Counselling in Bristol

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Photo of Jessica Hunter, Psychologist in Bristol, England
Jessica Hunter
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Bristol BS32
Waitlist for new clients
I am a clinical psychologist with substantial experience of working with individuals with personality difficulties (with or without a formal diagnosis of personality disorder), PTSD, and complex trauma. Other areas of clinical expertise include anxiety, burnout, low self-esteem, dissociation and low mood. In therapy I aim to bring compassion to the ways people have learned to cope with adversity and emotional pain. I welcome anyone who is looking to understand themselves and their coping styles better, and/or is seeking ways to break cycles and gain new skills to help them move forwards in their lives.
I am a clinical psychologist with substantial experience of working with individuals with personality difficulties (with or without a formal diagnosis of personality disorder), PTSD, and complex trauma. Other areas of clinical expertise include anxiety, burnout, low self-esteem, dissociation and low mood. In therapy I aim to bring compassion to the ways people have learned to cope with adversity and emotional pain. I welcome anyone who is looking to understand themselves and their coping styles better, and/or is seeking ways to break cycles and gain new skills to help them move forwards in their lives.
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Photo of Jaime Reininho, Psychotherapist in Bristol, England
Jaime Reininho
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Bristol BS8
Are you suffering with anxiety, panic, depression, stress? Having relationship problems? Struggling with low confidence or self-esteem? Are you angry, irritable, short-tempered, or generally unhappy? Is your mind full of negativity that just doesn't go away? Confused, lost, overwhelmed, unable to concentrate or make decisions? Perhaps you could benefit from professional help. Asking for help is sometimes hard to do - perhaps you see this as a sign of weakness or failure. Sometimes we can't solve everything on our own. It's OK to ask for help. Admitting you have a problem is a sign of strength.
Are you suffering with anxiety, panic, depression, stress? Having relationship problems? Struggling with low confidence or self-esteem? Are you angry, irritable, short-tempered, or generally unhappy? Is your mind full of negativity that just doesn't go away? Confused, lost, overwhelmed, unable to concentrate or make decisions? Perhaps you could benefit from professional help. Asking for help is sometimes hard to do - perhaps you see this as a sign of weakness or failure. Sometimes we can't solve everything on our own. It's OK to ask for help. Admitting you have a problem is a sign of strength.
0117 463 7121 View 0117 463 7121
Photo of Marium Akhund, Counsellor in Bristol, England
Marium Akhund
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS16
Looking for a therapist can be an overwhelming experience; however, it is already a good step in your journey. You may be needing to be listened to or seeking support for a particular challenge. Emotional pain and mental distress need a space to be explored and processed and therapy can offer a safe environment for this.Counseling and psychotherapy can provide an opportunity to be in a safe space where you can be listened to by someone who is unbiased and non-judgmental. By sharing your story and your experiences, and building trust and openness in the relationship with your therapist, we can attempt to gain deeper understanding.
Looking for a therapist can be an overwhelming experience; however, it is already a good step in your journey. You may be needing to be listened to or seeking support for a particular challenge. Emotional pain and mental distress need a space to be explored and processed and therapy can offer a safe environment for this.Counseling and psychotherapy can provide an opportunity to be in a safe space where you can be listened to by someone who is unbiased and non-judgmental. By sharing your story and your experiences, and building trust and openness in the relationship with your therapist, we can attempt to gain deeper understanding.
01275 409780 View 01275 409780
Photo of Monika Frise, Psychotherapist in Bristol, England
Monika Frise
Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
Bristol BS2
I believe that every client is unique, and their experiences, challenges, and needs are equally distinct. My approach is to cultivate an inclusive and collaborative environment where we can explore and address whatever issues or concerns you choose to bring forward. Together, we will navigate your journey towards growth, understanding, and fulfilment, tailored specifically to your circumstances and aspirations.
I believe that every client is unique, and their experiences, challenges, and needs are equally distinct. My approach is to cultivate an inclusive and collaborative environment where we can explore and address whatever issues or concerns you choose to bring forward. Together, we will navigate your journey towards growth, understanding, and fulfilment, tailored specifically to your circumstances and aspirations.
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Photo of Finn Buchanan, Counsellor in Bristol, England
Finn Buchanan
Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS5
When events in life are overwhelming we can feel frozen, scattered or out of connection with ourselves. Coping mechanisms which served us at one point can become redundant & damaging, leaving us stuck in patterns of self destructive behaviour.
When events in life are overwhelming we can feel frozen, scattered or out of connection with ourselves. Coping mechanisms which served us at one point can become redundant & damaging, leaving us stuck in patterns of self destructive behaviour.
0117 463 7129 View 0117 463 7129
Photo of Jimi D Katsis, Psychotherapist in Bristol, England
Jimi D Katsis
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS1  (Online Only)
Have you decided to change the feelings and behaviours that stop you from living a life you want to live? Have you had enough of living with the crushing effects of anxiety and depression, dragging around the weight of your past? Do you finally feel ready to tackle the intrusive thoughts and negativity that seem to have a life of their own, impacting every decision you try to make? Are you carrying the weight of family dysfunction and trauma and are prepared to commit to a programme that will help you change how you think, feel and react?
Have you decided to change the feelings and behaviours that stop you from living a life you want to live? Have you had enough of living with the crushing effects of anxiety and depression, dragging around the weight of your past? Do you finally feel ready to tackle the intrusive thoughts and negativity that seem to have a life of their own, impacting every decision you try to make? Are you carrying the weight of family dysfunction and trauma and are prepared to commit to a programme that will help you change how you think, feel and react?
0117 463 6831 View 0117 463 6831
Photo of Colin Brown, Counsellor in Bristol, England
Colin Brown
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Bristol BS34
It’s when you sense, or realise, that things can’t remain the same and yet you feel frozen, unable to act, and you don’t know what to do. A personal crisis might leave you feeling powerless and anxious. Then you find that the ways in which you generally deal with problems aren’t working: the people you’d usually turn to for support aren’t enough, they might be too involved with the issues you’re facing. You might also feel unwell. It’s not uncommon to feel anxious, depressed or emotionally fragile. This is when counselling can help. I offer Face to Face, Walk and Talk, Online and Telephone Counselling.
It’s when you sense, or realise, that things can’t remain the same and yet you feel frozen, unable to act, and you don’t know what to do. A personal crisis might leave you feeling powerless and anxious. Then you find that the ways in which you generally deal with problems aren’t working: the people you’d usually turn to for support aren’t enough, they might be too involved with the issues you’re facing. You might also feel unwell. It’s not uncommon to feel anxious, depressed or emotionally fragile. This is when counselling can help. I offer Face to Face, Walk and Talk, Online and Telephone Counselling.
0117 463 0029 View 0117 463 0029
Photo of Hannah Stewart, Psychotherapist in Bristol, England
Hannah Stewart
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS3
Psychotherapy deals with current problems. You may come because of a particular relationship issue or you may not be sure exactly what the problem is but find yourself repeating painful or limiting patterns in life. It may only be through talking to someone that you gain an understanding of what you want to work on. Therapy can be a gradual unfolding process where you have the opportunity to understand how you have become the person you are. This may include talking about how the past has influenced you, exploring your relationships then and now and the way you respond to your life as it is.
Psychotherapy deals with current problems. You may come because of a particular relationship issue or you may not be sure exactly what the problem is but find yourself repeating painful or limiting patterns in life. It may only be through talking to someone that you gain an understanding of what you want to work on. Therapy can be a gradual unfolding process where you have the opportunity to understand how you have become the person you are. This may include talking about how the past has influenced you, exploring your relationships then and now and the way you respond to your life as it is.
01275 402869 View 01275 402869
Photo of Dayana Eastwood, Counsellor in Bristol, England
Dayana Eastwood
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS7
Not accepting new clients
If there's something you want to understand better or change, I can help you move from feeling confused, stuck or overwhelmed to a place where things make sense, there’s a way forward, and you feel in charge of your life. Feeling stressed, burnt out, anxious or depressed are some of the most common reasons people seek therapy, but there may be many reasons; some challenges feel hard to pin down or are a quiet, niggling sense that builds up over time. Or perhaps you have experienced a major life change or event and feel you need some support as you find a new way through.
If there's something you want to understand better or change, I can help you move from feeling confused, stuck or overwhelmed to a place where things make sense, there’s a way forward, and you feel in charge of your life. Feeling stressed, burnt out, anxious or depressed are some of the most common reasons people seek therapy, but there may be many reasons; some challenges feel hard to pin down or are a quiet, niggling sense that builds up over time. Or perhaps you have experienced a major life change or event and feel you need some support as you find a new way through.
0117 463 8388 View 0117 463 8388
Photo of Emmy Lathom, Counsellor in Bristol, England
Emmy Lathom
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS15  (Online Only)
I believe the foundation of effective counselling is to ensure that a good therapeutic relationship is developed and that clients feel empowered throughout the therapeutic process. As a neurodivergent therapist, I understand the importance of a welcoming, accepting, and non-judgmental space.
I believe the foundation of effective counselling is to ensure that a good therapeutic relationship is developed and that clients feel empowered throughout the therapeutic process. As a neurodivergent therapist, I understand the importance of a welcoming, accepting, and non-judgmental space.
0117 463 5217 View 0117 463 5217
Photo of Elise Bird, Counsellor in Bristol, England
Elise Bird
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Bristol BS5  (Online Only)
I am a qualified integrative therapist with a person-centred ethos, offering a grounded, warm and down-to-earth approach. My role is to create a safe, non-judgemental space for you to explore and navigate the difficulties you might be experiencing in a way that makes you feel heard, valued and understood. Wherever you’re at, that is where I will meet you. We will go at your pace, and collaborate in finding the best way forward for you to make sense of your experience and find authenticity, acceptance, awareness and the confidence to change.
I am a qualified integrative therapist with a person-centred ethos, offering a grounded, warm and down-to-earth approach. My role is to create a safe, non-judgemental space for you to explore and navigate the difficulties you might be experiencing in a way that makes you feel heard, valued and understood. Wherever you’re at, that is where I will meet you. We will go at your pace, and collaborate in finding the best way forward for you to make sense of your experience and find authenticity, acceptance, awareness and the confidence to change.
0117 463 0787 View 0117 463 0787
Photo of Katie Payne, Counsellor in Bristol, England
Katie Payne
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS2
I believe that choosing counselling can be a vital and radical act of self care. The counselling relationship is like no other. I am here for you to explore what is getting in the way of feeling fulfilled. Maybe you have had difficult experiences in the past which are impacting on your present and how you see your future. Perhaps you don't feel in control of your emotional responses and wonder why they happen. Together we can figure out what is going on for you and find new ways to understand your experiences. I'm not here to fix you but to help you access hope.
I believe that choosing counselling can be a vital and radical act of self care. The counselling relationship is like no other. I am here for you to explore what is getting in the way of feeling fulfilled. Maybe you have had difficult experiences in the past which are impacting on your present and how you see your future. Perhaps you don't feel in control of your emotional responses and wonder why they happen. Together we can figure out what is going on for you and find new ways to understand your experiences. I'm not here to fix you but to help you access hope.
0117 463 5156 View 0117 463 5156
Photo of Susannah Gill, Psychotherapist in Bristol, England
Susannah Gill
Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
Bristol BS6
Not accepting new clients
Psychotherapy is a rare invitation to truth - a place to explore your self and your story, make sense of why you feel the way you do and ask how you might meet life's challenges in a more authentic, meaningful and fulfilling way. My approach is integrative, creative and embodied. It considers who you are and what happened to you, as well as what your heart desires. As a relational therapist, I also put your experience with me in therapy at the heart of our work together.
Psychotherapy is a rare invitation to truth - a place to explore your self and your story, make sense of why you feel the way you do and ask how you might meet life's challenges in a more authentic, meaningful and fulfilling way. My approach is integrative, creative and embodied. It considers who you are and what happened to you, as well as what your heart desires. As a relational therapist, I also put your experience with me in therapy at the heart of our work together.
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Photo of Tom Abbott, Counsellor in Bristol, England
Tom Abbott
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS5  (Online Only)
What brings you to counselling could be any number of reasons: You may have experienced the loss of a loved one; perhaps your life is in such chaos you can no longer see the forest for the trees; or, you may simply wish to look at yourself and your patterns of behaviour in a clearer light. What I offer is a space for you to come to terms with your life, free of judgement, so that you can live it to the fullest.
What brings you to counselling could be any number of reasons: You may have experienced the loss of a loved one; perhaps your life is in such chaos you can no longer see the forest for the trees; or, you may simply wish to look at yourself and your patterns of behaviour in a clearer light. What I offer is a space for you to come to terms with your life, free of judgement, so that you can live it to the fullest.
0117 463 5738 View 0117 463 5738
Photo of Kaur Therapy Services, Psychotherapist in Bristol, England
Kaur Therapy Services
Psychotherapist, MSc, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Bristol BS2
If you are feeling anxious, depressed or confused about your current situation, we will work collaboratively to gain further insight on how you are affected by this. In time you will have a better understanding of how to manage these concerns and arrive at a satisfactory resolution. Having worked in mental health for 23 years, I have gained specialist knowledge and experience of working with an extensive range of presenting issues. I trained as a humanistic/person-centred counsellor, then went on to train as a psychodynamic psychotherapist, added to that I work interculturally, providing a safe non-judgmental therapeutic space.
If you are feeling anxious, depressed or confused about your current situation, we will work collaboratively to gain further insight on how you are affected by this. In time you will have a better understanding of how to manage these concerns and arrive at a satisfactory resolution. Having worked in mental health for 23 years, I have gained specialist knowledge and experience of working with an extensive range of presenting issues. I trained as a humanistic/person-centred counsellor, then went on to train as a psychodynamic psychotherapist, added to that I work interculturally, providing a safe non-judgmental therapeutic space.
0117 463 4153 View 0117 463 4153
Photo of Shaun Featherstone, Psychotherapist in Bristol, England
Shaun Featherstone
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
Bristol BS1
I am registered with the United Kingdom Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP) as a psychotherapist in training, studying at the Karuna Institute. I offer Mindfulness Based Core Process Psychotherapy; this approach is holistic and an embodied psycho-spiritual psychotherapy that is underpinned by Mindfulness. Together we explore the parts of your life you wish to bring in a warm, confidential, safe and supportive space. As we progress deeper, awareness and understanding of how things are for you will be revealed as we move towards building a more accepting and loving relationship with yourself.
I am registered with the United Kingdom Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP) as a psychotherapist in training, studying at the Karuna Institute. I offer Mindfulness Based Core Process Psychotherapy; this approach is holistic and an embodied psycho-spiritual psychotherapy that is underpinned by Mindfulness. Together we explore the parts of your life you wish to bring in a warm, confidential, safe and supportive space. As we progress deeper, awareness and understanding of how things are for you will be revealed as we move towards building a more accepting and loving relationship with yourself.
0117 463 4602 View 0117 463 4602
Photo of Kerstin Pullin, Counsellor in Bristol, England
Kerstin Pullin
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS7
Choosing a counsellor with whom to connect and build a trusting therapeutic relationship can feel daunting, even risky, yet also empowering and hopeful. What does it feel like to take off masks, shedding protective layers that keep the authentic, vulnerable self safe while navigating through challenging or traumatic times? Together we can explore what you feel ready and safe to share - whether these are current, buried or almost forgotten experiences. I will be at your side to listen; endeavouring to relate to your unique circumstances and way of being; facilitative of your change and growth process.
Choosing a counsellor with whom to connect and build a trusting therapeutic relationship can feel daunting, even risky, yet also empowering and hopeful. What does it feel like to take off masks, shedding protective layers that keep the authentic, vulnerable self safe while navigating through challenging or traumatic times? Together we can explore what you feel ready and safe to share - whether these are current, buried or almost forgotten experiences. I will be at your side to listen; endeavouring to relate to your unique circumstances and way of being; facilitative of your change and growth process.
0117 456 5302 View 0117 456 5302
Photo of Lucy Hensher, Counsellor in Bristol, England
Lucy Hensher
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Bristol BS4  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Lucy. I'm an integrative counsellor which means I will tailor my practice to your young person (ages 9-21 years) to best meet their counselling needs. Is your child struggling with knowing where they fit in? I use a range of interventions and like to work creatively with my clients to help them find comfort to explore who they really are. I find working online gives clients the safety to be themselves in their own space. I have worked with young people for over ten years including as a secondary school teacher before I trained as a counsellor. I have two years of experience working with the LGBTQ+ community.
Hi, I'm Lucy. I'm an integrative counsellor which means I will tailor my practice to your young person (ages 9-21 years) to best meet their counselling needs. Is your child struggling with knowing where they fit in? I use a range of interventions and like to work creatively with my clients to help them find comfort to explore who they really are. I find working online gives clients the safety to be themselves in their own space. I have worked with young people for over ten years including as a secondary school teacher before I trained as a counsellor. I have two years of experience working with the LGBTQ+ community.
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Photo of Mei Choate, Counsellor in Bristol, England
Mei Choate
Counsellor, PhD, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Bristol BS7
I am a caring, patient, and warm person and offer a safe, non-judgmental, accepting environment, where you can feel at ease and discuss what brings you to counselling. . Whether it is for anxiety, depression, panic attacks, OCD, low self-esteem, bereavement, relationships or cross-cultural issues. Having lived in the Far East and EU, I bring a lived understanding of the challenges some clients face negotiating different cultures, values and beliefs. I am an experienced BACP-accredited Counsellor/Psychotherapist using an integrative approach, drawing on various models to best serve the unique person you are.
I am a caring, patient, and warm person and offer a safe, non-judgmental, accepting environment, where you can feel at ease and discuss what brings you to counselling. . Whether it is for anxiety, depression, panic attacks, OCD, low self-esteem, bereavement, relationships or cross-cultural issues. Having lived in the Far East and EU, I bring a lived understanding of the challenges some clients face negotiating different cultures, values and beliefs. I am an experienced BACP-accredited Counsellor/Psychotherapist using an integrative approach, drawing on various models to best serve the unique person you are.
0117 463 2645 View 0117 463 2645
Photo of Charlie Louise Ranchhod, Counsellor in Bristol, England
Charlie Louise Ranchhod
Counsellor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS37
Hey, I'm Charlie a fully accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist & Occupational Therapist. I am passionate about helping you achieve your individualised goals through evidenced based CBT for anxiety and depression. I've been a therapist for 20 years, working with children, adolescents, and adults. Throughout my career I've worked in a range of settings - education, specialist inpatient & community mental health. This means therapy will be tailored to you, planning an effective treatment plan together which keeps your goals at the heart of what we do.
Hey, I'm Charlie a fully accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist & Occupational Therapist. I am passionate about helping you achieve your individualised goals through evidenced based CBT for anxiety and depression. I've been a therapist for 20 years, working with children, adolescents, and adults. Throughout my career I've worked in a range of settings - education, specialist inpatient & community mental health. This means therapy will be tailored to you, planning an effective treatment plan together which keeps your goals at the heart of what we do.
01454 801756 View 01454 801756

See more therapy options for Bristol

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Bristol

600+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Bristol who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
85% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
67% Trauma and PTSD
63% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% AXA PPP
60% Aviva
45% Bupa

How Counsellors in Bristol see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Bristol?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.