positive difference in their lives.
Welcome, and well done for taking the first step towards finding the right therapist for you. My therapy room is a safe space for you to be yourself, explore what it means to be you, and understand your needs and how to meet them. Whether you are wanting to know yourself better, work through difficult thoughts and emotions, understand your relationships or change unhelpful patterns, I am here to value and support you. I am passionate about inclusivity, open communication and taking a joint responsibility with clients to make a positive difference in their lives.
0117 463 1449 View 0117 463 1449
Photo of Ceinwen Birrell, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Ceinwen Birrell
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Bristol BS5
I facilitate space that allows co-created sessions, that suit the individual needs of those that I work with. There is no pressure to make art within the sessions but there is always a selection of art materials, alongside other creative tools to aid exploration of your inner world. Through the therapy, my clients are able to build a stronger sense of who they are and of the patterns that have formed in their lives and to consequently, begin to make the changes in their life and in their relationships that they desire. My work is also informed by Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS).
I facilitate space that allows co-created sessions, that suit the individual needs of those that I work with. There is no pressure to make art within the sessions but there is always a selection of art materials, alongside other creative tools to aid exploration of your inner world. Through the therapy, my clients are able to build a stronger sense of who they are and of the patterns that have formed in their lives and to consequently, begin to make the changes in their life and in their relationships that they desire. My work is also informed by Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS).
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Photo of Matt Nicholas Mysko - Matt Nicholas, Counsellor, MBACP
Matt Nicholas
Counsellor, MBACP
Bristol BS5
Hi, I’m Matt, a qualified Integrative Counsellor who came to the world of talking therapy following a background in music. I myself have experienced significant mental health struggles in the past and, believe me, I know what it’s like to feel incredibly alone in psychological pain and weighed down by deep feelings of shame. It has been a privilege to integrate these personal experiences with my formal counselling training and theoretical understanding, allowing me to accompany others as they navigate some of the darkest, most vulnerable, and transformative moments of their lives.
Hi, I’m Matt, a qualified Integrative Counsellor who came to the world of talking therapy following a background in music. I myself have experienced significant mental health struggles in the past and, believe me, I know what it’s like to feel incredibly alone in psychological pain and weighed down by deep feelings of shame. It has been a privilege to integrate these personal experiences with my formal counselling training and theoretical understanding, allowing me to accompany others as they navigate some of the darkest, most vulnerable, and transformative moments of their lives.
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Photo of Winnie Hughes, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Winnie Hughes
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Bristol BS5
I offer a warm, relaxed, and non-judgemental space where you can talk openly about intimacy, relationships, identity, and the difficulties that can come with them. I understand that these conversations can feel vulnerable or difficult to begin, particularly when people are carrying shame, anxiety, or pressure around what they think they 'should' feel or experience. It is important to me to meet you where you are, working at a pace that feels right for you while helping to normalise your experiences.
I offer a warm, relaxed, and non-judgemental space where you can talk openly about intimacy, relationships, identity, and the difficulties that can come with them. I understand that these conversations can feel vulnerable or difficult to begin, particularly when people are carrying shame, anxiety, or pressure around what they think they 'should' feel or experience. It is important to me to meet you where you are, working at a pace that feels right for you while helping to normalise your experiences.
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Photo of Sarah Curtis, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Sarah Curtis
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Bristol BS5
Hi, I'm Sarah, a counsellor and psychotherapist based in in Bristol. I hope to help you find a better, happier, more peaceful path through life. Whether you are considering therapy at a time of crisis, or as a way to address an ongoing issue, I hope to provide you with a warm, safe and non-judgemental space to work things through. My goal is for you leave your time in therapy with self-compassion, knowledge, understanding, and the tools you need to continue benefiting from our sessions for the rest of your life.
Hi, I'm Sarah, a counsellor and psychotherapist based in in Bristol. I hope to help you find a better, happier, more peaceful path through life. Whether you are considering therapy at a time of crisis, or as a way to address an ongoing issue, I hope to provide you with a warm, safe and non-judgemental space to work things through. My goal is for you leave your time in therapy with self-compassion, knowledge, understanding, and the tools you need to continue benefiting from our sessions for the rest of your life.
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Photo of Jay Byrd - Blue Byrd Counselling, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Blue Byrd Counselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS5
Choosing the right counsellor is essential. That’s why I offer a free “meet me”chat so you can do that all important vibe check. But before you book in, you may need to know that I am... A creative, collaborative counsellor who blends approaches to suit you. I am also an LGBTQIA+ ally, wheelchair accessible (yes - my toilet too!), neuroaffirming and anti-ableism. I might be the right counsellor for you if: You are craving change, you want to work with someone who is creative & collaborative as well as caring & compassionate & you are ready to take an active role in your healing with support & space as needed
Choosing the right counsellor is essential. That’s why I offer a free “meet me”chat so you can do that all important vibe check. But before you book in, you may need to know that I am... A creative, collaborative counsellor who blends approaches to suit you. I am also an LGBTQIA+ ally, wheelchair accessible (yes - my toilet too!), neuroaffirming and anti-ableism. I might be the right counsellor for you if: You are craving change, you want to work with someone who is creative & collaborative as well as caring & compassionate & you are ready to take an active role in your healing with support & space as needed
0117 463 3804 View 0117 463 3804
Photo of Jenna Anderson-Frost - OT Intuition, Occupational Therapist
OT Intuition
Occupational Therapist
Bristol BS5
My clients are often navigating big life changes, emotional overwhelm, identity shifts, or the challenges of caring for themselves while caring for others. Many are parents, intended parents, surrogates and other caregivers who are struggling with anxiety, OCD, burnout, sensory overwhelm, trauma, low mood, or feeling disconnected from themselves. I have a particular interest in supporting perinatal and infant mental health, OCD, attachment and bonding, birth trauma, and the impact that our own childhood experiences can have on how we show up in relationships and caregiving roles.
My clients are often navigating big life changes, emotional overwhelm, identity shifts, or the challenges of caring for themselves while caring for others. Many are parents, intended parents, surrogates and other caregivers who are struggling with anxiety, OCD, burnout, sensory overwhelm, trauma, low mood, or feeling disconnected from themselves. I have a particular interest in supporting perinatal and infant mental health, OCD, attachment and bonding, birth trauma, and the impact that our own childhood experiences can have on how we show up in relationships and caregiving roles.
0117 463 8503 View 0117 463 8503
Photo of Joanna Solazzo - Joanna Solazzo Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Joanna Solazzo Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Bristol BS5
Psychotherapy can meet our innate need to be heard and deeply understood. Together we can explore your sense of being in the world and process difficult emotions, recurring difficulties or questions. Working with safety and sensitivity we can also process early life experience, past trauma and complex relational dynamics. My holistic approach aims to work with the whole of a person - I work relationally and openly with you to build awareness of psyche, body, memory, energy. As you deepen your understanding of self, you may start to let go of old patterns, restore a sense of balance and begin to build foundations for growth.
Psychotherapy can meet our innate need to be heard and deeply understood. Together we can explore your sense of being in the world and process difficult emotions, recurring difficulties or questions. Working with safety and sensitivity we can also process early life experience, past trauma and complex relational dynamics. My holistic approach aims to work with the whole of a person - I work relationally and openly with you to build awareness of psyche, body, memory, energy. As you deepen your understanding of self, you may start to let go of old patterns, restore a sense of balance and begin to build foundations for growth.
01454 801459 View 01454 801459
Photo of Oliver Biggs, Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
Oliver Biggs
Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS5
I love working with a diverse range of clients and enjoy discovering how to best support every person, irrespective of their background, life experiences or presenting issue(s). I am committed to empowering my clients to live their lives in ways which feel authentic, purposeful and true to who they really area. Particular areas of interest/experience include living with chronic ill-health and supporting those who are living with ill health, the challenges face by neurodivergent people, LGBTQ+ life and non-traditional models of relationship.
I love working with a diverse range of clients and enjoy discovering how to best support every person, irrespective of their background, life experiences or presenting issue(s). I am committed to empowering my clients to live their lives in ways which feel authentic, purposeful and true to who they really area. Particular areas of interest/experience include living with chronic ill-health and supporting those who are living with ill health, the challenges face by neurodivergent people, LGBTQ+ life and non-traditional models of relationship.
0117 463 0504 View 0117 463 0504
Photo of Dr Ashley Watson, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Ashley Watson
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Bristol BS5
Hi, I’m Ash, a Clinical Psychologist and trainee EMDR therapist with experience supporting people through trauma, anxiety, shame, psychosis, addiction, and relationship difficulties. I’ve worked across NHS, community, and inpatient settings with individuals, couples, and families. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in evidence-based therapies. I value working with people from diverse identities, cultures, and backgrounds, and offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your experiences at a pace that feels right for you, online or in person.
Hi, I’m Ash, a Clinical Psychologist and trainee EMDR therapist with experience supporting people through trauma, anxiety, shame, psychosis, addiction, and relationship difficulties. I’ve worked across NHS, community, and inpatient settings with individuals, couples, and families. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in evidence-based therapies. I value working with people from diverse identities, cultures, and backgrounds, and offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your experiences at a pace that feels right for you, online or in person.
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Photo of Yasmin Ali, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Yasmin Ali
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Bristol BS5
I offer flexible, holistic therapy for people who want to move beyond familiar but limiting habits and live with more intention and confidence. My holistic approach blends different therapeutic styles to support emotional balance, ease stress and anxiety, and gently process trauma. Together, we’ll explore what helps you truly understand yourself so you can build stronger, more meaningful relationships and navigate life with greater clarity and ease. Some of the things I have experience working with: Anxiety, Stress, Depression, Trauma, Abandonment, Relationships, Generational Trauma, Family dynamics, Loss, Sexuality, Identity.
I offer flexible, holistic therapy for people who want to move beyond familiar but limiting habits and live with more intention and confidence. My holistic approach blends different therapeutic styles to support emotional balance, ease stress and anxiety, and gently process trauma. Together, we’ll explore what helps you truly understand yourself so you can build stronger, more meaningful relationships and navigate life with greater clarity and ease. Some of the things I have experience working with: Anxiety, Stress, Depression, Trauma, Abandonment, Relationships, Generational Trauma, Family dynamics, Loss, Sexuality, Identity.
01454 802719 View 01454 802719
Photo of Phil Melaney, Counsellor, MBACP
Phil Melaney
Counsellor, MBACP
Bristol BS5
I am a qualified pyschotherapeutic counsellor which means I combine the supportive and pragmatic approach of counselling with the deeper and explorative methods of psychotherapy. My approach is integrative which means I work using different 'styles' of therapy to explore the reasons which bring you to therapy; such as through the lens of developmental and environmental influences (relational and circumstantial) and neurobiological development and attunement. In other words how our ideas of self respond to adverse experience while we are growing and how our bodies and minds create memories and influence our lives.
I am a qualified pyschotherapeutic counsellor which means I combine the supportive and pragmatic approach of counselling with the deeper and explorative methods of psychotherapy. My approach is integrative which means I work using different 'styles' of therapy to explore the reasons which bring you to therapy; such as through the lens of developmental and environmental influences (relational and circumstantial) and neurobiological development and attunement. In other words how our ideas of self respond to adverse experience while we are growing and how our bodies and minds create memories and influence our lives.
01275 403027 View 01275 403027
Photo of Belén Plaza Higueras - Psychotherapist, Homeopathy, Bach R, PSYCH-K®️ , Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
Psychotherapist, Homeopathy, Bach R, PSYCH-K®️
Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS5
I believe that we all have the potential to heal ourselves. Are you aware that you have a negative mental state at work or in relationships. Is it persistent, or do you feel stressed, anxious, depressed, worried, have a low level of liveliness? I can support you to find pathways to overcome these limitations. I am an integrative psychotherapist and holistic therapist. I use trauma informed methods, Psychological techniques, CBT informed tecniques, Psych-K, EFT, Mindfulness. Homeopathy, Bach flowers. I can help you to transform your life’s limitations arising from anxiety/ trauma, personal, sleeping, relationships, work difficulties
I believe that we all have the potential to heal ourselves. Are you aware that you have a negative mental state at work or in relationships. Is it persistent, or do you feel stressed, anxious, depressed, worried, have a low level of liveliness? I can support you to find pathways to overcome these limitations. I am an integrative psychotherapist and holistic therapist. I use trauma informed methods, Psychological techniques, CBT informed tecniques, Psych-K, EFT, Mindfulness. Homeopathy, Bach flowers. I can help you to transform your life’s limitations arising from anxiety/ trauma, personal, sleeping, relationships, work difficulties
0117 374 7699 View 0117 374 7699
Photo of Lee Watkins, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Lee Watkins
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Bristol BS5
With nine years' experience as an integrative psychotherapist, I offer a creative, collaborative space that welcomes difference and evolves naturally. Drawing on psychodynamic, relational, and humanistic approaches, I balance insight with the immediate, felt experience of being heard and cared for.
With nine years' experience as an integrative psychotherapist, I offer a creative, collaborative space that welcomes difference and evolves naturally. Drawing on psychodynamic, relational, and humanistic approaches, I balance insight with the immediate, felt experience of being heard and cared for.
01454 801884 View 01454 801884
Photo of Sarah Louise Davies - The Rose May Practice - Sarah Davies , Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
The Rose May Practice - Sarah Davies
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Bristol BS5
I am a Trauma Psychotherapist specialising in EMDR and IFS therapy. I am an accredited member of the NCPS, NCYPT & EMDRIA register. I currently work internationally online operating from a range of modalities including EMDR and IFS in an integrative approach.
I am a Trauma Psychotherapist specialising in EMDR and IFS therapy. I am an accredited member of the NCPS, NCYPT & EMDRIA register. I currently work internationally online operating from a range of modalities including EMDR and IFS in an integrative approach.
0117 463 3666 View 0117 463 3666
Photo of Jane Lomax, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Jane Lomax
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Bristol BS5
Many of us feel stuck, low, anxious, or overwhelmed at times. Whatever you are struggling with, I will help you to make sense of things and support you to develop insight, skills and strategies to make changes that will make a difference in your life. I am experienced in working with adults and young people with a range of difficulties such as stress, low mood, anxiety, panic, PTSD, low self-esteem, identity or relationship difficulties, difficult life experiences, and addiction. I also offer psychological support to people facing health challenges or living with long-term health conditions (e.g., pain, fatigue, COPD, cancer).
Many of us feel stuck, low, anxious, or overwhelmed at times. Whatever you are struggling with, I will help you to make sense of things and support you to develop insight, skills and strategies to make changes that will make a difference in your life. I am experienced in working with adults and young people with a range of difficulties such as stress, low mood, anxiety, panic, PTSD, low self-esteem, identity or relationship difficulties, difficult life experiences, and addiction. I also offer psychological support to people facing health challenges or living with long-term health conditions (e.g., pain, fatigue, COPD, cancer).
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See more therapy options for BS5

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in BS5

100+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in BS5 who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
88% Depression
85% Self Esteem
79% Relationship Issues
74% Stress
71% Trauma and PTSD
62% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aviva
70% AXA PPP
57% Vitality

How Counsellors in BS5 see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

70% Female
27% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in BS5?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.