Photo of Iain McNulty-Ringshaw, Counsellor in Hove, England
Iain McNulty-Ringshaw
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
Hello! My name is Iain and I work as a counsellor on line and in person across Sussex in multiple locations. I have experience of working with all age groups including teens, young adults and mature clients. I am an integrative humanistic counsellor, with the ability (and experience) to pull on other modalities to support the journey of my clients whom I work with in a relaxed, non-judgemental and confidential environment. It is very much us the working together as a team. I have a strong belief in the long-term benefits of counselling and therapy and having experienced my own positive, personal journey.
Hello! My name is Iain and I work as a counsellor on line and in person across Sussex in multiple locations. I have experience of working with all age groups including teens, young adults and mature clients. I am an integrative humanistic counsellor, with the ability (and experience) to pull on other modalities to support the journey of my clients whom I work with in a relaxed, non-judgemental and confidential environment. It is very much us the working together as a team. I have a strong belief in the long-term benefits of counselling and therapy and having experienced my own positive, personal journey.
01273 092541 View 01273 092541
Photo of Dr Evangelia (Eva) Karydi, Psychologist in Hove, England
Dr Evangelia (Eva) Karydi
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hove BN3
I am a qualified Counselling Psychologist and certified Schema Therapist with experience of working with people with a wide range of issues within the NHS, private sector and other services in the UK and Greece. I have trained in different therapeutic models and I adopt an integrative approach in my work. I specialise in Schema Therapy, attachment-based psychodynamic therapy, Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) and CBT. While I am informed by evidence-based therapies, I also integrate elements from various experiential approaches, such Voice Dialogue, Internal Family systems (IFS) and Psychodrama. I am also trained in EMDR.
I am a qualified Counselling Psychologist and certified Schema Therapist with experience of working with people with a wide range of issues within the NHS, private sector and other services in the UK and Greece. I have trained in different therapeutic models and I adopt an integrative approach in my work. I specialise in Schema Therapy, attachment-based psychodynamic therapy, Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) and CBT. While I am informed by evidence-based therapies, I also integrate elements from various experiential approaches, such Voice Dialogue, Internal Family systems (IFS) and Psychodrama. I am also trained in EMDR.
01903 497335 View 01903 497335
Photo of Starling Counselling & Psychotherapy , Counsellor in Hove, England
Starling Counselling & Psychotherapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
Thanks for stopping at my profile. I'm a qualified Psychotherapist & member of the BACP, UKCP & EMDR Association UK, based in Hove, Worthing & Haywards Heath (and online). I offer a compassionate, non-judgemental & empathic stance, and challenge where appropriate. My role is to help you understand the issues you bring to therapy, including your past experiences, determining patterns that haven't served you well & the reasons behind your distress. I assist you in altering unhelpful patterns to alleviate your emotional pain & work towards making the life changes that you want, while gaining more positive experiences of the world.
Thanks for stopping at my profile. I'm a qualified Psychotherapist & member of the BACP, UKCP & EMDR Association UK, based in Hove, Worthing & Haywards Heath (and online). I offer a compassionate, non-judgemental & empathic stance, and challenge where appropriate. My role is to help you understand the issues you bring to therapy, including your past experiences, determining patterns that haven't served you well & the reasons behind your distress. I assist you in altering unhelpful patterns to alleviate your emotional pain & work towards making the life changes that you want, while gaining more positive experiences of the world.
01273 005039 View 01273 005039
Photo of Catherine Pitfield, Psychologist in Hove, England
Catherine Pitfield
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
Hello, I’m Catherine and I’m a registered Clinical Psychologist, specialising in child and family work. I qualified with a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from the University of East London in 2013, and have been working within the NHS, at Great Ormond Street Hospital, and privately with children and families since. I specialise in working with children and families to overcome difficulties and reach their preferred futures. I have expertise in working with children and families in Child and Adolescent Mental Health settings, Paediatrics and Schools.
Hello, I’m Catherine and I’m a registered Clinical Psychologist, specialising in child and family work. I qualified with a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from the University of East London in 2013, and have been working within the NHS, at Great Ormond Street Hospital, and privately with children and families since. I specialise in working with children and families to overcome difficulties and reach their preferred futures. I have expertise in working with children and families in Child and Adolescent Mental Health settings, Paediatrics and Schools.
01273 036112 View 01273 036112
Photo of Rob Furness, Counsellor in Hove, England
Rob Furness
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hove BN3
Life can be hard at times. You might be feeling overwhelmed. Or you might have lost your sense of connection and purpose in life. I offer a supportive relationship where you can talk through your challenges. It could be a difficult life situation, or how you feel day to day. Counselling is a space for you, and we can explore what you need together.
Life can be hard at times. You might be feeling overwhelmed. Or you might have lost your sense of connection and purpose in life. I offer a supportive relationship where you can talk through your challenges. It could be a difficult life situation, or how you feel day to day. Counselling is a space for you, and we can explore what you need together.
01273 092661 View 01273 092661
Photo of Julian Moorman, Psychotherapist in Hove, England
Julian Moorman
Psychotherapist, MSc, ACP
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
I have substantial experience working with children and young people of all ages and their parents. I am licenced to work with young people up to the age of 25. I am able to work with young people presenting with a wide range of difficulties, including anxiety, depression, peer relationship difficulties, school issues, behavioural difficulties, anger outbursts, emotional regulation issues, low self-esteem, trauma, bereavement, separation anxiety, eating disorders, and gender identity issues, amongst others.
I have substantial experience working with children and young people of all ages and their parents. I am licenced to work with young people up to the age of 25. I am able to work with young people presenting with a wide range of difficulties, including anxiety, depression, peer relationship difficulties, school issues, behavioural difficulties, anger outbursts, emotional regulation issues, low self-esteem, trauma, bereavement, separation anxiety, eating disorders, and gender identity issues, amongst others.
01798 305228 View 01798 305228
Photo of Gosia Vitale, Psychotherapist in Hove, England
Gosia Vitale
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hove BN3
Not accepting new clients
At different stages in our lives, we encounter difficulties that prevent us from fully enjoying life. It can be anything from anxiety and depression, to the loss of a person (through death or relationship breakdown), to deeply rooted emotional issues (such as low self-esteem or inability to form relationships). Other times, we are unable to fully explain what is troubling us - we just know that something is. Asking for help can be difficult - finding the right kind of help and support can be more challenging. With each person and difficulty being unique, I tailor my approach to suit each client's needs and communication style.
At different stages in our lives, we encounter difficulties that prevent us from fully enjoying life. It can be anything from anxiety and depression, to the loss of a person (through death or relationship breakdown), to deeply rooted emotional issues (such as low self-esteem or inability to form relationships). Other times, we are unable to fully explain what is troubling us - we just know that something is. Asking for help can be difficult - finding the right kind of help and support can be more challenging. With each person and difficulty being unique, I tailor my approach to suit each client's needs and communication style.
01273 032461 View 01273 032461
Photo of Nathalie Mineau, Counsellor in Hove, England
Nathalie Mineau
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
I am a Humanistic Counsellor and a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner. I believe that even when faced with what may seem to be insurmountable difficulties, we all have the capacity to heal, recover from the traumatic experiences we may have faced, and live life more fully. Taking the first step on a healing journey can be challenging but finding the right therapist that you can trust and feel comfortable with can make all the difference in helping you move forward and feel safe and supported in exploring the issues you want to work with.
I am a Humanistic Counsellor and a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner. I believe that even when faced with what may seem to be insurmountable difficulties, we all have the capacity to heal, recover from the traumatic experiences we may have faced, and live life more fully. Taking the first step on a healing journey can be challenging but finding the right therapist that you can trust and feel comfortable with can make all the difference in helping you move forward and feel safe and supported in exploring the issues you want to work with.
01273 092180 View 01273 092180
Photo of Genevieve Marie-Claire Picquart, Psychotherapist in Hove, England
Genevieve Marie-Claire Picquart
Psychotherapist, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
Hello, I have 32 years experience with one to one Counselling/ Psychotherapy, Couples Therapy, sex Therapy and Clinical Supervision And am Senior Accredited with BACP. I strongly believe that we have a lot more power than we think to heal ourselves . To come and see me, all you have to do is make an appointment with me and we have an assessment session.My specialisations are: anxiety. Self esteem, depression, panic attacks, divorce, separation, bereavement, addiction ( drug, alcohol, gambling, sex addiction etc...), mariage preparation, relationship difficulties ,productive communication, personal development,
Hello, I have 32 years experience with one to one Counselling/ Psychotherapy, Couples Therapy, sex Therapy and Clinical Supervision And am Senior Accredited with BACP. I strongly believe that we have a lot more power than we think to heal ourselves . To come and see me, all you have to do is make an appointment with me and we have an assessment session.My specialisations are: anxiety. Self esteem, depression, panic attacks, divorce, separation, bereavement, addiction ( drug, alcohol, gambling, sex addiction etc...), mariage preparation, relationship difficulties ,productive communication, personal development,
01273 032529 View 01273 032529
Photo of Dr Ella Davey - The Women's Therapist , Psychologist in Hove, England
Dr Ella Davey - The Women's Therapist
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, CPsychol
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hove BN3
I specialise in working with women with issues such as relationship difficulties, low self-esteem, work-related stress, fertility, menopause, bereavement, divorce, anxiety, depression or simply a deep sense that something isn't quite right. Are you feeling adrift, frustrated, or misunderstood? Do you feel your needs, desires, or personal boundaries are less important than those of others? Do you struggle to feel pleasure or personal pride, ending up feeling hurt without really knowing why? If so, I understand you and I can help you to feel safe, heard, grounded, insightful and equipped - not just to manage in life, but to thrive.
I specialise in working with women with issues such as relationship difficulties, low self-esteem, work-related stress, fertility, menopause, bereavement, divorce, anxiety, depression or simply a deep sense that something isn't quite right. Are you feeling adrift, frustrated, or misunderstood? Do you feel your needs, desires, or personal boundaries are less important than those of others? Do you struggle to feel pleasure or personal pride, ending up feeling hurt without really knowing why? If so, I understand you and I can help you to feel safe, heard, grounded, insightful and equipped - not just to manage in life, but to thrive.
01273 032531 View 01273 032531
Photo of Jeff Hemmings, Counsellor in Hove, England
Jeff Hemmings
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
We can all experience times in our lives where the strength of our emotions and life's difficulties can be overwhelming. Counselling is a really useful way to help us make sense of these emotions and issues, so bringing us fresh understanding and peace. From my own personal experience, I understand just how important it is to be heard and understood. I provide an opportunity for you to talk about what's troubling you without judgment. Just saying out loud what's going on can be a relief. And by doing so it can help you to work out what's really bothering you and together we can explore ways to do something about it.
We can all experience times in our lives where the strength of our emotions and life's difficulties can be overwhelming. Counselling is a really useful way to help us make sense of these emotions and issues, so bringing us fresh understanding and peace. From my own personal experience, I understand just how important it is to be heard and understood. I provide an opportunity for you to talk about what's troubling you without judgment. Just saying out loud what's going on can be a relief. And by doing so it can help you to work out what's really bothering you and together we can explore ways to do something about it.
01273 092702 View 01273 092702
Photo of Phoenix Therapy Practice, Psychotherapist in Hove, England
Phoenix Therapy Practice
Psychotherapist, PhD, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
We are a not for profit therapy service offering free initial consultations where we think with you in depth about your difficulties and your needs. This is followed, if you wish it, by referral to one of our 40 counsellors and therapists. We provide a range of services for those with mild, moderate and severe difficulties including depression, anxiety, phobias, relationship difficulties, early trauma, self harm, gender issues, domestic violence, unresolved grief and personality disorder. We offer individual counselling, psychotherapy and couples therapy. We see adults and children. 8 week Mindfulness Course starting January.
We are a not for profit therapy service offering free initial consultations where we think with you in depth about your difficulties and your needs. This is followed, if you wish it, by referral to one of our 40 counsellors and therapists. We provide a range of services for those with mild, moderate and severe difficulties including depression, anxiety, phobias, relationship difficulties, early trauma, self harm, gender issues, domestic violence, unresolved grief and personality disorder. We offer individual counselling, psychotherapy and couples therapy. We see adults and children. 8 week Mindfulness Course starting January.
01273 034691 View 01273 034691
Photo of Sally Hill, Psychologist in Hove, England
Sally Hill
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
My main focus is always on creating a safe therapeutic relationship where we can think creatively together about the difficulties you might be facing. I particularly enjoy working with neurodivergent young people and adults, exploring together how they experience the world. I work predominantly from a trauma-informed perspective and a lot of my work with neurodivergent families focusses on the parent-child relationship.
My main focus is always on creating a safe therapeutic relationship where we can think creatively together about the difficulties you might be facing. I particularly enjoy working with neurodivergent young people and adults, exploring together how they experience the world. I work predominantly from a trauma-informed perspective and a lot of my work with neurodivergent families focusses on the parent-child relationship.
01273 092392 View 01273 092392
Photo of Dr John Burns, Psychologist in Hove, England
Dr John Burns
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
I am a warm and compassionate Consultant Clinical Psychologist registered with the British Psychological Society, Health and Care Professions Council, and the British Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies.
 I have over 15 years experience in the NHS and have worked in various positions and different contexts, working with adults and young people. My most recent post was as a Consultant Clinical Psychologist working across three prisons in Surrey. I have extensive experience of providing psychological therapy, draw on the latest evidence, and tailor the therapy to your current needs and presenting difficulties.
I am a warm and compassionate Consultant Clinical Psychologist registered with the British Psychological Society, Health and Care Professions Council, and the British Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies.
 I have over 15 years experience in the NHS and have worked in various positions and different contexts, working with adults and young people. My most recent post was as a Consultant Clinical Psychologist working across three prisons in Surrey. I have extensive experience of providing psychological therapy, draw on the latest evidence, and tailor the therapy to your current needs and presenting difficulties.
View
Photo of Stephanie Collins, Psychologist in Hove, England
Stephanie Collins
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
Trauma seems to be the buzz word of the moment but, most adults have experienced a trauma of some kind during their life, which has had a major impact on how they feel or behave? I have worked with many people who appear to be experiencing existential crises (“Who am I?” “I don’t even know who I am!”) and for whom the mask has dropped after many years of appearing to function well in their lives.
Trauma seems to be the buzz word of the moment but, most adults have experienced a trauma of some kind during their life, which has had a major impact on how they feel or behave? I have worked with many people who appear to be experiencing existential crises (“Who am I?” “I don’t even know who I am!”) and for whom the mask has dropped after many years of appearing to function well in their lives.
01273 099080 View 01273 099080
Photo of Philippa Rustom Patel, Psychotherapist in Hove, England
Philippa Rustom Patel
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
If you are looking for someone to discuss issues affecting your well-being or preventing you from leading a fulfilling and rewarding life, psychotherapy or counselling can help bring about the changes you want to make. You may decide you need only a few sessions to deal with concerns that have begun to dominate and disrupt your life, or you may want longer term psychotherapy/counselling. The aim of therapy is to create an atmosphere of safety, in which exploration, understanding and growth can flourish.
If you are looking for someone to discuss issues affecting your well-being or preventing you from leading a fulfilling and rewarding life, psychotherapy or counselling can help bring about the changes you want to make. You may decide you need only a few sessions to deal with concerns that have begun to dominate and disrupt your life, or you may want longer term psychotherapy/counselling. The aim of therapy is to create an atmosphere of safety, in which exploration, understanding and growth can flourish.
01903 947237 View 01903 947237
Photo of Donna Goodman, Psychotherapist in Hove, England
Donna Goodman
Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
I'm both a BABCP accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and HCPC registered Art Psychotherapist- Are you finding that you've stopped doing the things you enjoy, lost sense of pleasure and motivation? Are you finding yourself thinking and feeling negatively about everything? Is it making you feel stressed, worried and exhausted? If this resonates with you please do get in contact. I offer a free initial telephone call to discuss what the main struggles are and what you want to change. Together we'll work out the next steps to you feeling better.
I'm both a BABCP accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist and HCPC registered Art Psychotherapist- Are you finding that you've stopped doing the things you enjoy, lost sense of pleasure and motivation? Are you finding yourself thinking and feeling negatively about everything? Is it making you feel stressed, worried and exhausted? If this resonates with you please do get in contact. I offer a free initial telephone call to discuss what the main struggles are and what you want to change. Together we'll work out the next steps to you feeling better.
01273 092023 View 01273 092023
Photo of Alison Thorpe, Counsellor in Hove, England
Alison Thorpe
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
Very warm and approachable counsellor, working with stuckness, feelings of failure, inner critic/self sabotage, procrastination, depression and low self esteem (and other issues too). I also have a lot of experience working with trauma - childhood experiences (sexual & physical abuse, neglect, not being seen, treated cruelly, preoccupied parents, chaotic parents, emotionally unavailable parents etc) as well as adult life experiences that have been traumatic. I have personal experience of working through childhood trauma using "Focusing".
Very warm and approachable counsellor, working with stuckness, feelings of failure, inner critic/self sabotage, procrastination, depression and low self esteem (and other issues too). I also have a lot of experience working with trauma - childhood experiences (sexual & physical abuse, neglect, not being seen, treated cruelly, preoccupied parents, chaotic parents, emotionally unavailable parents etc) as well as adult life experiences that have been traumatic. I have personal experience of working through childhood trauma using "Focusing".
020 3826 8831 View 020 3826 8831
Photo of Valentina Enis Counselling, Counsellor in Hove, England
Valentina Enis Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
I believe that it's through a secure therapeutic relationship that an individual can gain self awareness, insight and a deeper understanding of their feelings and concerns to grow, to re engage in life and move forward to reach their full potential.
I believe that it's through a secure therapeutic relationship that an individual can gain self awareness, insight and a deeper understanding of their feelings and concerns to grow, to re engage in life and move forward to reach their full potential.
020 4538 0895 View 020 4538 0895
Photo of Catriona Homer, Counsellor in Hove, England
Catriona Homer
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Hove BN3
Many people find themselves continually repeating familiar patterns of behaviour and attracting the same problems in their lives. If this has been your cycle, you are not alone, and it is ok to ask for support. Many clients come to me because they have a desire to change yet have been able to make these changes themselves. I have no magical ability to heal anyone or change their life, however I can help you to process how you are feeling, help you to find new perspectives, and can pass on insights and concepts that may help to make sense of your problems, so you can develop the capacity to become your own healer.
Many people find themselves continually repeating familiar patterns of behaviour and attracting the same problems in their lives. If this has been your cycle, you are not alone, and it is ok to ask for support. Many clients come to me because they have a desire to change yet have been able to make these changes themselves. I have no magical ability to heal anyone or change their life, however I can help you to process how you are feeling, help you to find new perspectives, and can pass on insights and concepts that may help to make sense of your problems, so you can develop the capacity to become your own healer.
01273 092035 View 01273 092035

See more therapy options for Hove

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Hove

200+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Hove who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
91% Depression
88% Self Esteem
84% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% Aviva
58% AXA PPP
46% Bupa

How Counsellors in Hove see their clients

94% In Person and Online
6% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Hove?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.