Photo of Kristina Gumbryte, Psychotherapist in Borrowash, England
Kristina Gumbryte
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Borrowash DE72
I strongly believe that the client knows themselves best, therefore I listen not to diagnose, but to understand you and how you came to be. I appreciate everyone wants to be happy, but the idea of happiness will look different to everyone - to some, it may be having better relationships with their loved ones, to others, it may be excelling at their career, and others may want to have a better relationship with themselves. Together, we can work through the barriers like anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicidal thoughts, eating disorders, or anything else. Whatever it is that your happiness looks like, I want to help you get there.
I strongly believe that the client knows themselves best, therefore I listen not to diagnose, but to understand you and how you came to be. I appreciate everyone wants to be happy, but the idea of happiness will look different to everyone - to some, it may be having better relationships with their loved ones, to others, it may be excelling at their career, and others may want to have a better relationship with themselves. Together, we can work through the barriers like anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicidal thoughts, eating disorders, or anything else. Whatever it is that your happiness looks like, I want to help you get there.
01332 497537 View 01332 497537
Photo of Friar Gate Counselling & Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist in Borrowash, England
Friar Gate Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Borrowash DE72
I am Miricia, an experienced, fully qualified BACP registered counsellor and psychotherapist. I have many years' experience in the mental health field along with formal training that provides me with a solid foundation to practice as an integrative counsellor. I have worked in private practise, businesses, charities, schools and have also featured on BBC Radio Two. In addition to my private practice I have experience in various mental health settings, having worked in the mental health field for the NHS in London, and as a counsellor for various employee assistance programmes and voluntary community counselling services.
I am Miricia, an experienced, fully qualified BACP registered counsellor and psychotherapist. I have many years' experience in the mental health field along with formal training that provides me with a solid foundation to practice as an integrative counsellor. I have worked in private practise, businesses, charities, schools and have also featured on BBC Radio Two. In addition to my private practice I have experience in various mental health settings, having worked in the mental health field for the NHS in London, and as a counsellor for various employee assistance programmes and voluntary community counselling services.
01332 985704 View 01332 985704

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Andrea Barratt, Counsellor in Borrowash, England
Andrea Barratt
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Derby DE22
People seek counselling for aspects of life which are troubling them. It might be because of depression, anxiety, low mood, a lack of confidence or feeling overwhelmed. Perhaps you are wishing to recover from past traumas or you're feeling stuck. Seeking help is a positive and courageous step. Choosing a counsellor that you can trust and feel comfortable with is important. For this reason I offer a free, no obligation, 30 minute telephone consultation. My practice is based near the centre of Derby. I provide therapy for adults from 18 years upwards.
People seek counselling for aspects of life which are troubling them. It might be because of depression, anxiety, low mood, a lack of confidence or feeling overwhelmed. Perhaps you are wishing to recover from past traumas or you're feeling stuck. Seeking help is a positive and courageous step. Choosing a counsellor that you can trust and feel comfortable with is important. For this reason I offer a free, no obligation, 30 minute telephone consultation. My practice is based near the centre of Derby. I provide therapy for adults from 18 years upwards.
01332 982239 View 01332 982239
Photo of Dr Victoria Williams, Counsellor in Borrowash, England
Dr Victoria Williams
Counsellor, PsychD, MBACP
Verified Verified
Derby DE1
I have experience working with a wide range of issues including low self-esteem, grief and loss, depression, chronic pain, anxiety, trauma, abuse, neurodiversity, gender, sex and relationship diversity.
Psychodynamic counselling or psychotherapy is effective in allowing you to make positive changes to your life, so you can deal with any overwhelming issues that are causing you emotional pain, unhappiness, or stress now. Perhaps you're feeling trapped or blocked by the past, feeling stuck in survival mode with old patterns that keep resurfacing. Maybe you are recently grieving from a loss of some kind, or can’t make sense of a general flatness or despair with feelings of depression, and anxiety. I provide a non-judgemental, inclusive space to explore these difficult parts, thoughts and feelings to gain greater understanding.
I have experience working with a wide range of issues including low self-esteem, grief and loss, depression, chronic pain, anxiety, trauma, abuse, neurodiversity, gender, sex and relationship diversity.
Psychodynamic counselling or psychotherapy is effective in allowing you to make positive changes to your life, so you can deal with any overwhelming issues that are causing you emotional pain, unhappiness, or stress now. Perhaps you're feeling trapped or blocked by the past, feeling stuck in survival mode with old patterns that keep resurfacing. Maybe you are recently grieving from a loss of some kind, or can’t make sense of a general flatness or despair with feelings of depression, and anxiety. I provide a non-judgemental, inclusive space to explore these difficult parts, thoughts and feelings to gain greater understanding.
01543 399050 View 01543 399050
Photo of Suzie Ford, Psychotherapist in Borrowash, England
Suzie Ford
Psychotherapist, PhD, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Beeston NG9
I work with adults of all ages who experience challenge and overwhelm in their lives. Whether you are going through something new or you have been feeling this way for a while, I am here and wanting to support you. My areas of work include: anxiety; depression; self-esteem issues; relationship problems; shame; trauma; personality disorders; childhood issues; abuse; loss; bullying; and neglect.
I work with adults of all ages who experience challenge and overwhelm in their lives. Whether you are going through something new or you have been feeling this way for a while, I am here and wanting to support you. My areas of work include: anxiety; depression; self-esteem issues; relationship problems; shame; trauma; personality disorders; childhood issues; abuse; loss; bullying; and neglect.
0115 647 1161 View 0115 647 1161
Photo of Clare Ewers-Archer, Counsellor in Borrowash, England
Clare Ewers-Archer
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG16
I offer support to adults, teenagers and young people with a wide range of difficulties including: Grief and Loss, Depression, Anxiety, Low mood, Suicidal thoughts & Ideation, Anger, Self-harm, Identity, Trauma, Stress, Relationship issues, Family Relationships, Work related challenges, Life transitions and Changes.
I am a BSc (Hons) qualified Humanistic and Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist based in Nottingham. I specialize in helping you to discover your true self by exploring hidden depths and supporting you with the issues that are causing you discomfort, anxiety, and stress. I work from a relational, person-centred perspective; integrating and tailoring therapeutic techniques to meet your unique needs and goals. I recognise that seeking counselling and psychotherapy can be a vulnerable and courageous step and I am dedicated to supporting my clients throughout their healing process.
I offer support to adults, teenagers and young people with a wide range of difficulties including: Grief and Loss, Depression, Anxiety, Low mood, Suicidal thoughts & Ideation, Anger, Self-harm, Identity, Trauma, Stress, Relationship issues, Family Relationships, Work related challenges, Life transitions and Changes.
I am a BSc (Hons) qualified Humanistic and Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist based in Nottingham. I specialize in helping you to discover your true self by exploring hidden depths and supporting you with the issues that are causing you discomfort, anxiety, and stress. I work from a relational, person-centred perspective; integrating and tailoring therapeutic techniques to meet your unique needs and goals. I recognise that seeking counselling and psychotherapy can be a vulnerable and courageous step and I am dedicated to supporting my clients throughout their healing process.
View
Photo of Nottingham Counselling Therapy, Psychotherapist in Borrowash, England
Nottingham Counselling Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG1
Thank you for visiting us. Perhaps you are struggling to cope, feeling anxious, depressed, processing trauma, emotional problems, overwhelmed, or maybe you are going through some changes. Regardless of your situation, our professionals at Nottingham Counselling Therapy support individuals and couples to heal, grow and feel better. We deliver effective and professional therapy by working to high standards, tracking therapy progress and offering you the best support to explore your thoughts, feelings and behaviours in a confidential and safe environment, where you will be treated with respect and care that ensures positive change.
Thank you for visiting us. Perhaps you are struggling to cope, feeling anxious, depressed, processing trauma, emotional problems, overwhelmed, or maybe you are going through some changes. Regardless of your situation, our professionals at Nottingham Counselling Therapy support individuals and couples to heal, grow and feel better. We deliver effective and professional therapy by working to high standards, tracking therapy progress and offering you the best support to explore your thoughts, feelings and behaviours in a confidential and safe environment, where you will be treated with respect and care that ensures positive change.
0115 697 1742 View 0115 697 1742
Photo of Dr Alison Jones, Psychologist in Borrowash, England
Dr Alison Jones
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Melbourne DE73
I am a Clinical Psychologist based in Derbyshire. I help adults and young people with psychological and emotional difficulties including depression, anxiety, trauma, work related stress, psychosexual difficulties, relationship difficulties, self-esteem, physical health difficulties and adjustment to major life events. My main focus is providing psychological assessment and treatment. I help support clients with a wide range of difficulties, from mild through to severe and longstanding. I can offer many modes of therapy including; CBT, EMDR, integrative, systemic and psychosexual.
I am a Clinical Psychologist based in Derbyshire. I help adults and young people with psychological and emotional difficulties including depression, anxiety, trauma, work related stress, psychosexual difficulties, relationship difficulties, self-esteem, physical health difficulties and adjustment to major life events. My main focus is providing psychological assessment and treatment. I help support clients with a wide range of difficulties, from mild through to severe and longstanding. I can offer many modes of therapy including; CBT, EMDR, integrative, systemic and psychosexual.
01332 959035 View 01332 959035
Photo of Chris Allwright, Counsellor in Borrowash, England
Chris Allwright
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Derby DE22
Are you struggling to cope with stress, anxiety or the effects of traumatic events in your life? Are you stuck with difficult feelings and/or circumstances and need help to find a way through them? Or are you looking for answers to “where do I go from here?” Please contact me for a free consultation, I’m always committed to finding ways to help. With over 30 years’ experience in mental health and wellbeing I have worked with all ages, from secondary school through to end-of-life care and have worked with people in many different challenging, traumatic and complex circumstances. I am confident to deal with any issue.
Are you struggling to cope with stress, anxiety or the effects of traumatic events in your life? Are you stuck with difficult feelings and/or circumstances and need help to find a way through them? Or are you looking for answers to “where do I go from here?” Please contact me for a free consultation, I’m always committed to finding ways to help. With over 30 years’ experience in mental health and wellbeing I have worked with all ages, from secondary school through to end-of-life care and have worked with people in many different challenging, traumatic and complex circumstances. I am confident to deal with any issue.
01332 959071 View 01332 959071
Photo of Jonathan Stone - Discover U, Psychotherapist in Borrowash, England
Jonathan Stone - Discover U
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Derby DE1
I am an experienced qualified Integrative Psychotherapist, Counsellor and Supervisor, working in Private practice and within the NHS for over 13 years. I work with individuals, couples, EAP services, and provide clinical supervision. I have significant experience of working with a wide range of clients. Ages range from teens to older adults. I work with people experiencing a range of issues - Relationship issues; anxiety including panic disorders and depression; post natal depression; work problems; stress; loss, I am trained and have considerable experience in working with psychiatric diagnosis.
I am an experienced qualified Integrative Psychotherapist, Counsellor and Supervisor, working in Private practice and within the NHS for over 13 years. I work with individuals, couples, EAP services, and provide clinical supervision. I have significant experience of working with a wide range of clients. Ages range from teens to older adults. I work with people experiencing a range of issues - Relationship issues; anxiety including panic disorders and depression; post natal depression; work problems; stress; loss, I am trained and have considerable experience in working with psychiatric diagnosis.
01332 650348 View 01332 650348
Photo of Michelle Ede Therapy in Borrowash, England
Michelle Ede Therapy
Verified Verified
Derby DE22
Have you ever suffered Trauma in your life, which has lead to you feeling unable to cope, feeling suicidal or self harming? Do you feel confused, ashamed, scared, anxiety ridden and depressed, unable to make decisions? Do your relationships suffer as a consequence? Do you wish you could move forward with your life positively and leave the past behind? I use EMDR Therapy to help individuals to deal with a variety of issues, including: PTSD, Depression, Stress, Panic attacks, Anxiety, Sexual and Domestic Abuse, Rape, Pain Management, Social Anxiety, Phobias, Trauma, Personality Disorder, Relationship breakdown and many other issues.
Have you ever suffered Trauma in your life, which has lead to you feeling unable to cope, feeling suicidal or self harming? Do you feel confused, ashamed, scared, anxiety ridden and depressed, unable to make decisions? Do your relationships suffer as a consequence? Do you wish you could move forward with your life positively and leave the past behind? I use EMDR Therapy to help individuals to deal with a variety of issues, including: PTSD, Depression, Stress, Panic attacks, Anxiety, Sexual and Domestic Abuse, Rape, Pain Management, Social Anxiety, Phobias, Trauma, Personality Disorder, Relationship breakdown and many other issues.
01952 984225 View 01952 984225
Photo of Joanna Baker, Psychotherapist in Borrowash, England
Joanna Baker
Psychotherapist, MHGI
Verified Verified
Bretby DE15
Clients come to see me at The Well-Minded Practice when they want fast, effective new outcomes for depression, anxiety, trauma and to improve their sleep. With extensive experience working with all forms of emotional distress, I always strive to ensure that alongside specific work carried out during appointments, clients have a firm foundation of of understanding and a set of tools to continue to maintain their own emotional health proactively in the future. Using the most up-to-date psychotherapeutic understanding and techniques, I help clients move forward with their lives as swiftly and effectively as possible.
Clients come to see me at The Well-Minded Practice when they want fast, effective new outcomes for depression, anxiety, trauma and to improve their sleep. With extensive experience working with all forms of emotional distress, I always strive to ensure that alongside specific work carried out during appointments, clients have a firm foundation of of understanding and a set of tools to continue to maintain their own emotional health proactively in the future. Using the most up-to-date psychotherapeutic understanding and techniques, I help clients move forward with their lives as swiftly and effectively as possible.
01283 242346 View 01283 242346
Photo of Grey Space Counselling, Counsellor in Borrowash, England
Grey Space Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Derby DE1
Are you going through a bereavement? Are you struggling with anxiety? Have you been suffering with low mood? Do you feel lost, alone or confused? Being human can be tough and we can all experience difficulties with our mental health. This does not mean you are broken or need to be ‘fixed’, but instead you are having a normal human response to an abnormally painful, difficult or scary experience - it can help to talk.
Are you going through a bereavement? Are you struggling with anxiety? Have you been suffering with low mood? Do you feel lost, alone or confused? Being human can be tough and we can all experience difficulties with our mental health. This does not mean you are broken or need to be ‘fixed’, but instead you are having a normal human response to an abnormally painful, difficult or scary experience - it can help to talk.
01889 227290 View 01889 227290
Photo of Louise Bellamy, Psychotherapist in Borrowash, England
Louise Bellamy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Derby DE22
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, I'm Louise, I'm a BACP-Accredited Integrative Psychotherapist offering individual therapy sessions to adults on a short or long-term basis. I can work with you either in-person from my home in Allestree (Derby), online, or outdoors in a 'Walk and Talk' format. I have experience in working with individuals facing a wide range of problems, and particularly with those suffering from eating disorders, trauma, anxiety, and difficulties in relating to other people. In addition to working privately, I have 10 years' experience of working with First Steps Derbyshire, providing counselling to sufferers of a range of eating disorders.
Hi, I'm Louise, I'm a BACP-Accredited Integrative Psychotherapist offering individual therapy sessions to adults on a short or long-term basis. I can work with you either in-person from my home in Allestree (Derby), online, or outdoors in a 'Walk and Talk' format. I have experience in working with individuals facing a wide range of problems, and particularly with those suffering from eating disorders, trauma, anxiety, and difficulties in relating to other people. In addition to working privately, I have 10 years' experience of working with First Steps Derbyshire, providing counselling to sufferers of a range of eating disorders.
01332 327428 View 01332 327428
Photo of Clare Cranage, Counsellor in Borrowash, England
Clare Cranage
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Derby DE73
Special areas of interest to me are, stress, anxiety, trauma, relationships and attachment.
Hi, I'm Clare. If you've made it this far I'd imagine you're probably going through something emotional that's feels strong enough for you to reach out for help. I offer a counselling service for those 18 and above using an integrative approach. This means that I am trained in different approaches and theories that we can use in our sessions, a little bit like a tool box. Using these tools to understand you and where your problems may be coming from, we will work together for you to reach the goals that you set for yourself.
Special areas of interest to me are, stress, anxiety, trauma, relationships and attachment.
Hi, I'm Clare. If you've made it this far I'd imagine you're probably going through something emotional that's feels strong enough for you to reach out for help. I offer a counselling service for those 18 and above using an integrative approach. This means that I am trained in different approaches and theories that we can use in our sessions, a little bit like a tool box. Using these tools to understand you and where your problems may be coming from, we will work together for you to reach the goals that you set for yourself.
01332 215201 View 01332 215201
Photo of Szabolcs Gálvölgyi, Psychotherapist in Borrowash, England
Szabolcs Gálvölgyi
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Nottingham NG10
Welcome to my page! My name is Szabolcs - I acknowledge that it is a difficult name; do not worry if you do not know how to pronounce it. I am a fully qualified practitioner and I provide psychological therapy to adults and adolesents. I completed a Bachelor of Science degree in psychology, a Master of Science degree in counselling psychology, and I also regularly attend further training. I offer my therapeutic services to women as well as to men, and in addition to working with the below difficulties, I am also open to hear about what you are seeking support for. You can book in for a FREE initial consultation as well.
Welcome to my page! My name is Szabolcs - I acknowledge that it is a difficult name; do not worry if you do not know how to pronounce it. I am a fully qualified practitioner and I provide psychological therapy to adults and adolesents. I completed a Bachelor of Science degree in psychology, a Master of Science degree in counselling psychology, and I also regularly attend further training. I offer my therapeutic services to women as well as to men, and in addition to working with the below difficulties, I am also open to hear about what you are seeking support for. You can book in for a FREE initial consultation as well.
01296 323423 View 01296 323423
Photo of Nicky Alexis Daly, Counsellor in Borrowash, England
Nicky Alexis Daly
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Kegworth DE74
Are you struggling with difficult feelings such as fear, depression, anxiety, stress, grief, anger? Do you feel like you are going around in circles and can't see a light at the end of the tunnel? Taking that step to ask for help can be a frightening one, but it can also be them beginning of stepping out of that circle and finding a different perspective. My name is Nicky Daly and I work in a counselling/psychotherapy practice, just 3 minutes drive from J23 of the M1. As a practise we offer short and long term therapy for individuals, couples and children. We have over 30 years experience supporting people in distress.
Are you struggling with difficult feelings such as fear, depression, anxiety, stress, grief, anger? Do you feel like you are going around in circles and can't see a light at the end of the tunnel? Taking that step to ask for help can be a frightening one, but it can also be them beginning of stepping out of that circle and finding a different perspective. My name is Nicky Daly and I work in a counselling/psychotherapy practice, just 3 minutes drive from J23 of the M1. As a practise we offer short and long term therapy for individuals, couples and children. We have over 30 years experience supporting people in distress.
07581 747542 View 07581 747542
Photo of Linda McConnachie, Psychotherapist in Borrowash, England
Linda McConnachie
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Beeston NG9
If you're experiencing panic, anxiety, anger, a sense of worthlessness, I can provide the space for you to safely explore the many thoughts and feelings which may be keeping you stuck.
I am a qualified Supervisor, . Counsellor and Therapist with experience working with adults, couples and young people in schools. If you’re facing distressing or traumatic experiences, I can support you explore your thoughts and feelings to make sense of what's going on and consider how things can change. I work on a short or longer term basis. I know that, sometimes, talking can be difficult; our unconscious thoughts get in the way of change and I’m able to offer body or creative therapeutic solutions as well.
If you're experiencing panic, anxiety, anger, a sense of worthlessness, I can provide the space for you to safely explore the many thoughts and feelings which may be keeping you stuck.
I am a qualified Supervisor, . Counsellor and Therapist with experience working with adults, couples and young people in schools. If you’re facing distressing or traumatic experiences, I can support you explore your thoughts and feelings to make sense of what's going on and consider how things can change. I work on a short or longer term basis. I know that, sometimes, talking can be difficult; our unconscious thoughts get in the way of change and I’m able to offer body or creative therapeutic solutions as well.
0115 697 1078 View 0115 697 1078
Photo of David Everett, Psychotherapist in Borrowash, England
David Everett
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Derby DE1
I have worked with clients with a wide range of difficulties including, but not limited to, depression, anxiety, PTSD, domestic abuse and low self-esteem.
If you, or someone you care about, is experiencing difficulties in life, it can be helpful to talk with a highly-skilled and experienced professional who can help to navigate through these moments. As a psychotherapist registered with the BACP, I provide a compassionate and safe space for you to explore these issues in a non-judgmental manner, and can work with both individuals and couples.
I have worked with clients with a wide range of difficulties including, but not limited to, depression, anxiety, PTSD, domestic abuse and low self-esteem.
If you, or someone you care about, is experiencing difficulties in life, it can be helpful to talk with a highly-skilled and experienced professional who can help to navigate through these moments. As a psychotherapist registered with the BACP, I provide a compassionate and safe space for you to explore these issues in a non-judgmental manner, and can work with both individuals and couples.
01246 959055 View 01246 959055
Photo of CBT for Healthy Minds ( Caroline Bottrill ), Psychotherapist in Borrowash, England
CBT for Healthy Minds ( Caroline Bottrill )
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Derby DE65
I'm a professional and caring Psychotherapist with 15 years experience of helping my clients overcome depression, anxiety and trauma. If you are feeling anxious, fearful, low or alone, please do not suffer in silence, as my services can provide you with a helping hand. I treat all mental health problems. I have spent 15 years working with GP practices offering private therapy services to their patients . I provide alcohol and drug addiction rehabilitation programmes. I provide programmes for eating disorder recovery . I specialise in binge eating disorder and provide recovery programmes . I offer weight management programmes .
I'm a professional and caring Psychotherapist with 15 years experience of helping my clients overcome depression, anxiety and trauma. If you are feeling anxious, fearful, low or alone, please do not suffer in silence, as my services can provide you with a helping hand. I treat all mental health problems. I have spent 15 years working with GP practices offering private therapy services to their patients . I provide alcohol and drug addiction rehabilitation programmes. I provide programmes for eating disorder recovery . I specialise in binge eating disorder and provide recovery programmes . I offer weight management programmes .
0121 817 3868 View 0121 817 3868

Anxiety Counsellors

What are the most common treatments for anxiety?

Talk therapy, particularly cognitive behavioural therapy, is the most common treatment for anxiety. Studies have shown it is equally effective as medication. Other forms of therapy are popular, depending on a patient’s experience. Exposure therapy, for instance, can be useful for people dealing with fears and phobias, or who have experienced traumatic events. Dialectical Behavioural Therapy may be useful for patients who need help with emotion regulation. Anxiolytic medications, like benzodiazepines, can also help with calming a person enough to focus on the skills they’ve learned, and physical exercise has been shown to help symptoms of anxiety across the board.

How long does therapy for anxiety take to work?

The amount of time needed to alleviate symptoms depends on the severity of a person’s condition. Some therapies may take 5-20 weekly sessions to show results. Anti-depressant medications typically take two to four weeks before a benefit is felt. Anti-anxiety medications are felt typically within 20-30 minutes. Medications are best used to offer a patient a better headspace in which to work on techniques learned in therapy. Exercise, improved sleep habits, and meditation are effective, but takes weeks or months to show results.

When should I seek treatment for anxiety?

Everyone feels anxious at times, but when anxiety causes disruption to your daily life, it may be time to seek help. Such disruption can be mental, physical, or both: having fear dominate your thoughts, avoiding situations or objects that bring on feelings of anxiety, or experiencing shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, or panic attacks. When these symptoms are recurrent and distressing, it may be time to talk to someone.

How effective is treatment for anxiety?

Treatment for anxiety has been shown to be moderately to highly effective, according to a large body of psychology studies and analyses. For some people, treatment using CBT or exposure therapy alone is effective. Others respond best to a combination of medication and therapy.