Photo of Coco Vivienne Ann, Counsellor, MBACP
Coco Vivienne Ann
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brighton BN41
I am a trauma-informed Humanistic Counsellor specialising in LGBTQ+, bereavement/loss, neurodiversity and I am Sex Worker friendly. My wish is to provide a private, confidential space with enough trust and security to help you navigate life, have a deeper understanding of yourself or others and help process your thoughts and feelings. A Humanistic approach views each person as a unique individual and allows you the choice to decide who you want to be and how you want to live. I often work both creatively and somatically as our embodied and non verbal experiences are just as important to express.
I am a trauma-informed Humanistic Counsellor specialising in LGBTQ+, bereavement/loss, neurodiversity and I am Sex Worker friendly. My wish is to provide a private, confidential space with enough trust and security to help you navigate life, have a deeper understanding of yourself or others and help process your thoughts and feelings. A Humanistic approach views each person as a unique individual and allows you the choice to decide who you want to be and how you want to live. I often work both creatively and somatically as our embodied and non verbal experiences are just as important to express.
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Photo of Becky Watmough, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Becky Watmough
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Brighton BN41
Within the safety of an empathic, non judgemental relationship, I aim to help people develop a greater understanding of themselves and the difficulties they are experiencing. I work in a flexible way that draws on a variety of theoretical models, and adapt my approach to the individual’s needs and particular goals. This often involves looking at both the current context and past influences, and working with the body to process past trauma, as well as learning strategies that enable people to live more fully in the present. I can offer long term, explorative work or a more focused time limited approach.
Within the safety of an empathic, non judgemental relationship, I aim to help people develop a greater understanding of themselves and the difficulties they are experiencing. I work in a flexible way that draws on a variety of theoretical models, and adapt my approach to the individual’s needs and particular goals. This often involves looking at both the current context and past influences, and working with the body to process past trauma, as well as learning strategies that enable people to live more fully in the present. I can offer long term, explorative work or a more focused time limited approach.
01273 110035 View 01273 110035
Photo of Hannah Ryan, Counsellor, MBACP
Hannah Ryan
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Brighton BN41
Hi, I'm Hannah, a qualified person-centred counsellor, offering a warm, non-judgemental space for individuals to explore their emotions, thoughts, and experiences at their own pace. I hold a Level 4 qualification in person-centred therapy and I am a registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). As a person-centred counsellor, I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship. I provide a safe, empathetic, and accepting environment where you are encouraged to explore your feelings, thoughts, and challenges. This approach helps you understand yourself better and empowers you to make pos
Hi, I'm Hannah, a qualified person-centred counsellor, offering a warm, non-judgemental space for individuals to explore their emotions, thoughts, and experiences at their own pace. I hold a Level 4 qualification in person-centred therapy and I am a registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). As a person-centred counsellor, I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship. I provide a safe, empathetic, and accepting environment where you are encouraged to explore your feelings, thoughts, and challenges. This approach helps you understand yourself better and empowers you to make pos
020 4572 5690 View 020 4572 5690
Photo of Helena Cole, Counsellor, MBACP
Helena Cole
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portslade BN41
Hi, I am Helena, I am an integrative counsellor specialising in women's mental well-being. I offer tailored therapeutic support for a wide range of concerns, including infertility, menopause, trauma, anxiety, maternal mental health and other life challenges.
Hi, I am Helena, I am an integrative counsellor specialising in women's mental well-being. I offer tailored therapeutic support for a wide range of concerns, including infertility, menopause, trauma, anxiety, maternal mental health and other life challenges.
01273 110341 View 01273 110341
Photo of Sarah Barfoot, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Sarah Barfoot
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Brighton BN41
Hello, I’m Sarah, a BACP registered counsellor, STAT-certified Alexander Technique teacher, and a first-year practitioner of Somatic Experiencing (SEP). I am interested in helping people live their lives fully and awaken all parts of themselves. I offer one-to-one face-to-face and online counselling and will create a bespoke programme for you based on your individual needs and desired outcomes. I am a compassionate and experienced therapist who works with you relationally.
Hello, I’m Sarah, a BACP registered counsellor, STAT-certified Alexander Technique teacher, and a first-year practitioner of Somatic Experiencing (SEP). I am interested in helping people live their lives fully and awaken all parts of themselves. I offer one-to-one face-to-face and online counselling and will create a bespoke programme for you based on your individual needs and desired outcomes. I am a compassionate and experienced therapist who works with you relationally.
01273 110453 View 01273 110453
Photo of Fiona May, Counsellor, MBACP
Fiona May
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life can present us with many challenges. The build-up of everyday stresses and disappointments, or the ability to cope with sadness and pain may at times affect your self-esteem and confidence levels. You may feel the need for support in addition to what you already have in place, which is when you may decide to seek the help of a counsellor. I run my private practice on Tuesdays between 10am-7pm offering remote sessions either by Zoom or telephone - please visit my website for more info. Contact me to arrange a free 30 minute introductory session to help you decide whether I am the right person to work with you.
Life can present us with many challenges. The build-up of everyday stresses and disappointments, or the ability to cope with sadness and pain may at times affect your self-esteem and confidence levels. You may feel the need for support in addition to what you already have in place, which is when you may decide to seek the help of a counsellor. I run my private practice on Tuesdays between 10am-7pm offering remote sessions either by Zoom or telephone - please visit my website for more info. Contact me to arrange a free 30 minute introductory session to help you decide whether I am the right person to work with you.
01273 121183 View 01273 121183
Photo of Sally Hill, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Sally Hill
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
My main focus is always on creating a safe therapeutic relationship where we can think creatively together about the difficulties you might be facing. I particularly enjoy working with neurodivergent young people and adults, exploring together how they experience the world. I work predominantly from a trauma-informed perspective and a lot of my work with neurodivergent families focusses on the parent-child relationship.
My main focus is always on creating a safe therapeutic relationship where we can think creatively together about the difficulties you might be facing. I particularly enjoy working with neurodivergent young people and adults, exploring together how they experience the world. I work predominantly from a trauma-informed perspective and a lot of my work with neurodivergent families focusses on the parent-child relationship.
01273 092392 View 01273 092392
Photo of Rachel Elizabeth Waller, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Rachel Elizabeth Waller
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I imagine that you are here because life seems particularly tough at the moment. Perhaps you are anxious about the future, or suffering with difficult memories from the past. Perhaps you have realised that the relationship patterns you have developed are no longer working for you and you would like to find a new way of connecting to your partner or others. Perhaps you need some practical guidance with a sex related problem. Wouldn't it be good if a trusted professional, who is also warm and 'real' could help you find a positive way forward?
I imagine that you are here because life seems particularly tough at the moment. Perhaps you are anxious about the future, or suffering with difficult memories from the past. Perhaps you have realised that the relationship patterns you have developed are no longer working for you and you would like to find a new way of connecting to your partner or others. Perhaps you need some practical guidance with a sex related problem. Wouldn't it be good if a trusted professional, who is also warm and 'real' could help you find a positive way forward?
01273 034707 View 01273 034707
Photo of Katherine Hegarty - Kath Hegarty, Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Kath Hegarty
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
There are different times in our lives when we may encounter challenges in our emotional world. Transition and change can sometimes trigger these challenging feelings. For example, moving home or employment, changing relationships or friendships; life changes such as going to university or reaching age milestones. Any of these can significantly affect the way we feel about ourselves. We react in different ways to what we encounter in our environment. We might become depressed or overwhelmed by intense emotions or we might feel anxious and unable to engage in social activities. It can all become too much to manage alone.
There are different times in our lives when we may encounter challenges in our emotional world. Transition and change can sometimes trigger these challenging feelings. For example, moving home or employment, changing relationships or friendships; life changes such as going to university or reaching age milestones. Any of these can significantly affect the way we feel about ourselves. We react in different ways to what we encounter in our environment. We might become depressed or overwhelmed by intense emotions or we might feel anxious and unable to engage in social activities. It can all become too much to manage alone.
07714 275159 View 07714 275159
Photo of Caroline Berryman, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Caroline Berryman
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Does something need to change for you? Are you struggling in your relationships, career, feeling anxious, depressed, traumatised, grieving a loved one, overwhelmed, confused, sad or mis-understood? Sometimes something just isn't right. I am here to heIp. I offer psychotherapeutic counselling to adults and young people 18+ years with a wide range of issues. My core training is in Transactional Analysis, but I integrate other modalities into my work, offering a flexible, personalised approach. I have additional training in working with traumatised and bereaved clients. I offer short, medium or long term therapy tailored to your needs.
Does something need to change for you? Are you struggling in your relationships, career, feeling anxious, depressed, traumatised, grieving a loved one, overwhelmed, confused, sad or mis-understood? Sometimes something just isn't right. I am here to heIp. I offer psychotherapeutic counselling to adults and young people 18+ years with a wide range of issues. My core training is in Transactional Analysis, but I integrate other modalities into my work, offering a flexible, personalised approach. I have additional training in working with traumatised and bereaved clients. I offer short, medium or long term therapy tailored to your needs.
01273 110150 View 01273 110150
Photo of John Creigan, Counsellor, BACP
John Creigan
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I’m a humanistic counsellor based in Brighton, offering both in-person and online counselling for those looking for support that feels real, grounded, and without judgment. Sometimes life just doesn’t make sense. You might feel stuck in the same patterns, lost in uncertainty, or weighed down by emotions that are hard to untangle. Maybe you’re struggling with anxiety, depression, bereavement, relationship difficulties, or a general sense that something isn’t quite right. Whatever’s brought you here, counselling can offer the space to slow down, reflect, and find a way forward.
I’m a humanistic counsellor based in Brighton, offering both in-person and online counselling for those looking for support that feels real, grounded, and without judgment. Sometimes life just doesn’t make sense. You might feel stuck in the same patterns, lost in uncertainty, or weighed down by emotions that are hard to untangle. Maybe you’re struggling with anxiety, depression, bereavement, relationship difficulties, or a general sense that something isn’t quite right. Whatever’s brought you here, counselling can offer the space to slow down, reflect, and find a way forward.
01903 964877 View 01903 964877
Photo of Mark Lewenstein, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Mark Lewenstein
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
You may want to talk about anxiety, addiction or depression; you may be looking to cope with some life event such as a bereavement, divorce, redundancy or a relationship problem; or you might be feeling stuck in a rut and that you want more out of life. You will be able to explore what might lie behind the feelings you're experiencing, or what might lie behind certain thoughts or behaviours that you're not finding helpful. All these things can be helped and supported by talking confidentially.
You may want to talk about anxiety, addiction or depression; you may be looking to cope with some life event such as a bereavement, divorce, redundancy or a relationship problem; or you might be feeling stuck in a rut and that you want more out of life. You will be able to explore what might lie behind the feelings you're experiencing, or what might lie behind certain thoughts or behaviours that you're not finding helpful. All these things can be helped and supported by talking confidentially.
01273 037768 View 01273 037768
Photo of Louise Styles, Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Louise Styles
Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Clients come to me when they are experiencing distress in their relationships, with their sex lives or within themselves. Whether they are seeking help in processing a string of messy break-ups, exploring alternative relationship such as polyamory or intimacy styles such as kink and BDSM, dealing with cheating, shame, guilt or regret, or suffering from low self-esteem and feeling stuck. I listen, reflect, and support my clients with identifying unhelpful thoughts and behaviour patterns. Nothing is taboo or too shocking to bring to me. Also experienced in delivering workshops and seminars to groups, media and educational settings.
Clients come to me when they are experiencing distress in their relationships, with their sex lives or within themselves. Whether they are seeking help in processing a string of messy break-ups, exploring alternative relationship such as polyamory or intimacy styles such as kink and BDSM, dealing with cheating, shame, guilt or regret, or suffering from low self-esteem and feeling stuck. I listen, reflect, and support my clients with identifying unhelpful thoughts and behaviour patterns. Nothing is taboo or too shocking to bring to me. Also experienced in delivering workshops and seminars to groups, media and educational settings.
01489 357115 View 01489 357115
Photo of Timothy Park, Counsellor, MBACP
Timothy Park
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I’m Tim and I can help if you struggle with addictions or if you are finding life too much of a challenge. My approach is rooted in the understanding that you have the capacity to change and that therapy is an important part of this process. I offer you an empathic, authentic and non-judgemental space that is focuses on you achieving your therapy goals.
Hi, I’m Tim and I can help if you struggle with addictions or if you are finding life too much of a challenge. My approach is rooted in the understanding that you have the capacity to change and that therapy is an important part of this process. I offer you an empathic, authentic and non-judgemental space that is focuses on you achieving your therapy goals.
01273 121315 View 01273 121315
Photo of Sarah Pratap, Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Sarah Pratap
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am a qualified clinical psychologist with over 20 years experience working with adults with a range of difficulties including trauma, abuse, difficulties in relationships, self-harm, depression and anxiety. You may be quite clear about what your difficulties are and what help you would like or just feel unhappy and have a sense that your life is not going quite as you had hoped. I can work with you to think about why difficulties have arisen and how you can make changes in the here and now to help your life move forward.
I am a qualified clinical psychologist with over 20 years experience working with adults with a range of difficulties including trauma, abuse, difficulties in relationships, self-harm, depression and anxiety. You may be quite clear about what your difficulties are and what help you would like or just feel unhappy and have a sense that your life is not going quite as you had hoped. I can work with you to think about why difficulties have arisen and how you can make changes in the here and now to help your life move forward.
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Photo of Mary Gordon, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Mary Gordon
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Fed up of feeling low, overwhelmed or disconnected? Want to explore what's weighing you down in a down to earth and supportive space where all your feelings are welcome? By allowing you to feel truly seen and heard I can help you find new perspectives and move on from whatever it is that’s been holding you back. Whatever it is you don’t have to figure everything out on your own.
Fed up of feeling low, overwhelmed or disconnected? Want to explore what's weighing you down in a down to earth and supportive space where all your feelings are welcome? By allowing you to feel truly seen and heard I can help you find new perspectives and move on from whatever it is that’s been holding you back. Whatever it is you don’t have to figure everything out on your own.
01273 934720 View 01273 934720
Photo of Daniela Gallini - Daniela Gallini individual & Couples Therapist , MA
Daniela Gallini individual & Couples Therapist
MA
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Hi, I’m Daniela, a therapist with 7 years of experience helping individuals and couples build more fulfilling and joyful lives together. Having grown up in a high-conflict environment, I understand firsthand the desire for better communication and connection without constant arguments. My journey led me to train at Tavistock as a systemic practitioner, where I learned that true change happens when we look at relationships holistically—acknowledging the patterns that keep us stuck and the dynamics that shape our lives. Let’s work together to strengthen your relationship, improve communication, and create lasting, positive change.
Hi, I’m Daniela, a therapist with 7 years of experience helping individuals and couples build more fulfilling and joyful lives together. Having grown up in a high-conflict environment, I understand firsthand the desire for better communication and connection without constant arguments. My journey led me to train at Tavistock as a systemic practitioner, where I learned that true change happens when we look at relationships holistically—acknowledging the patterns that keep us stuck and the dynamics that shape our lives. Let’s work together to strengthen your relationship, improve communication, and create lasting, positive change.
01273 092872 View 01273 092872
Photo of Malcolm David Bateup - MB Counselling, Psychotherapist, PsychD, MNCPS Acc.
MB Counselling
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Hello I am Malcolm Bateup from MB Counselling Services. I provide both 1.1 and couples counselling using an integrative approach that enables individuals and couples to move forward from being stuck by difficult and complex experiences that have happened out of their control in their lives. Due to the pandemic after carrying out a covid risk assessment I have made an ethical decision to provide specialist video link to enable everyone to feel safe rather than my treatment room. If you would like to find out more I can be contacted through Www.mbc-relationships.co.uk &www.mbcounselling-sussex.com and 07443507711 Take care Malcolm
Hello I am Malcolm Bateup from MB Counselling Services. I provide both 1.1 and couples counselling using an integrative approach that enables individuals and couples to move forward from being stuck by difficult and complex experiences that have happened out of their control in their lives. Due to the pandemic after carrying out a covid risk assessment I have made an ethical decision to provide specialist video link to enable everyone to feel safe rather than my treatment room. If you would like to find out more I can be contacted through Www.mbc-relationships.co.uk &www.mbcounselling-sussex.com and 07443507711 Take care Malcolm
01903 680461 View 01903 680461
Photo of Gosia Vitale, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Gosia Vitale
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
At different stages in our lives, we encounter difficulties that prevent us from fully enjoying life. It can be anything from anxiety and depression, to the loss of a person (through death or relationship breakdown), to deeply rooted emotional issues (such as low self-esteem or inability to form relationships). Other times, we are unable to fully explain what is troubling us - we just know that something is. Asking for help can be difficult - finding the right kind of help and support can be more challenging. With each person and difficulty being unique, I tailor my approach to suit each client's needs and communication style.
At different stages in our lives, we encounter difficulties that prevent us from fully enjoying life. It can be anything from anxiety and depression, to the loss of a person (through death or relationship breakdown), to deeply rooted emotional issues (such as low self-esteem or inability to form relationships). Other times, we are unable to fully explain what is troubling us - we just know that something is. Asking for help can be difficult - finding the right kind of help and support can be more challenging. With each person and difficulty being unique, I tailor my approach to suit each client's needs and communication style.
01273 032461 View 01273 032461
Photo of Anna Pitsillides, Counsellor, BACP
Anna Pitsillides
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Do you find yourself at a time in your life where everything feels overwhelming and it’s hard to know which path to take? Whatever your reason for seeking counselling, my aim is to walk alongside you on your journey. My name is Anna and I am a qualified, Humanistic counsellor. This means I work in a way that aims to see your world through your eyes and create a safe, non-judgemental space in which you can explore your thoughts and feelings at your own pace. This may enable you to understand yourself better by building awareness of the way you relate to yourself and others in the world.
Do you find yourself at a time in your life where everything feels overwhelming and it’s hard to know which path to take? Whatever your reason for seeking counselling, my aim is to walk alongside you on your journey. My name is Anna and I am a qualified, Humanistic counsellor. This means I work in a way that aims to see your world through your eyes and create a safe, non-judgemental space in which you can explore your thoughts and feelings at your own pace. This may enable you to understand yourself better by building awareness of the way you relate to yourself and others in the world.
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See more therapy options for BN41

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in BN41

70+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in BN41 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
92% Self Esteem
89% Relationship Issues
89% Depression
77% Stress
69% Bereavement
63% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

53% Aviva
47% AXA PPP
42% Bupa

How Counsellors in BN41 see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

72% Female
26% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in BN41?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.