Counselling in Wokingham

Photo of Paul James Counselling, Counsellor in Wokingham, England
Paul James Counselling
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40
I’m an integrative practitioner who uses person centred counselling skills combined with a psychodynamic approach to support individuals and couples on their journey of personal growth and development. I work from the Practice Rooms in central Bath, the rooms offer a quiet and peaceful environment for clients to feel safe and relaxed in order to explore any issues which may arise. Counselling can support you by enabling you to get in touch with feelings or emotions which may have previously been too painful or frightening for you to feel. I work with many different issues with special interest in
I’m an integrative practitioner who uses person centred counselling skills combined with a psychodynamic approach to support individuals and couples on their journey of personal growth and development. I work from the Practice Rooms in central Bath, the rooms offer a quiet and peaceful environment for clients to feel safe and relaxed in order to explore any issues which may arise. Counselling can support you by enabling you to get in touch with feelings or emotions which may have previously been too painful or frightening for you to feel. I work with many different issues with special interest in
01344 595723 View 01344 595723
Photo of Dr Charlotte Couldrey, Psychologist in Wokingham, England
Dr Charlotte Couldrey
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40
I am an experienced specialist Clinical Psychologist with 20 years of NHS and private practice working with young people and adults with a range of emotional difficulties. I am able to offer clinical assessment followed by a bespoke treatment package for a range of emotional difficulties including anxiety disorders, autism, depression, anger problems, stress, relationship difficulties, adjustment, trauma, eating disorders, sleeping difficulties, emotion regulation difficulties and personality disorders. I am a specialist in providing individualised care and offering a flexible, tailor made approach to your difficulties.
I am an experienced specialist Clinical Psychologist with 20 years of NHS and private practice working with young people and adults with a range of emotional difficulties. I am able to offer clinical assessment followed by a bespoke treatment package for a range of emotional difficulties including anxiety disorders, autism, depression, anger problems, stress, relationship difficulties, adjustment, trauma, eating disorders, sleeping difficulties, emotion regulation difficulties and personality disorders. I am a specialist in providing individualised care and offering a flexible, tailor made approach to your difficulties.
01344 231736 View 01344 231736
Photo of Marta Rosa, Counsellor in Wokingham, England
Marta Rosa
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wokingham RG40
Waitlist for new clients
Let it be anxiety, depression, parenthood, general worries, grief or another specific theme that you have in mind, nothing is too little to be explored in therapy. Taking the first step towards entering therapy might not always be easy, being vulnerable in front of a stranger might be intimidating. My goal as a therapist is to give clients a safe, empathic, warm and non-judgemental space so that we can speak freely and you can have the psychological support you need, may this be in a short-term therapy concept or longer term.
Let it be anxiety, depression, parenthood, general worries, grief or another specific theme that you have in mind, nothing is too little to be explored in therapy. Taking the first step towards entering therapy might not always be easy, being vulnerable in front of a stranger might be intimidating. My goal as a therapist is to give clients a safe, empathic, warm and non-judgemental space so that we can speak freely and you can have the psychological support you need, may this be in a short-term therapy concept or longer term.
01344 959726 View 01344 959726
Photo of Monika Wisniewska, Psychologist in Wokingham, England
Monika Wisniewska
Psychologist, MA, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40
If you are thinking about finding a psychologist, chances are something difficult is going on in your life and it is getting harder and harder to deal with it. Unsatisfactory relationships, anxiety, not coping with stress, are very common reasons for getting in touch with me. Know that you don't have to go through these difficulties alone. I am a Polish psychologist in the UK and I offer consultations both, online and face to face in Reading and Slough in Berkshire. I specialise in working with people experiencing anxiety, life crises and who have difficulties with having a satisfactory like. I also offer consultations for parents.
If you are thinking about finding a psychologist, chances are something difficult is going on in your life and it is getting harder and harder to deal with it. Unsatisfactory relationships, anxiety, not coping with stress, are very common reasons for getting in touch with me. Know that you don't have to go through these difficulties alone. I am a Polish psychologist in the UK and I offer consultations both, online and face to face in Reading and Slough in Berkshire. I specialise in working with people experiencing anxiety, life crises and who have difficulties with having a satisfactory like. I also offer consultations for parents.
0118 230 8526 View 0118 230 8526
Photo of Dr Luke Bosdet, Psychologist in Wokingham, England
Dr Luke Bosdet
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40
My name is Dr Luke Bosdet and I am a Principal Clinical Psychologist registered with the Health Care Professions Council (HCPC). I provide private psychological therapy in Wokingham and online. I have worked in the NHS in psychologist roles since 2012 and now lead an NHS team that works with severe and enduring mental health issues. I have substantial experience and specialism from working with a large variety of mental health issues, from mild to severe, recent to longstanding, and I can help you understand what you may be struggling with and make changes for the better.
My name is Dr Luke Bosdet and I am a Principal Clinical Psychologist registered with the Health Care Professions Council (HCPC). I provide private psychological therapy in Wokingham and online. I have worked in the NHS in psychologist roles since 2012 and now lead an NHS team that works with severe and enduring mental health issues. I have substantial experience and specialism from working with a large variety of mental health issues, from mild to severe, recent to longstanding, and I can help you understand what you may be struggling with and make changes for the better.
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Photo of Kizzi Johannessen Bacp (Accrd), Counsellor in Wokingham, England
Kizzi Johannessen Bacp (Accrd)
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG41
When we are unable to manage our feelings by ourselves and find that they are affecting our relationships with others it is often the time to seek help from a counsellor. I aim to help you understand your patterns of relating to others which may help you to develop a greater understanding of yourself and what experiences might have shaped the way you are today. With this insight, together we can attempt to make positive changes to your life to enable you to become the best version of you.
When we are unable to manage our feelings by ourselves and find that they are affecting our relationships with others it is often the time to seek help from a counsellor. I aim to help you understand your patterns of relating to others which may help you to develop a greater understanding of yourself and what experiences might have shaped the way you are today. With this insight, together we can attempt to make positive changes to your life to enable you to become the best version of you.
07709 996510 View 07709 996510
Photo of Julie Scully, Psychotherapist in Wokingham, England
Julie Scully
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40
We can all at times experience life as challenging and stressful. Clients contact me for a variety of reasons including:partners of childhood sexual abuse survivors, anxiety, work stress, bereavement, depression, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, loss of direction as well as wellbeing for men. Couples also come to my practice. Some come to improve how they communicate, some wish to find a way through their current difficulties and to find a way forward, some wish to separate with compassion and understanding, whereas others come to keep their communication open via couple tune up sessions after the main therapy has ended.
We can all at times experience life as challenging and stressful. Clients contact me for a variety of reasons including:partners of childhood sexual abuse survivors, anxiety, work stress, bereavement, depression, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, loss of direction as well as wellbeing for men. Couples also come to my practice. Some come to improve how they communicate, some wish to find a way through their current difficulties and to find a way forward, some wish to separate with compassion and understanding, whereas others come to keep their communication open via couple tune up sessions after the main therapy has ended.
01344 595434 View 01344 595434
Photo of Sarah Boylan, Counsellor in Wokingham, England
Sarah Boylan
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40
I support clients who are experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties or who are struggling with a life event. I aim to build a therapeutic relationship with you that is unique to you and offers what you need. We would carefully work at a pace and depth governed by you, to explore coping strategies and understand what has gone on in the past, what is going wrong now and have the ultimate goal of empowering you to find greater control over your life and a different way forward to a better place.
I support clients who are experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties or who are struggling with a life event. I aim to build a therapeutic relationship with you that is unique to you and offers what you need. We would carefully work at a pace and depth governed by you, to explore coping strategies and understand what has gone on in the past, what is going wrong now and have the ultimate goal of empowering you to find greater control over your life and a different way forward to a better place.
01344 949612 View 01344 949612
Photo of Stacey Lees, Psychotherapist in Wokingham, England
Stacey Lees
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40
Not accepting new clients
Hello, welcome to my profile page; thank you for visiting. I am an integrative psychotherapist and I work with children, young people, adults and also offer parent reflective sessions. Seeking a therapist can be overwhelming, especially if you are new to therapy. It takes courage to take the first step and it is important that you find the right person for you. With compassion, curiosity, playfulness, and open-mindedness, I provide a safe and confidential environment for exploration of life challenges without judgment.
Hello, welcome to my profile page; thank you for visiting. I am an integrative psychotherapist and I work with children, young people, adults and also offer parent reflective sessions. Seeking a therapist can be overwhelming, especially if you are new to therapy. It takes courage to take the first step and it is important that you find the right person for you. With compassion, curiosity, playfulness, and open-mindedness, I provide a safe and confidential environment for exploration of life challenges without judgment.
0118 230 8564 View 0118 230 8564
Photo of Ryan Selby, Psychotherapist in Wokingham, England
Ryan Selby
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40
I am an integrative therapist which means I am not just limited to one approach when working, instead I choose several approaches depending on you and your situation. I am someone who can help create an environment where you can choose to talk about any topic you like as I am non-judgemental, caring and understanding. My previous experience with clients range from the ages of 11-55 in a variety of environments including charities, local councils and a prison, working with a range of different issues.
I am an integrative therapist which means I am not just limited to one approach when working, instead I choose several approaches depending on you and your situation. I am someone who can help create an environment where you can choose to talk about any topic you like as I am non-judgemental, caring and understanding. My previous experience with clients range from the ages of 11-55 in a variety of environments including charities, local councils and a prison, working with a range of different issues.
0118 230 5604 View 0118 230 5604
Photo of Laura Crossley, Counsellor in Wokingham, England
Laura Crossley
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40
I offer a warm, friendly and professional space to talk which I hope will provide you with a feeling of safety to be able to be honest and free from judgement. Whatever is troubling you, whether you are aware of what that is or not, I will walk with you through your journey of discovery. You may be feeling sad, anxious or depressed and need someone to help you feel truly heard: I am here for you.
I offer a warm, friendly and professional space to talk which I hope will provide you with a feeling of safety to be able to be honest and free from judgement. Whatever is troubling you, whether you are aware of what that is or not, I will walk with you through your journey of discovery. You may be feeling sad, anxious or depressed and need someone to help you feel truly heard: I am here for you.
01252 282724 View 01252 282724
Photo of Louise Watson, Psychologist in Wokingham, England
Louise Watson
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG41
I work with adults who are unhappy about something in their life and are ready to commit to positive change. Perhaps you are feeling low, worried or stressed out. Perhaps you have reached a turning point in your life and need some direction where to go next. Perhaps you are struggling to come to terms with a life crisis such as bereavement or redundancy, or experiencing problems in your relationship. Whatever it is that is concerning you, it may help to talk things through with a qualified professional who is focussed on you and your needs.
I work with adults who are unhappy about something in their life and are ready to commit to positive change. Perhaps you are feeling low, worried or stressed out. Perhaps you have reached a turning point in your life and need some direction where to go next. Perhaps you are struggling to come to terms with a life crisis such as bereavement or redundancy, or experiencing problems in your relationship. Whatever it is that is concerning you, it may help to talk things through with a qualified professional who is focussed on you and your needs.
0118 230 6100 View 0118 230 6100
Photo of Dr Clarabella Gray, Psychologist in Wokingham, England
Dr Clarabella Gray
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG41
I appreciate that people seek therapy for a variety of reasons and know this can feel daunting for many. My approach is warm, compassionate, and collaborative. This provides the trust and safety to address difficulties and work towards change. I value the individuality of each person I work with. I use this to explore how your life history and personal circumstances have influenced ways of thinking, feeling, and relating to others. I can support you to identify your goals for therapy and enhance your strengths to achieve these.
I appreciate that people seek therapy for a variety of reasons and know this can feel daunting for many. My approach is warm, compassionate, and collaborative. This provides the trust and safety to address difficulties and work towards change. I value the individuality of each person I work with. I use this to explore how your life history and personal circumstances have influenced ways of thinking, feeling, and relating to others. I can support you to identify your goals for therapy and enhance your strengths to achieve these.
0118 230 8558 View 0118 230 8558
Photo of Anna Mulcock, Counsellor in Wokingham, England
Anna Mulcock
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG41
All of us struggle at points in our life, disappointment, stress, loneliness, failure, self-esteem and relationship issues, to name only a few. I offer a safe, non-judgmental and confidential space to share your thoughts and issues. Our collaboration and relationship is key to the therapy taking place. Past experiences contribute to how we think, feel and behave today, resulting in negative outcomes. This awareness of our past can bring about new feelings and behaviours, allowing for change. I can help with work stress/marital issues/codependence/self-esteem/depression/bereavement/trust issues/life transitions and career changes.
All of us struggle at points in our life, disappointment, stress, loneliness, failure, self-esteem and relationship issues, to name only a few. I offer a safe, non-judgmental and confidential space to share your thoughts and issues. Our collaboration and relationship is key to the therapy taking place. Past experiences contribute to how we think, feel and behave today, resulting in negative outcomes. This awareness of our past can bring about new feelings and behaviours, allowing for change. I can help with work stress/marital issues/codependence/self-esteem/depression/bereavement/trust issues/life transitions and career changes.
0118 230 8587 View 0118 230 8587
Photo of Heidi James Muniko, Counsellor in Wokingham, England
Heidi James Muniko
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40
You may be someone who struggles with, feeling anxious, sad or depressed, un wanted or want to end your life, perhaps, marriage, parenting or relationships problems. feeling stuck, hopeless. There is a reason why you feel this way. You may be wanting to speak to someone for a long time but never really made a step forward? Great! I am happy to lead you through different number of modalities that will be perfect for your needs. I believe there is power in letting go of what has kept you captive. Try today, you don't have much to lose but everything to gain! Silence is known to be a killer of our happiness. call or email me today...
You may be someone who struggles with, feeling anxious, sad or depressed, un wanted or want to end your life, perhaps, marriage, parenting or relationships problems. feeling stuck, hopeless. There is a reason why you feel this way. You may be wanting to speak to someone for a long time but never really made a step forward? Great! I am happy to lead you through different number of modalities that will be perfect for your needs. I believe there is power in letting go of what has kept you captive. Try today, you don't have much to lose but everything to gain! Silence is known to be a killer of our happiness. call or email me today...
0118 230 0183 View 0118 230 0183
Photo of Julie Dawson, Counsellor in Wokingham, England
Julie Dawson
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40
Life is relationships, with others, objects, food, substances and with ourselves. I can support you to explore and understand difficulties in all your relationships. Helping you to develop a healthy communication style and set healthy boundaries within your relationships, building relationships built on respect, trust and kindness. When we live holding our thoughts and feelings inside we can become anxious, depressed or angry. My hope is to support you to say what is important to you and to talk from the heart. When we are able to say what we think and feel, we feel heard and seen but most importantly, we feel connected to others.
Life is relationships, with others, objects, food, substances and with ourselves. I can support you to explore and understand difficulties in all your relationships. Helping you to develop a healthy communication style and set healthy boundaries within your relationships, building relationships built on respect, trust and kindness. When we live holding our thoughts and feelings inside we can become anxious, depressed or angry. My hope is to support you to say what is important to you and to talk from the heart. When we are able to say what we think and feel, we feel heard and seen but most importantly, we feel connected to others.
0118 230 2458 View 0118 230 2458
Photo of Dr Priya Jaspal, Psychologist in Wokingham, England
Dr Priya Jaspal
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wokingham RG41
Not accepting new clients
I am a Chartered Counselling Psychologist with a decade of experience working with Mental Health. I have worked with children, adults and couples throughout the years. Alongside my private clinic, I also work within the NHS delivering individual and group DBT to adults that present with personality disorders. My approach is integrative, meaning that different approaches to your well-being are combined, depending on your needs and no single approach necessarily suits everyone. I will explore all aspects of your being to tailor a therapy that works best for you and your needs.
I am a Chartered Counselling Psychologist with a decade of experience working with Mental Health. I have worked with children, adults and couples throughout the years. Alongside my private clinic, I also work within the NHS delivering individual and group DBT to adults that present with personality disorders. My approach is integrative, meaning that different approaches to your well-being are combined, depending on your needs and no single approach necessarily suits everyone. I will explore all aspects of your being to tailor a therapy that works best for you and your needs.
0118 230 0059 View 0118 230 0059
Photo of Dr Lisa Da Silva, Psychologist in Wokingham, England
Dr Lisa Da Silva
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40  (Online Only)
I am a compassionate and caring psychologist with over 12 years experience working for the NHS in various settings including Clinical Health, Occupational Health, Women's Health, Primary Care and Secondary Care Services. This means I can provide an individual client focused approach to the difficulties you are facing.​
I am a compassionate and caring psychologist with over 12 years experience working for the NHS in various settings including Clinical Health, Occupational Health, Women's Health, Primary Care and Secondary Care Services. This means I can provide an individual client focused approach to the difficulties you are facing.​
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Photo of Dee Smart, Psychotherapist in Wokingham, England
Dee Smart
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40
My specialism is working with Couples and Families. My aim is to help you work through issues and resolve past and/or current conflicts. Each person has their own perception of what has gone wrong in the family or relationship and you are given time and space to explore and express these thoughts and feelings without blame or recrimination from others. I offer you a safe and neutral space in the presence of your loved one(s) for you to claim your identity and step into your true potential.
My specialism is working with Couples and Families. My aim is to help you work through issues and resolve past and/or current conflicts. Each person has their own perception of what has gone wrong in the family or relationship and you are given time and space to explore and express these thoughts and feelings without blame or recrimination from others. I offer you a safe and neutral space in the presence of your loved one(s) for you to claim your identity and step into your true potential.
01344 567278 View 01344 567278
Photo of Nicole Flanagan, Counsellor in Wokingham, England
Nicole Flanagan
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Wokingham RG40  (Online Only)
Perhaps in your day-to-day life you’re feeling overwhelmed and anxious and your mind is consumed by so many different thoughts. Do you feel misunderstood by those around you and like no one can possibly understand what’s going on inside your head? I understand the impact anxiety is having on your life and I can tell you that it is possible to quieten your mind and find peace with the right support. I offer a warm, laid back, non-judgmental space where I offer easy to use tools and techniques as well as having a space to be heard, and together we will look to identify the root cause.
Perhaps in your day-to-day life you’re feeling overwhelmed and anxious and your mind is consumed by so many different thoughts. Do you feel misunderstood by those around you and like no one can possibly understand what’s going on inside your head? I understand the impact anxiety is having on your life and I can tell you that it is possible to quieten your mind and find peace with the right support. I offer a warm, laid back, non-judgmental space where I offer easy to use tools and techniques as well as having a space to be heard, and together we will look to identify the root cause.
0118 230 5828 View 0118 230 5828

See more therapy options for Wokingham

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Wokingham

60+

Average cost per session

£65

Counsellors in Wokingham who prioritize treating:

93% Self Esteem
91% Anxiety
88% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
84% Stress
63% Bereavement
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aviva
71% AXA PPP
71% Vitality

How Counsellors in Wokingham see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

93% Female
6% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Wokingham?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.