Counselling in BH6

Photo of Jo Sharkey, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Jo Sharkey
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
I am an accredited, integrative therapeutic counsellor, finding that working in this way, gives uniqueness with each client, connecting in a way that is best suited to them as an individual. I have extensive experience, working with a variety of clients, of all ages.
I am an accredited, integrative therapeutic counsellor, finding that working in this way, gives uniqueness with each client, connecting in a way that is best suited to them as an individual. I have extensive experience, working with a variety of clients, of all ages.
01202 013935 View 01202 013935
Photo of Meriel Camara, MA
Meriel Camara
Verified Verified
Have you experienced a toxic relationship with a parent or partner? These relationships can be painful, destructive, abusive or addictive, and they can leave your body and mind feeling wildly out of control. You might: wonder why relationships are so hard. Struggle to leave your partner even though they can’t or won’t love you. Believe that you’re a bad person. Question your own reality and worry that you might be going crazy. Experience rage, anxiety, grief or depression. Have difficulty saying ‘no’ even when you’re exhausted. Or suffer a wide range of inexplicable physical symptoms. If so, you're in the right place.
Have you experienced a toxic relationship with a parent or partner? These relationships can be painful, destructive, abusive or addictive, and they can leave your body and mind feeling wildly out of control. You might: wonder why relationships are so hard. Struggle to leave your partner even though they can’t or won’t love you. Believe that you’re a bad person. Question your own reality and worry that you might be going crazy. Experience rage, anxiety, grief or depression. Have difficulty saying ‘no’ even when you’re exhausted. Or suffer a wide range of inexplicable physical symptoms. If so, you're in the right place.
01425 209350 View 01425 209350
Photo of Dr Ros Vesey, Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Dr Ros Vesey
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Hi, I am an experienced and insightful Counselling Psychologist. I offer you an emphatic space where you are listened to deeply. You will have the opportunity to explore, reflect, express and understand yourself alongside my professional support. I provide you with the compassion, skills and knowledge you may need to relieve uncomfortable feelings and resolve psychological issues and/or traumas. This process allows you to gain insight about yourself, increase self-acceptance, feel more in control of your responses to life, learn new ways of coping and move forward with greater peace.
Hi, I am an experienced and insightful Counselling Psychologist. I offer you an emphatic space where you are listened to deeply. You will have the opportunity to explore, reflect, express and understand yourself alongside my professional support. I provide you with the compassion, skills and knowledge you may need to relieve uncomfortable feelings and resolve psychological issues and/or traumas. This process allows you to gain insight about yourself, increase self-acceptance, feel more in control of your responses to life, learn new ways of coping and move forward with greater peace.
01483 968119 View 01483 968119
Photo of Andrew Christopher Wright, Psychotherapist, MRes, HCPC-Art Therap.
Andrew Christopher Wright
Psychotherapist, MRes, HCPC-Art Therap.
Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or not yourself? You don’t have to navigate it on your own. I help you gain clarity, manage your emotions, and create lasting change. Together, we focus on three key shifts: 1. Understanding what’s really going on We uncover the deeper patterns shaping your thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. 2. Responding differently You’ll gain practical tools to manage 3. Creating lasting change Applying what you learn. I’m an internationally recognised psychotherapist and Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, trained at Goldsmiths, University of London, with 20+ years’ experience across London, Singapore, and Dubai.
Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or not yourself? You don’t have to navigate it on your own. I help you gain clarity, manage your emotions, and create lasting change. Together, we focus on three key shifts: 1. Understanding what’s really going on We uncover the deeper patterns shaping your thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. 2. Responding differently You’ll gain practical tools to manage 3. Creating lasting change Applying what you learn. I’m an internationally recognised psychotherapist and Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, trained at Goldsmiths, University of London, with 20+ years’ experience across London, Singapore, and Dubai.
01425 209940 View 01425 209940
Photo of Nikki Patten, Counsellor, MBACP
Nikki Patten
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Are you someone who feels overwhelmed by past trauma, struggles with ADHD, or is navigating grief, chronic illness, anxiety or identity issues? You may feel lost, stuck, or exhausted — unsure where to begin but yearning for peace, understanding, and relief. Do you want to feel in control again, to reconnect with yourself, and to move forward without fear or shame. You are ready for change but need someone calm, supportive, and non-judgmental to walk alongside you.
Are you someone who feels overwhelmed by past trauma, struggles with ADHD, or is navigating grief, chronic illness, anxiety or identity issues? You may feel lost, stuck, or exhausted — unsure where to begin but yearning for peace, understanding, and relief. Do you want to feel in control again, to reconnect with yourself, and to move forward without fear or shame. You are ready for change but need someone calm, supportive, and non-judgmental to walk alongside you.
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Photo of Zoe Silk, Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Zoe Silk
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
I am very passionate about my work and what I love most is seeing my clients progress. Observing their changes and seeing how good they feel within themselves is a wonderful journey to share. I offer support with all kinds of issues. You may be suffering with an anxiety disorder, depression perhaps, an issue within a relationship, an addiction or something else. Whatever your issue is, my aim is to spend time getting to know you, finding the root cause to your problem and any other factors that may have to be taken into consideration. Then, together we can work towards a solid plan for you to more you forward as an individual.
I am very passionate about my work and what I love most is seeing my clients progress. Observing their changes and seeing how good they feel within themselves is a wonderful journey to share. I offer support with all kinds of issues. You may be suffering with an anxiety disorder, depression perhaps, an issue within a relationship, an addiction or something else. Whatever your issue is, my aim is to spend time getting to know you, finding the root cause to your problem and any other factors that may have to be taken into consideration. Then, together we can work towards a solid plan for you to more you forward as an individual.
01202 117054 View 01202 117054
Photo of Genevieve Smith - Gsscounselling, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Gsscounselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Hi my names Gen, I’m an integrated therapist/ Supervisor who specialises in anxiety, relationships and low self esteem counselling. If you feel that you are struggling with any of theses issues or just need someone to talk to, I can help you to explore these things and look at how we can move forward and work through them. We will take the time to explore what you have been dealing with and look at different ways of how therapy can help you. I will listen to your needs and adapt our sessions so that you feel comfortable enough to discuss anything you’d like too.
Hi my names Gen, I’m an integrated therapist/ Supervisor who specialises in anxiety, relationships and low self esteem counselling. If you feel that you are struggling with any of theses issues or just need someone to talk to, I can help you to explore these things and look at how we can move forward and work through them. We will take the time to explore what you have been dealing with and look at different ways of how therapy can help you. I will listen to your needs and adapt our sessions so that you feel comfortable enough to discuss anything you’d like too.
01425 209305 View 01425 209305
Photo of Nikki Clarridge, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Nikki Clarridge
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
I am a Person-Centred Counsellor who is available to work with clients offering face-to-face counselling in Bournemouth, Dorset, as well as online and telephone counselling. People come into counselling for a variety of reasons, and not always a traumatic event. It may be that you are experiencing addiction, anxiety, bereavement/loss, low mood/depression, or perhaps you just feel a little bit out of sorts. Counselling can help make sense of your feelings. I work from my therapy room at home, situated in the garden. The garden room provides a safe and confidential space.
I am a Person-Centred Counsellor who is available to work with clients offering face-to-face counselling in Bournemouth, Dorset, as well as online and telephone counselling. People come into counselling for a variety of reasons, and not always a traumatic event. It may be that you are experiencing addiction, anxiety, bereavement/loss, low mood/depression, or perhaps you just feel a little bit out of sorts. Counselling can help make sense of your feelings. I work from my therapy room at home, situated in the garden. The garden room provides a safe and confidential space.
01865 537907 View 01865 537907
Photo of Evelyn Lonnen, Counsellor, MBACP
Evelyn Lonnen
Counsellor, MBACP
I provide a space where you can talk confidentially and experience warmth, support and acceptance from someone who wants to see things from your perspective. Listening to what you are going through gives us both a deeper understanding, together we can begin to make sense of things which will provide relief. You will feel more able to manage and cope with what you find difficult. We can find a way to come to terms with things, explore anything you would like to be different and how to go about making that happen. You will gain insight, resilience and confidence. Reduce intensity of emotions, and find new ways to respond and react.
I provide a space where you can talk confidentially and experience warmth, support and acceptance from someone who wants to see things from your perspective. Listening to what you are going through gives us both a deeper understanding, together we can begin to make sense of things which will provide relief. You will feel more able to manage and cope with what you find difficult. We can find a way to come to terms with things, explore anything you would like to be different and how to go about making that happen. You will gain insight, resilience and confidence. Reduce intensity of emotions, and find new ways to respond and react.
01865 638619 View 01865 638619
Photo of Richard Dolan - Richard Dolan - Check Your Head Counselling, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
You might look like you’re coping, but something isn’t sitting right. Stress, pressure, relationship problems, anger, anxiety, low mood, or a sense you’re stuck and don’t know why. Many of the people I work with aren’t in crisis — they’re functioning, but tired of carrying things alone. You may not want endless talk about feelings, but you do want clarity, direction, and a way to understand what’s going on beneath the surface and change it.
You might look like you’re coping, but something isn’t sitting right. Stress, pressure, relationship problems, anger, anxiety, low mood, or a sense you’re stuck and don’t know why. Many of the people I work with aren’t in crisis — they’re functioning, but tired of carrying things alone. You may not want endless talk about feelings, but you do want clarity, direction, and a way to understand what’s going on beneath the surface and change it.
01354 700745 View 01354 700745
Photo of Ieuan Hopper - Psychological Therapy UK, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Psychological Therapy UK
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
I am an Accredited EMDR Consultant and CBT Supervisor. I am an Award Winning therapist who is qualified & Accredited for both EMDR & CBT. I have been published in scientific journals, my work has featured on the BBC news and I have lectured at a National level. My name is Ieuan Hopper and I pride myself in providing a caring and efficient Psychological service with CBT or EMDR. Treatment can be in person or via the internet, so wherever you are in the UK or the world you can access quality Psychological therapy with me.
I am an Accredited EMDR Consultant and CBT Supervisor. I am an Award Winning therapist who is qualified & Accredited for both EMDR & CBT. I have been published in scientific journals, my work has featured on the BBC news and I have lectured at a National level. My name is Ieuan Hopper and I pride myself in providing a caring and efficient Psychological service with CBT or EMDR. Treatment can be in person or via the internet, so wherever you are in the UK or the world you can access quality Psychological therapy with me.
07493 635037 View 07493 635037
Photo of Dr Raminta Petrauskaite - Dr Raminta - Fortitudo Therapy, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Raminta - Fortitudo Therapy
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
You may be feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges, struggling with emotional distress, or finding it hard to move forward following difficult life events. You are looking for a safe, non-judgmental space where you feel heard and understood, and for support that helps you make sense of your experiences. Your goal may be to feel more grounded, regain confidence, and build a life that feels meaningful and fulfilling, even in the presence of ongoing challenges. I aim to meet you where you are and work collaboratively toward the changes you want to make.
You may be feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges, struggling with emotional distress, or finding it hard to move forward following difficult life events. You are looking for a safe, non-judgmental space where you feel heard and understood, and for support that helps you make sense of your experiences. Your goal may be to feel more grounded, regain confidence, and build a life that feels meaningful and fulfilling, even in the presence of ongoing challenges. I aim to meet you where you are and work collaboratively toward the changes you want to make.
0151 453 8976 View 0151 453 8976
Photo of Andrea Thomas, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Andrea Thomas
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a UKCP registered Psychotherapist, certified Transactional Analyst and offering EMDR Europe Accredited Practitioner and clinical supervisor offering psychotherapy on a short and long term basis. I have experience working with clients who are struggling with trauma related symptoms such as PTSD, depression and anxiety. I am deeply committed to an ethical non-discriminatory practice with my clients and abide by the principles and ethics of the UKCP and BACP. My private practice is located in Lilliput, Poole within each reach of Bournemouth and surrounding areas.
I am a UKCP registered Psychotherapist, certified Transactional Analyst and offering EMDR Europe Accredited Practitioner and clinical supervisor offering psychotherapy on a short and long term basis. I have experience working with clients who are struggling with trauma related symptoms such as PTSD, depression and anxiety. I am deeply committed to an ethical non-discriminatory practice with my clients and abide by the principles and ethics of the UKCP and BACP. My private practice is located in Lilliput, Poole within each reach of Bournemouth and surrounding areas.
020 3974 2183 View 020 3974 2183
Photo of Anna Elston, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Anna Elston
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I offer a friendly, confidential counselling and supervision service both online worldwide and in-person in Christchurch and Bournemouth. I work with international and UK-based treatment facilities as an associate therapist, specialising in areas such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem and addictions. I am also Clinical Supervisor to therapists at The Priory. Whether it’s gambling, social media, pornography, compulsive shopping, countless hours spent at work, substance misuse or drinking to cope, all issues stem from unmet needs and emotional pain. This can present as anxiety, depression, compulsive behaviours or low self-esteem.
I offer a friendly, confidential counselling and supervision service both online worldwide and in-person in Christchurch and Bournemouth. I work with international and UK-based treatment facilities as an associate therapist, specialising in areas such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem and addictions. I am also Clinical Supervisor to therapists at The Priory. Whether it’s gambling, social media, pornography, compulsive shopping, countless hours spent at work, substance misuse or drinking to cope, all issues stem from unmet needs and emotional pain. This can present as anxiety, depression, compulsive behaviours or low self-esteem.
01865 587121 View 01865 587121
Photo of Andrea Karina Johnstone, Counsellor, DCounsPsych
Andrea Karina Johnstone
Counsellor, DCounsPsych
Serves Area
is life very overwhelming and challenging at times? Do you feel sometimes out of control and lost? Do you suffer from stress.? I can help you find place within yourself which is untouched by the chaos. Within our therapeutic relationship, we explore together how life is for you at your own pace. I provide a confidential, non-judgemental safe space. I will help you develop your relationship with yourself, to raise your self-esteem and well being. You are the master of your own ship, I will work with you to find your way, and help you live your best life.
is life very overwhelming and challenging at times? Do you feel sometimes out of control and lost? Do you suffer from stress.? I can help you find place within yourself which is untouched by the chaos. Within our therapeutic relationship, we explore together how life is for you at your own pace. I provide a confidential, non-judgemental safe space. I will help you develop your relationship with yourself, to raise your self-esteem and well being. You are the master of your own ship, I will work with you to find your way, and help you live your best life.
01202 057101 View 01202 057101
Photo of Laura Starnier, Counsellor, MBACP
Laura Starnier
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
I am a psychosynthesis therapist with additional training in bereavement and creative expression. My practice allows for the structure of psychoanalysis, whilst welcoming the physical and spiritual way you are in the world. (You do not have to identify as 'spiritual' to enter transpersonal therapy.) It also recognises that we are interconnected. In other words, what is happening to you, involves others too, it is not all of your own creating. I also work with physical symptoms of psychological pain. The way we work with or against our physical-ness has a deep impact on the way we live our lives.
I am a psychosynthesis therapist with additional training in bereavement and creative expression. My practice allows for the structure of psychoanalysis, whilst welcoming the physical and spiritual way you are in the world. (You do not have to identify as 'spiritual' to enter transpersonal therapy.) It also recognises that we are interconnected. In other words, what is happening to you, involves others too, it is not all of your own creating. I also work with physical symptoms of psychological pain. The way we work with or against our physical-ness has a deep impact on the way we live our lives.
01202 125463 View 01202 125463
Photo of Claire Alexandra Ingram - Liberty Coastal Therapy, Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
Liberty Coastal Therapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
Serves Area
Hello, I'm Claire. I am an experienced Psychotherapist, working on-line and face to face from my therapy rooms in Southbourne. There are many different reasons why you may be looking for change in your life. For example, you may be suffering from day-to-day anxiety, or perhaps you have experienced traumatic life events leading to depression, addictive behaviours or problems in your relationships. You may not even be sure why you feel this way. At times like these it can help to talk to a professional who can work alongside you to help you achieve understanding and clarity, enabling you to make the changes you want in your life.
Hello, I'm Claire. I am an experienced Psychotherapist, working on-line and face to face from my therapy rooms in Southbourne. There are many different reasons why you may be looking for change in your life. For example, you may be suffering from day-to-day anxiety, or perhaps you have experienced traumatic life events leading to depression, addictive behaviours or problems in your relationships. You may not even be sure why you feel this way. At times like these it can help to talk to a professional who can work alongside you to help you achieve understanding and clarity, enabling you to make the changes you want in your life.
01725 538784 View 01725 538784
Photo of Kate Brown, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Kate Brown
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Serves Area
my work is guided by the belief that psychotherapy should be a safe, confidential and regular space in which to talk about feelings, experiences and difficulties, with a therapist you have developed a trusting therapeutic relationship with over time. Understanding how past experiences and relationships can impact on current difficulties can help a person better cope in the future. I provide a warm, empathic and safe proffessional service.
my work is guided by the belief that psychotherapy should be a safe, confidential and regular space in which to talk about feelings, experiences and difficulties, with a therapist you have developed a trusting therapeutic relationship with over time. Understanding how past experiences and relationships can impact on current difficulties can help a person better cope in the future. I provide a warm, empathic and safe proffessional service.
01202 286405 View 01202 286405
Photo of Simon Penny - Simon Penny Counselling and Psychotherapy MBACP, Counsellor, MBACP
Are you feeling stressed, anxious or depressed? Are you suffering from alcohol or substance misuse issues? Whatever you are struggling with, I would love to help. I have an open, honest and non judgemental approach to my practise and provide a safe environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings by focusing on the 'here and now.' I offer a free consultation where we discuss your needs and the best approach to help you lead a happier life. This is a key part of the process. I believe that with the right support, everyone can make a positive change to their lives.
Are you feeling stressed, anxious or depressed? Are you suffering from alcohol or substance misuse issues? Whatever you are struggling with, I would love to help. I have an open, honest and non judgemental approach to my practise and provide a safe environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings by focusing on the 'here and now.' I offer a free consultation where we discuss your needs and the best approach to help you lead a happier life. This is a key part of the process. I believe that with the right support, everyone can make a positive change to their lives.
07782 359122 View 07782 359122
Photo of Mandy Heath, Counsellor, BACP
Mandy Heath
Counsellor, BACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you telling people you are 'fine' even though you know you are not? Maybe you are going through a bereavement, a life transition, a difficult period of your life and need some emotional support? Maybe you have already experienced difficulties in your life and are struggling with the way you feel on the other side of it. Perhaps you are struggling with anxiety, low self-esteem or depression?
Are you telling people you are 'fine' even though you know you are not? Maybe you are going through a bereavement, a life transition, a difficult period of your life and need some emotional support? Maybe you have already experienced difficulties in your life and are struggling with the way you feel on the other side of it. Perhaps you are struggling with anxiety, low self-esteem or depression?
01202 835464 View 01202 835464

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in BH6

20+

Average cost per session

£65

Counsellors in BH6 who prioritize treating:

89% Relationship Issues
86% Anxiety
86% Stress
82% Depression
82% Bereavement
82% Self Esteem
79% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Bupa
83% Aviva
83% WPA

How Counsellors in BH6 see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in BH6?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.