Counselling in Newcastle

Photo of Jo Shenton, Counsellor in Newcastle, England
Jo Shenton
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
Welcome. Are you here because you are struggling with something in your life and need some help and support? Perhaps you are experiencing some symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, trauma or addiction? Or something else? Would you like someone to listen to you in a confidential, safe place, without judgement? Are you interested in improving your confidence and increasing your self-esteem? Life can really test us at times and we may be unable to find the answers within ourselves or indeed from our family and friends.
Welcome. Are you here because you are struggling with something in your life and need some help and support? Perhaps you are experiencing some symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, trauma or addiction? Or something else? Would you like someone to listen to you in a confidential, safe place, without judgement? Are you interested in improving your confidence and increasing your self-esteem? Life can really test us at times and we may be unable to find the answers within ourselves or indeed from our family and friends.
01782 983532 View 01782 983532
Photo of Lisa Jane Winfield, Counsellor in Newcastle, England
Lisa Jane Winfield
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
Hello, I am Lisa and I warmly welcome you to my therapy service. I offer both individual and relationship counselling, age 18+. I am a qualified Integrative Psychotherapeutic Counsellor. I provide a safe, impartial and non-judgmental space to help you to explore your feelings and concerns. We will work together to facilitate change, bring calm and build strength, helping you to move forward. We are all unique and therefore experience things differently. For example; no two people will experience anxiety the same and therefore I use an Integrative counselling approach which is tailor made to suit your own personal needs.
Hello, I am Lisa and I warmly welcome you to my therapy service. I offer both individual and relationship counselling, age 18+. I am a qualified Integrative Psychotherapeutic Counsellor. I provide a safe, impartial and non-judgmental space to help you to explore your feelings and concerns. We will work together to facilitate change, bring calm and build strength, helping you to move forward. We are all unique and therefore experience things differently. For example; no two people will experience anxiety the same and therefore I use an Integrative counselling approach which is tailor made to suit your own personal needs.
01782 493381 View 01782 493381
Photo of Carolyne Aneh, Psychotherapist in Newcastle, England
Carolyne Aneh
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5  (Online Only)
Hi there, I’m Carolyne, a qualified and experienced Counsellor and Psychotherapist. I currently have availability for new clients interested in virtual/online sessions (delivered via Google Meet or Zoom). Would you like to work on your personal growth, so that you can show up as your authentic self? Would you like to dig deeper and understand what makes it hard for you to say no, even when saying yes is not in your best interest? Would you like to cultivate healthy relationships (romantic, family, friendships)? If your answer is yes, to any of the above questions then you're in the right place.
Hi there, I’m Carolyne, a qualified and experienced Counsellor and Psychotherapist. I currently have availability for new clients interested in virtual/online sessions (delivered via Google Meet or Zoom). Would you like to work on your personal growth, so that you can show up as your authentic self? Would you like to dig deeper and understand what makes it hard for you to say no, even when saying yes is not in your best interest? Would you like to cultivate healthy relationships (romantic, family, friendships)? If your answer is yes, to any of the above questions then you're in the right place.
01782 493497 View 01782 493497
Photo of Samantha Oliver, Psychotherapist in Newcastle, England
Samantha Oliver
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
I'm Sam (or Samantha, I don't mind either), I've gained experience working in the third sector supporting survivors of sexual abuse and sexual violence in multiple roles such as a counsellor, group facilitator, and assessing client needs. I've also gained experience working in a sexual health clinic that support the LGBTQ+ community - working with a variety of issues and presentations such as  GSRD, Disabilities, Neurodiversity, ADHD, Sexual health, Sexual problems, and Gender dysphoria, compulsive sexual behaviour (sex addiction). I have an interest in dissociative disorders and working with 'parts' of people to create synthesis.
I'm Sam (or Samantha, I don't mind either), I've gained experience working in the third sector supporting survivors of sexual abuse and sexual violence in multiple roles such as a counsellor, group facilitator, and assessing client needs. I've also gained experience working in a sexual health clinic that support the LGBTQ+ community - working with a variety of issues and presentations such as  GSRD, Disabilities, Neurodiversity, ADHD, Sexual health, Sexual problems, and Gender dysphoria, compulsive sexual behaviour (sex addiction). I have an interest in dissociative disorders and working with 'parts' of people to create synthesis.
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Photo of Daniel Knowles, Counsellor in Newcastle, England
Daniel Knowles
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
Life can throw a lot at us and sometimes we need support and help to learn new ways of thinking or coping.If you're facing challenges in your life or relationships such as difficulties in communication, intimacy, self-esteem, sexual fulfilment or exploring your identity then I am here to help support and guide you. I work in a pluralistic way, finding what approaches work best for you: no two people are the same so how can we expect one approach to work for everybody?
Life can throw a lot at us and sometimes we need support and help to learn new ways of thinking or coping.If you're facing challenges in your life or relationships such as difficulties in communication, intimacy, self-esteem, sexual fulfilment or exploring your identity then I am here to help support and guide you. I work in a pluralistic way, finding what approaches work best for you: no two people are the same so how can we expect one approach to work for everybody?
01782 983826 View 01782 983826
Photo of Jessica Ellen Girling, Counsellor in Newcastle, England
Jessica Ellen Girling
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
My philosophical approach is trauma informed with the belief that the importance of therapeutic relationship is at the core of successful therapeutic work. I work in a relational way with clients. I believe that having a safe harbour to express the unexpressed, connect to the disconnected and feel the unfelt is at the heart of healing our inner wounds. As your therapist I will not give advice or tell you what to do. I will listen empathically to your concerns and experiences. I will work in collaboration with you to explore your experience, empower you to find your own solutions and build coping skills that work for you.
My philosophical approach is trauma informed with the belief that the importance of therapeutic relationship is at the core of successful therapeutic work. I work in a relational way with clients. I believe that having a safe harbour to express the unexpressed, connect to the disconnected and feel the unfelt is at the heart of healing our inner wounds. As your therapist I will not give advice or tell you what to do. I will listen empathically to your concerns and experiences. I will work in collaboration with you to explore your experience, empower you to find your own solutions and build coping skills that work for you.
01782 493610 View 01782 493610
Photo of Paul Hammersley, Psychotherapist in Newcastle, England
Paul Hammersley
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
I recently celebrated 25 years as a CBT therapist. I am now also qualified in EMDR In. addition my therapy practice I have taught CBT for many years. I was programme director for post graduate CBT training at Manchester and Lancaster Universities, I have lectured at most UK universities and also abroad in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Sweden, Spain, Holland and Brazil. I have been widely published on the relationship between negative life events and psychological distress including as a first author in The British journal of Psychiatry
I recently celebrated 25 years as a CBT therapist. I am now also qualified in EMDR In. addition my therapy practice I have taught CBT for many years. I was programme director for post graduate CBT training at Manchester and Lancaster Universities, I have lectured at most UK universities and also abroad in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Sweden, Spain, Holland and Brazil. I have been widely published on the relationship between negative life events and psychological distress including as a first author in The British journal of Psychiatry
0161 509 6208 View 0161 509 6208
Photo of The Therapy Quarters, Psychotherapist in Newcastle, England
The Therapy Quarters
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newcastle ST5
Karen has managed a private practice offering counselling, EMDR Therapy, and Clinical Supervision to clients and practitioners internationally. Karen’s work over more than 25 years has been within charitable, public and private sectors alongside working with trainee practitioners from Universities throughout Staffordshire and Cheshire. Karen has experience working with Police and Emergency Blue Light services, Specialist Domestic Abuse services, NHS and care staff, as well as lecturing for a number of years and providing training to external agencies and organisations.
Karen has managed a private practice offering counselling, EMDR Therapy, and Clinical Supervision to clients and practitioners internationally. Karen’s work over more than 25 years has been within charitable, public and private sectors alongside working with trainee practitioners from Universities throughout Staffordshire and Cheshire. Karen has experience working with Police and Emergency Blue Light services, Specialist Domestic Abuse services, NHS and care staff, as well as lecturing for a number of years and providing training to external agencies and organisations.
01782 493360 View 01782 493360
Photo of Rachel Jardine, Counsellor in Newcastle, England
Rachel Jardine
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
Not accepting new clients
Trauma-informed therapy for adults, teens and pre-teens. Professional experience includes specialist one-to-one educational support, special educational needs advice and support for children in care. I have first-hand experience of living with neurodivergence and of both parenting and supporting neurodivergent and trauma-experienced children. My therapeutic experience includes working with survivors of domestic and/or sexual abuse; people affected by childhood trauma & attachment difficulties; the impact of neurodivergence; and difficulties including major life events, bereavement & loss, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem.
Trauma-informed therapy for adults, teens and pre-teens. Professional experience includes specialist one-to-one educational support, special educational needs advice and support for children in care. I have first-hand experience of living with neurodivergence and of both parenting and supporting neurodivergent and trauma-experienced children. My therapeutic experience includes working with survivors of domestic and/or sexual abuse; people affected by childhood trauma & attachment difficulties; the impact of neurodivergence; and difficulties including major life events, bereavement & loss, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem.
01889 227291 View 01889 227291
Photo of Alison Jane Preston, Counsellor in Newcastle, England
Alison Jane Preston
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
Hello and Welcome to my profile. I am a Psychotherapeutic Counsellor and believe in people as individuals. Whatever your endeavours, your challenges, your turmoils and your stories I believe that being heard with genuine care and compassion can help us to recover from ongoing distress and help us to move forward. Additionally, learning about and drawing upon strategies to help alleviate stress & anxiety can be both empowering and transformative. I offer counselling from a person centred core, integrating other counselling theories and resources depending on the needs of my clients.
Hello and Welcome to my profile. I am a Psychotherapeutic Counsellor and believe in people as individuals. Whatever your endeavours, your challenges, your turmoils and your stories I believe that being heard with genuine care and compassion can help us to recover from ongoing distress and help us to move forward. Additionally, learning about and drawing upon strategies to help alleviate stress & anxiety can be both empowering and transformative. I offer counselling from a person centred core, integrating other counselling theories and resources depending on the needs of my clients.
01296 321321 View 01296 321321
Photo of Maxine Jane Fitzpatrick, Psychotherapist in Newcastle, England
Maxine Jane Fitzpatrick
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5  (Online Only)
As a BABCP accredited therapist, I strive to create a comfortable and non-judgemental environment where my clients can feel safe and heard. With my experience in nursing and healthcare management in paediatric and community settings, I have developed a unique approach to CBT that combines my medical knowledge with my passion for mental health. It is my goal to empower my clients with the tools they need to lead fulfilling and happy lives. For further information please visit www.maxinefitzpatrickpsychotherapy.com
As a BABCP accredited therapist, I strive to create a comfortable and non-judgemental environment where my clients can feel safe and heard. With my experience in nursing and healthcare management in paediatric and community settings, I have developed a unique approach to CBT that combines my medical knowledge with my passion for mental health. It is my goal to empower my clients with the tools they need to lead fulfilling and happy lives. For further information please visit www.maxinefitzpatrickpsychotherapy.com
01289 540516 View 01289 540516
Photo of Jayne Davis, Psychotherapist in Newcastle, England
Jayne Davis
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newcastle ST5
Feeling stuck, struggling to cope or feeling lost in your own head? Life is challenging and it’s not uncommon to experience a loss of meaning and purpose. Perhaps your past experiences are standing in the way of you leading the life you want. I offer a safe supportive space to talk through your problems, help you to make sense of things, uncover unconscious patterns that may be holding you back and work through difficult emotions.
Feeling stuck, struggling to cope or feeling lost in your own head? Life is challenging and it’s not uncommon to experience a loss of meaning and purpose. Perhaps your past experiences are standing in the way of you leading the life you want. I offer a safe supportive space to talk through your problems, help you to make sense of things, uncover unconscious patterns that may be holding you back and work through difficult emotions.
07902 729887 View 07902 729887
Photo of Leanne Stanley, Counsellor in Newcastle, England
Leanne Stanley
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
Do you find yourself grappling with relationship issues or navigating the complexities of having a narcissistic parent? Are you struggling to set boundaries and seeking clarity in your life and relationships? Imagine taking control of your life, shedding the weight of guilt, and envisioning healthy, fulfilling relationships? Imagine taking control of your life, shedding the weight of guilt, and envisioning healthy, fulfilling relationships. This is where Leanne steps in.
Do you find yourself grappling with relationship issues or navigating the complexities of having a narcissistic parent? Are you struggling to set boundaries and seeking clarity in your life and relationships? Imagine taking control of your life, shedding the weight of guilt, and envisioning healthy, fulfilling relationships? Imagine taking control of your life, shedding the weight of guilt, and envisioning healthy, fulfilling relationships. This is where Leanne steps in.
01538 712574 View 01538 712574
Photo of Dr Matt Johnson, Psychologist in Newcastle, England
Dr Matt Johnson
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
Hi, I'm Matt, thank you for reading my profile. I'm a Chartered and Registered Clinical Psychologist working with adults of all ages who are experiencing psychological difficulties. If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, fears and phobias, trauma, grief, loss and bereavement, work related stress, adjustment to significant life events, parenting stress, family and relationship difficulties, low self-esteem or confidence issues, I can help you to deal more effectively with the challenges that life throws at you, to focus your efforts on the goals and values that are most important and so move towards living the life you want.
Hi, I'm Matt, thank you for reading my profile. I'm a Chartered and Registered Clinical Psychologist working with adults of all ages who are experiencing psychological difficulties. If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, fears and phobias, trauma, grief, loss and bereavement, work related stress, adjustment to significant life events, parenting stress, family and relationship difficulties, low self-esteem or confidence issues, I can help you to deal more effectively with the challenges that life throws at you, to focus your efforts on the goals and values that are most important and so move towards living the life you want.
01782 493119 View 01782 493119
Photo of Melisa Adams, Psychotherapist in Newcastle, England
Melisa Adams
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5  (Online Only)
We are told how important exercise is for our physical well-being, your mental health is no different. Mental health and physical health are interconnected. Stress, anxiety, and depression can manifest as physical symptoms. So, maintaining good mental health can positively influence physical health. Therapy changes lives and for that reason, if you are unhappy, stressed, and not sure what to do, you need to remember that life is short, and you deserve to live the life you want. Put yourself first and do what makes you happy! I will help you become your own therapist, providing you with healthy tools and support tailored for you.
We are told how important exercise is for our physical well-being, your mental health is no different. Mental health and physical health are interconnected. Stress, anxiety, and depression can manifest as physical symptoms. So, maintaining good mental health can positively influence physical health. Therapy changes lives and for that reason, if you are unhappy, stressed, and not sure what to do, you need to remember that life is short, and you deserve to live the life you want. Put yourself first and do what makes you happy! I will help you become your own therapist, providing you with healthy tools and support tailored for you.
01302 490114 View 01302 490114
Photo of Amy Lewis, Psychotherapist in Newcastle, England
Amy Lewis
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
I specialise in providing counselling for children, young people and young adults aged between 9 - 24 years old. I help young people to gain confidence and believe in themselves by listening and offering an understanding of what is important to them. I offer a confidential service to help young people find their voice and I am here to support them with anything that they may need. I help young people with many different difficulties, which includes low self-esteem, low confidence, anxiety, low mood, self-harm etc.
I specialise in providing counselling for children, young people and young adults aged between 9 - 24 years old. I help young people to gain confidence and believe in themselves by listening and offering an understanding of what is important to them. I offer a confidential service to help young people find their voice and I am here to support them with anything that they may need. I help young people with many different difficulties, which includes low self-esteem, low confidence, anxiety, low mood, self-harm etc.
01782 498114 View 01782 498114
Photo of Deb Haynes, Counsellor in Newcastle, England
Deb Haynes
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
Hello, I'm Deb Haynes and I hope that I can help you. I work primarily with children and families, but also with individuals. I use a person centred approach and other techniques which I have trained in such as play therapy. Some of the stressful issues that a lot of people experience are, anxiety, bereavement (including pet bereavement), trauma, behavioural/trust issues, self-esteem issues, self-harming and harmful sexualized behaviour issues. Please get in touch.
Hello, I'm Deb Haynes and I hope that I can help you. I work primarily with children and families, but also with individuals. I use a person centred approach and other techniques which I have trained in such as play therapy. Some of the stressful issues that a lot of people experience are, anxiety, bereavement (including pet bereavement), trauma, behavioural/trust issues, self-esteem issues, self-harming and harmful sexualized behaviour issues. Please get in touch.
01270 906390 View 01270 906390
Photo of Gina Zyla, Counsellor in Newcastle, England
Gina Zyla
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newcastle ST5
Hi I'm Gina and I have over 20 years frontline experience working with those who have experienced trauma and loss. Healing from trauma is a journey and it's important to go at a pace that's comfortable for you. I will provide a safe space for you to explore and process your experiences. You are not alone in this. Together, we will work on building coping strategies. Finding healthy ways to manage your emotions and reactions can make a significant difference in your life. Understanding how trauma and loss has affected you can be a powerful tool in moving forward. We can explore this in a way that feels safe for you.
Hi I'm Gina and I have over 20 years frontline experience working with those who have experienced trauma and loss. Healing from trauma is a journey and it's important to go at a pace that's comfortable for you. I will provide a safe space for you to explore and process your experiences. You are not alone in this. Together, we will work on building coping strategies. Finding healthy ways to manage your emotions and reactions can make a significant difference in your life. Understanding how trauma and loss has affected you can be a powerful tool in moving forward. We can explore this in a way that feels safe for you.
01782 493769 View 01782 493769
Photo of Sarah Wilford, Counsellor in Newcastle, England
Sarah Wilford
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
Are you finding life hard work, struggling with a low mood or losing your temper at the smallest of things? Do you feel out of control and that life is not what it's meant to be? Then maybe I can help. If you'd like to feel more in control, less overwhelmed or anxious then talking therapies can really help. Many of my clients come to me exhausted from trying to take control of their life, struggling to manage their anger and feeling worthless. After a few sessions most clients notice that life begins to feel less stressful, their relationships start to improve and the joy of living begins to return.
Are you finding life hard work, struggling with a low mood or losing your temper at the smallest of things? Do you feel out of control and that life is not what it's meant to be? Then maybe I can help. If you'd like to feel more in control, less overwhelmed or anxious then talking therapies can really help. Many of my clients come to me exhausted from trying to take control of their life, struggling to manage their anger and feeling worthless. After a few sessions most clients notice that life begins to feel less stressful, their relationships start to improve and the joy of living begins to return.
01782 454496 View 01782 454496
Photo of Sobia Khan, Psychologist in Newcastle, England
Sobia Khan
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Newcastle ST5
01782 983610 View 01782 983610

See more therapy options for Newcastle

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Newcastle

20+

Average cost per session

£50

Counsellors in Newcastle who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
95% Self Esteem
85% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
80% Stress
75% Bereavement
70% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aviva
100% AXA PPP
100% Bupa

How Counsellors in Newcastle see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Newcastle?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.