Counselling in London

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Photo of Talk With Tee, Counsellor in London, England
Talk With Tee
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
London SE6  (Online Only)
My name is Talicia and I am a qualified counsellor with a passion for helping people to achieve their goals and do so by giving you a space to feel heard, understood and not judged. I believe that you are the expert of your life and that by sharing your feelings with me we can work to build on areas of low confidence, self doubt and insecurities to a position where you feel more empowered to manage what life has to throw at you.
My name is Talicia and I am a qualified counsellor with a passion for helping people to achieve their goals and do so by giving you a space to feel heard, understood and not judged. I believe that you are the expert of your life and that by sharing your feelings with me we can work to build on areas of low confidence, self doubt and insecurities to a position where you feel more empowered to manage what life has to throw at you.
020 4538 0309 View 020 4538 0309
Photo of Virginia M Geffroy, Psychotherapist in London, England
Virginia M Geffroy
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London W1K
I am an accredited integrative psychotherapist (MBACP) with a special focus on trauma and dissociation. I work relationally, which means that, through the therapeutic relationship, you are encouraged to understand how early experiences and past relationships impact on your present difficulties. In order to access emotions and past traumatic experiences trapped in the body I sometimes use a more mindful and somatic approach in addition to traditional talking therapies. Of special interest to me is how unresolved and traumatic experiences can be healed and transformed by a greater integration of the mind and body.
I am an accredited integrative psychotherapist (MBACP) with a special focus on trauma and dissociation. I work relationally, which means that, through the therapeutic relationship, you are encouraged to understand how early experiences and past relationships impact on your present difficulties. In order to access emotions and past traumatic experiences trapped in the body I sometimes use a more mindful and somatic approach in addition to traditional talking therapies. Of special interest to me is how unresolved and traumatic experiences can be healed and transformed by a greater integration of the mind and body.
01748 901264 View 01748 901264
Photo of Adeola Russell, Counsellor in London, England
Adeola Russell
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London EC1V
I will listen to the experiences you bring of early life, behaviours, feelings, and the emotions that impact your present actions with understanding and acceptance. Yet I firmly believe that we are not irrevocably tethered to our past. I work with the interconnectedness of mind, body, and relationships, facilitating reflection and offering challenge and liberation.
I will listen to the experiences you bring of early life, behaviours, feelings, and the emotions that impact your present actions with understanding and acceptance. Yet I firmly believe that we are not irrevocably tethered to our past. I work with the interconnectedness of mind, body, and relationships, facilitating reflection and offering challenge and liberation.
020 3985 8427 View 020 3985 8427
Photo of Christine de Graaf, Counsellor in London, England
Christine de Graaf
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE1
Hello! I am a Psychosynthesis Counsellor I can meet clients for weekly counselling sessions at London Bridge (SE1) or Brighton & Hove or online. I provide a safe and supportive space where you can express your thoughts and feelings. The aim is that you can gain awareness, make conscious choices for yourself and bring about lasting change in ways that are suited to you. I work with issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, bereavement, grief, low self esteem, relationship issues, family difficulties, parenting support, life changes, self-discovery.
Hello! I am a Psychosynthesis Counsellor I can meet clients for weekly counselling sessions at London Bridge (SE1) or Brighton & Hove or online. I provide a safe and supportive space where you can express your thoughts and feelings. The aim is that you can gain awareness, make conscious choices for yourself and bring about lasting change in ways that are suited to you. I work with issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, bereavement, grief, low self esteem, relationship issues, family difficulties, parenting support, life changes, self-discovery.
020 4538 4330 View 020 4538 4330
Photo of Zaneta Masionis, Counsellor in London, England
Zaneta Masionis
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N16
My main aim as a therapist is to provide a safe and non-judgemental environment in which you as a client feel safe to explore and build trust. I offer a welcoming, confidential space for you to talk and explore any problems or challenges in your life that may be causing you to experience psychological and emotional pain in a safe setting at a pace that works for you. It doesn’t matter how problematic your life is or what form, or size the problems or challenges in your life take, if they are causing you to be unhappy then I can help you.
My main aim as a therapist is to provide a safe and non-judgemental environment in which you as a client feel safe to explore and build trust. I offer a welcoming, confidential space for you to talk and explore any problems or challenges in your life that may be causing you to experience psychological and emotional pain in a safe setting at a pace that works for you. It doesn’t matter how problematic your life is or what form, or size the problems or challenges in your life take, if they are causing you to be unhappy then I can help you.
020 3984 9708 View 020 3984 9708
Photo of Murad Bukhari, Psychotherapist in London, England
Murad Bukhari
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London W2
I am an Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapist that creates a space where you, my client, can express everything; freely, safely, confidentially and without judgement. Together we will explore your dreams, what brings you joy, aspirations, struggles and your deepest fears. You will come to a deeper understanding of how past experiences have shaped your feelings about life today. Psychotherapy helps us welcome in and integrate all aspects of ourselves, with conscious awareness. With work, you will experience an authentic acceptance of your whole Self, and the myriad possibilities that this brings.
I am an Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapist that creates a space where you, my client, can express everything; freely, safely, confidentially and without judgement. Together we will explore your dreams, what brings you joy, aspirations, struggles and your deepest fears. You will come to a deeper understanding of how past experiences have shaped your feelings about life today. Psychotherapy helps us welcome in and integrate all aspects of ourselves, with conscious awareness. With work, you will experience an authentic acceptance of your whole Self, and the myriad possibilities that this brings.
020 4538 2987 View 020 4538 2987
Photo of Justyna Kulczyk-Lewinska, Psychotherapist in London, England
Justyna Kulczyk-Lewinska
Psychotherapist, MSc, COSRT Accred
Verified Verified
London W5  (Online Only)
I am a sexologist. I am devoted to guiding couples and individuals who seek to enhance intimacy and resolve sexual difficulties. My ideal clients come to me with a variety of challenges, from navigating sexual dysfunction to exploring ways to deepen their emotional connection. They often seek not only relief from immediate concerns but also a path to long-term fulfilment in their sexual and romantic relationships.
I am a sexologist. I am devoted to guiding couples and individuals who seek to enhance intimacy and resolve sexual difficulties. My ideal clients come to me with a variety of challenges, from navigating sexual dysfunction to exploring ways to deepen their emotional connection. They often seek not only relief from immediate concerns but also a path to long-term fulfilment in their sexual and romantic relationships.
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Photo of Francine Bear, Psychologist in London, England
Francine Bear
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London E17  (Online Only)
I am currently offering online therapy. I have ten years of experience working in mental health and in supporting people to identify, better understand and work through any difficulties, challenges or points of ‘stuckness’ they may be experiencing in their lives. Therapy is often about exploring different perspectives and developing the skills and tools we need to help navigate life’s challenges to allow us to move forward. I am flexible and collaborative in my approach to therapy because, in my experience, therapy is most helpful to people when it is tailored to their specific needs and the hopes they may have for the process.
I am currently offering online therapy. I have ten years of experience working in mental health and in supporting people to identify, better understand and work through any difficulties, challenges or points of ‘stuckness’ they may be experiencing in their lives. Therapy is often about exploring different perspectives and developing the skills and tools we need to help navigate life’s challenges to allow us to move forward. I am flexible and collaborative in my approach to therapy because, in my experience, therapy is most helpful to people when it is tailored to their specific needs and the hopes they may have for the process.
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Photo of Tom Evans, Psychotherapist in London, England
Tom Evans
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
London E10
I believe that coming to therapy is a choice towards self-discovery and growth. Sometimes, starting this journey can feel essential and immediate, and others, it may come from a feeling of being frustrated, stuck or lost and you could be hesitant. Key to this journey being therapeutic is the relationship between you and your therapist. I work in partnership with my clients to build a safe space of mutual respect, trust and acceptance. I am here to offer you a supportive, confidential space to validate your experience non-judgmentally and to walk beside you to make sense of it together.
I believe that coming to therapy is a choice towards self-discovery and growth. Sometimes, starting this journey can feel essential and immediate, and others, it may come from a feeling of being frustrated, stuck or lost and you could be hesitant. Key to this journey being therapeutic is the relationship between you and your therapist. I work in partnership with my clients to build a safe space of mutual respect, trust and acceptance. I am here to offer you a supportive, confidential space to validate your experience non-judgmentally and to walk beside you to make sense of it together.
020 7870 1263 View 020 7870 1263
Photo of Shana Laffy - Relationship Therapist , Counsellor in London, England
Shana Laffy - Relationship Therapist
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
London NW5
Making the decision to access therapy can be a daunting one. Maybe you have been dealing with anxiety & would like to find some strategies to support yourself or maybe you would like to change patterns, relationships & become more self-aware. You might be in a relationship where you feel the same issues keep resurfacing & you would like someone to help you consider how to improve communication. It could be that you feel experiences in the past are impacting your quality of life or you wish you knew more about what makes you who you are? Therapy is a place to help you gain insight and look towards change.
Making the decision to access therapy can be a daunting one. Maybe you have been dealing with anxiety & would like to find some strategies to support yourself or maybe you would like to change patterns, relationships & become more self-aware. You might be in a relationship where you feel the same issues keep resurfacing & you would like someone to help you consider how to improve communication. It could be that you feel experiences in the past are impacting your quality of life or you wish you knew more about what makes you who you are? Therapy is a place to help you gain insight and look towards change.
020 3835 4910 View 020 3835 4910
Photo of Jo-Anne Karlsson, Psychologist in London, England
Jo-Anne Karlsson
Psychologist, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
London SW7
A confidential, non-judgmental space where you can explore positive and challenging aspects of your life and any change you wish to explore or make. I have personal experience in sexual, physical, emotional and mental abuse; divorce; living with a Narcissist; step-parenting and living in an Ex-pat community. The approaches I predominantly use are Solution Focused, Bowenian Systemic approach, Brainspotting or Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy (EFP). All approaches work with clients, though I have found 'Walk and Talk' or EFP best for adolescents or those suffering with PTSD or Trauma, along with Brainspotting.
A confidential, non-judgmental space where you can explore positive and challenging aspects of your life and any change you wish to explore or make. I have personal experience in sexual, physical, emotional and mental abuse; divorce; living with a Narcissist; step-parenting and living in an Ex-pat community. The approaches I predominantly use are Solution Focused, Bowenian Systemic approach, Brainspotting or Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy (EFP). All approaches work with clients, though I have found 'Walk and Talk' or EFP best for adolescents or those suffering with PTSD or Trauma, along with Brainspotting.
01344 567575 View 01344 567575
Photo of Danny Zane, Psychotherapist in London, England
Danny Zane
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London W1G
During your therapy sessions, we will work collaboratively to identify your goals and develop a plan tailored to your specific needs. I use a range of therapeutic techniques and approaches, depending on my client's presenting issues and preferences. Within my Person-Centred practice, I offer a combination of different modalities including psychodynamic therapy and mindfulness-based therapy. We will work through what has brought you to therapy and any goals, changes or meaning you are wanting. Together we shall walk on your therapeutic journey.
During your therapy sessions, we will work collaboratively to identify your goals and develop a plan tailored to your specific needs. I use a range of therapeutic techniques and approaches, depending on my client's presenting issues and preferences. Within my Person-Centred practice, I offer a combination of different modalities including psychodynamic therapy and mindfulness-based therapy. We will work through what has brought you to therapy and any goals, changes or meaning you are wanting. Together we shall walk on your therapeutic journey.
020 3835 3891 View 020 3835 3891
Photo of Dr Keren Smith, Psychologist in London, England
Dr Keren Smith
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London W1H  (Online Only)
Dr Keren Smith worked for the NHS at South London and Maudsley Foundation Trust from 2009 until 2022 where she and her colleagues set up the pioneering National and Specialist Dialectical Behaviour Therapy service for adolescents. Keren has seen clients independently since 2012 and works with both adults and adolescents with a wide range of difficulties. She has a particular interest in working with people with a history of trauma and symptoms associated with PTSD and CPTSD; she has completed further training in specialist trauma focused models including EMDR and DBT-PE.
Dr Keren Smith worked for the NHS at South London and Maudsley Foundation Trust from 2009 until 2022 where she and her colleagues set up the pioneering National and Specialist Dialectical Behaviour Therapy service for adolescents. Keren has seen clients independently since 2012 and works with both adults and adolescents with a wide range of difficulties. She has a particular interest in working with people with a history of trauma and symptoms associated with PTSD and CPTSD; she has completed further training in specialist trauma focused models including EMDR and DBT-PE.
020 8106 4754 View 020 8106 4754
Photo of Michelle Mclean, Psychotherapist in London, England
Michelle Mclean
Psychotherapist, BPC
Verified Verified
London E2
I am a psychodynamic psychotherapist working with a wide range of emotional difficulties, mental health challenges and relationship issues. I offer a non-judgmental, confidential, safe and welcoming space for you to talk about any issues that may be troubling you. I am trauma informed and I have experience of working with people from a wide range of backgrounds and cultures. People come to see me for all sorts of reasons including anxiety, depression, trauma, loss and relationship or family difficulties.
I am a psychodynamic psychotherapist working with a wide range of emotional difficulties, mental health challenges and relationship issues. I offer a non-judgmental, confidential, safe and welcoming space for you to talk about any issues that may be troubling you. I am trauma informed and I have experience of working with people from a wide range of backgrounds and cultures. People come to see me for all sorts of reasons including anxiety, depression, trauma, loss and relationship or family difficulties.
020 3984 8263 View 020 3984 8263
Photo of Reema Patel, Counsellor in London, England
Reema Patel
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London N1  (Online Only)
I have 20+ years experience working with clients who have complex mental health needs and a forensic past, and those who are highly sensitive and experience their emotions more intensely than the average person. I support clients who present with a wide range of interpersonal and relationship difficulties, emotion regulation disorders such as BPD, childhood abuse, bereavement and loss, eating disorders, depression and anxiety and suicidal and self-harming behaviours. I offer clients a thorough assessment of their life history as well as identifying current needs and goals, and a clear, well-defined treatment package.
I have 20+ years experience working with clients who have complex mental health needs and a forensic past, and those who are highly sensitive and experience their emotions more intensely than the average person. I support clients who present with a wide range of interpersonal and relationship difficulties, emotion regulation disorders such as BPD, childhood abuse, bereavement and loss, eating disorders, depression and anxiety and suicidal and self-harming behaviours. I offer clients a thorough assessment of their life history as well as identifying current needs and goals, and a clear, well-defined treatment package.
020 3826 8325 View 020 3826 8325
Berna Bayazitoglu
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London W2
I am a London-based psychotherapist, working mainly with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, effects of relational trauma, relationship issues/heartbreak/separation/divorce and bereavement/loss/grief. I am registered with the UKCP and comply with its ethical standards. I offer my clients a confidential, safe and respectful space to explore their issues and facilitate their transformation. I take the view that our difficulties are in fact opportunities to bring out what is latent and yearning to be expressed in us, although it often feels difficult to see this possibility as we go through our challenging life situations.
I am a London-based psychotherapist, working mainly with clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, effects of relational trauma, relationship issues/heartbreak/separation/divorce and bereavement/loss/grief. I am registered with the UKCP and comply with its ethical standards. I offer my clients a confidential, safe and respectful space to explore their issues and facilitate their transformation. I take the view that our difficulties are in fact opportunities to bring out what is latent and yearning to be expressed in us, although it often feels difficult to see this possibility as we go through our challenging life situations.
020 8106 5304 View 020 8106 5304
Photo of Rebekah Banks, Psychotherapist in London, England
Rebekah Banks
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London E8  (Online Only)
I understand and trust that my clients are the experts of their own lives and encourage their ability to make positive decisions for their growth and development. I have gained a wealth of experience working with people from all walks of life in a variety of situations and practices. However, my special interest is working with minority groups and I have an expertise in therapeutically supporting the LGBTQ+ community and people of colour living in the UK.
I understand and trust that my clients are the experts of their own lives and encourage their ability to make positive decisions for their growth and development. I have gained a wealth of experience working with people from all walks of life in a variety of situations and practices. However, my special interest is working with minority groups and I have an expertise in therapeutically supporting the LGBTQ+ community and people of colour living in the UK.
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Photo of Joanne Parslow @ The Wellbee’Ing Lodge, Psychotherapist in London, England
Joanne Parslow @ The Wellbee’Ing Lodge
Psychotherapist, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
London SE2
The WellBee’ng Lodge is located in Abbey wood , South East London SE2. I am registered with the NCPS, I hold Professionally Accredited membership. I am a qualified Psychotherapist, Counsellor , Coach and Clinical Supervisor. I am Practitioner at the WellBee’ing’ing Lodge and I also work within the NHS - IAPT Counselling Service. The WellBee'ing Lodge offers a variety of different modalities / types of therapy as one shoe doesn’t fit all .
The WellBee’ng Lodge is located in Abbey wood , South East London SE2. I am registered with the NCPS, I hold Professionally Accredited membership. I am a qualified Psychotherapist, Counsellor , Coach and Clinical Supervisor. I am Practitioner at the WellBee’ing’ing Lodge and I also work within the NHS - IAPT Counselling Service. The WellBee'ing Lodge offers a variety of different modalities / types of therapy as one shoe doesn’t fit all .
020 3540 6454 View 020 3540 6454
Photo of Evelyn Maritta Aldous in London, England
Evelyn Maritta Aldous
MA
Verified Verified
London N1
Hi, my name is Evelyn. I am a relationship therapist and coach for couples and individuals. I specialise in helping couples on the brink of separation to repair their relationship and heal their pain and hurt in order to restore their emotional, romantic and erotic connection. My primary focus is on reviving the lost passion, love and intimacy that was lost in the busyness of life and in the accumulated resentment arising from unmet expectations. I have a Masters Degree in Psychology, I am a qualified couples therapist and have done part of my training with Esther Perel and Terry Real.
Hi, my name is Evelyn. I am a relationship therapist and coach for couples and individuals. I specialise in helping couples on the brink of separation to repair their relationship and heal their pain and hurt in order to restore their emotional, romantic and erotic connection. My primary focus is on reviving the lost passion, love and intimacy that was lost in the busyness of life and in the accumulated resentment arising from unmet expectations. I have a Masters Degree in Psychology, I am a qualified couples therapist and have done part of my training with Esther Perel and Terry Real.
020 3004 2348 View 020 3004 2348
Photo of Angela Ruotolo, Psychotherapist in London, England
Angela Ruotolo
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London NW6
Therapy can be a life changing experience, a time for growth, exploration and personal development. You may be coming in the hope to resolve some past or current experiences or you may feel overwhelmed, confused, lost, stuck. You might be experiencing difficult symptoms and unhelpful behaviours that inhibit you from living your life to the full. Perhaps you struggle in your environment to fully thrive. I welcome people of any gender identity, sexuality or with any relationship style. I deeply respect difference and actively practice anti-racism. Together we can work on whatever might be the right approach for you.
Therapy can be a life changing experience, a time for growth, exploration and personal development. You may be coming in the hope to resolve some past or current experiences or you may feel overwhelmed, confused, lost, stuck. You might be experiencing difficult symptoms and unhelpful behaviours that inhibit you from living your life to the full. Perhaps you struggle in your environment to fully thrive. I welcome people of any gender identity, sexuality or with any relationship style. I deeply respect difference and actively practice anti-racism. Together we can work on whatever might be the right approach for you.
020 3856 3173 View 020 3856 3173

See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London

3,000+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in London who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
84% Self Esteem
81% Relationship Issues
79% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
63% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aviva
65% AXA PPP
58% Vitality

How Counsellors in London see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.