Photo of Dr Tanya Frances, Counsellor in York, England
Dr Tanya Frances
Counsellor, PhD, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
York YO10
I work with adults and young people (16+). My clients come for a range of reasons. I have experience working in a range of settings with clients who have different goals/needs. However, most of my experience is with clients who have experienced trauma. Usually this work is around supporting clients to work through or process the things that cause them distress, and exploring what living more fully or meaningfully looks like, so that they are less impacted by things that have happened in the past. I welcome all enquiries, and I welcome students and trainee therapists.
I work with adults and young people (16+). My clients come for a range of reasons. I have experience working in a range of settings with clients who have different goals/needs. However, most of my experience is with clients who have experienced trauma. Usually this work is around supporting clients to work through or process the things that cause them distress, and exploring what living more fully or meaningfully looks like, so that they are less impacted by things that have happened in the past. I welcome all enquiries, and I welcome students and trainee therapists.
01786 236552 View 01786 236552
Photo of Dr Nicky Bould, Psychologist in York, England
Dr Nicky Bould
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
York YO1  (Online Only)
Hello, I’m Nicky and I am an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist. I work with people who are experiencing a wide range of concerns. I also specialise in supporting people with physical health conditions and I have been working in NHS cancer services for over 15 years. I have extensive experience of working with people who are living with conditions such as cancer, diabetes, persistent pain, gastrointestinal problems (such as IBS), dermatological issues and also life-limiting illnesses. In addition to this, I also work more generally with issues such as depression, anxiety, grief, stress, relationship difficulties and trauma.
Hello, I’m Nicky and I am an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist. I work with people who are experiencing a wide range of concerns. I also specialise in supporting people with physical health conditions and I have been working in NHS cancer services for over 15 years. I have extensive experience of working with people who are living with conditions such as cancer, diabetes, persistent pain, gastrointestinal problems (such as IBS), dermatological issues and also life-limiting illnesses. In addition to this, I also work more generally with issues such as depression, anxiety, grief, stress, relationship difficulties and trauma.
View
Photo of Jacqui Parkin, Counsellor in York, England
Jacqui Parkin
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
York YO26  (Online Only)
Hi there! I work with women and girls struggling with difficult emotions and low self esteem. You may be seeking support through a specific life challenge or transition, to learn how to cope better, to explore painful or traumatic experiences or to change aspects of life that no longer serve you. Maybe you just want to feel at ease with yourself and in your relationships? If so, then I'm glad that you're seeking the support you deserve and I'd love to chat with you.
Hi there! I work with women and girls struggling with difficult emotions and low self esteem. You may be seeking support through a specific life challenge or transition, to learn how to cope better, to explore painful or traumatic experiences or to change aspects of life that no longer serve you. Maybe you just want to feel at ease with yourself and in your relationships? If so, then I'm glad that you're seeking the support you deserve and I'd love to chat with you.
01423 803251 View 01423 803251
Photo of Jasmine Cortazzi, Psychotherapist in York, England
Jasmine Cortazzi
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
York YO10
Do you suffer from high levels of anxiety, self-doubt, and a tendency to be self-critical, blaming yourself for the difficulties you face? Maybe you have high standards, are a perfectionist, work hard, and are ambitious to achieve. However, challenges around relationships, anxiety, work stress, and trauma can feel overwhelming and you feel 'stuck'. No-one wants problems to impact on people we love, our work performance, or our mental health. I empower you to find calm, strength, confidence and courage to enhance your life. I work with individual adults-not couples- and also teenagers. Contact me for a free consultation.
Do you suffer from high levels of anxiety, self-doubt, and a tendency to be self-critical, blaming yourself for the difficulties you face? Maybe you have high standards, are a perfectionist, work hard, and are ambitious to achieve. However, challenges around relationships, anxiety, work stress, and trauma can feel overwhelming and you feel 'stuck'. No-one wants problems to impact on people we love, our work performance, or our mental health. I empower you to find calm, strength, confidence and courage to enhance your life. I work with individual adults-not couples- and also teenagers. Contact me for a free consultation.
01889 221614 View 01889 221614
Photo of Abbie Stanwix, Psychotherapist in York, England
Abbie Stanwix
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBABCP
Verified Verified
York YO41
If you are experiencing difficulties that are impacting on your life and have decided to take the step to access some help to make a change to your life, then I can help you. I specialise in working with individuals experiencing difficulties due to depression, anxiety, and trauma, drawing upon my skills as an Accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist Practitioner and compassion focused therapy. I work with you to help you gain a better understanding of yourself, difficulties, and strategies to improve how you feel. I offer a warm and confidential space where you can talk openly about your feelings without fear of criticism.
If you are experiencing difficulties that are impacting on your life and have decided to take the step to access some help to make a change to your life, then I can help you. I specialise in working with individuals experiencing difficulties due to depression, anxiety, and trauma, drawing upon my skills as an Accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist Practitioner and compassion focused therapy. I work with you to help you gain a better understanding of yourself, difficulties, and strategies to improve how you feel. I offer a warm and confidential space where you can talk openly about your feelings without fear of criticism.
01423 803302 View 01423 803302
Photo of Flexible Mind Psychology, Psychologist in York, England
Flexible Mind Psychology
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
York YO31
If you are experiencing anxiety, having difficulty adapting to the ever-changing demands of the world, or finding it hard to express yourself, you don't have to cope alone. I'm Ian Wootton, and I set up Flexible Mind Psychology to provide specialist therapy for those who feel disconnected, even when they are around lots of people, or who feel stuck in their rigid ways of thinking or behaving. If you are someone who is often assumed to be coping perfectly well, who doesn’t like to make a fuss, and who appears to be okay on the outside but is actually struggling on the inside, get in touch - I can help you to adapt and reconnect.
If you are experiencing anxiety, having difficulty adapting to the ever-changing demands of the world, or finding it hard to express yourself, you don't have to cope alone. I'm Ian Wootton, and I set up Flexible Mind Psychology to provide specialist therapy for those who feel disconnected, even when they are around lots of people, or who feel stuck in their rigid ways of thinking or behaving. If you are someone who is often assumed to be coping perfectly well, who doesn’t like to make a fuss, and who appears to be okay on the outside but is actually struggling on the inside, get in touch - I can help you to adapt and reconnect.
01904 929260 View 01904 929260
Photo of Peter Braham, Counsellor in York, England
Peter Braham
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
York YO26
We can't change the past but we can re-examine the influence it has had on us. We can't change other people, but we can grow and change ourselves. Counselling is an opportunity to think about the life we want and to work on making it happen. Sometimes this means identifying and disrupting old patterns that no longer work for us. Sometimes it means becoming more assertive, "emotionally literate", confident or empathic. Sometimes it means being able to tell which people are good for us right now. Sometimes it just means crying out the hurt.
We can't change the past but we can re-examine the influence it has had on us. We can't change other people, but we can grow and change ourselves. Counselling is an opportunity to think about the life we want and to work on making it happen. Sometimes this means identifying and disrupting old patterns that no longer work for us. Sometimes it means becoming more assertive, "emotionally literate", confident or empathic. Sometimes it means being able to tell which people are good for us right now. Sometimes it just means crying out the hurt.
01347 668135 View 01347 668135
Photo of Sue Morris, Counsellor in York, England
Sue Morris
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
York YO1
Life can be hard at times. We can experience loss, changes in our health, family circumstances or work life. Maybe our relationships are not fulfilling our needs and we do not know how to change things. At times, we don’t feel good about ourselves, we lose confidence in our ability to cope with life or maybe we feel impacted by past experiences or held back through feelings of anger, shame or guilt. Sometimes we don’t know what’s wrong, but we just know something isn’t right. I can help you explore what is going on for you by giving you a supportive space to talk and be heard.
Life can be hard at times. We can experience loss, changes in our health, family circumstances or work life. Maybe our relationships are not fulfilling our needs and we do not know how to change things. At times, we don’t feel good about ourselves, we lose confidence in our ability to cope with life or maybe we feel impacted by past experiences or held back through feelings of anger, shame or guilt. Sometimes we don’t know what’s wrong, but we just know something isn’t right. I can help you explore what is going on for you by giving you a supportive space to talk and be heard.
01904 221277 View 01904 221277
Photo of Polly Hayes Counselling , Counsellor in York, England
Polly Hayes Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
York YO10
I am a person centred integrative counsellor. No matter what has brought you here my goal is to support you as you make sense of your experiences. Life can throw up really tough challenges, you do not need to face them alone. I provide a safe, nonjudgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, beliefs, any, and everything that makes your experience unique. I work with many diverse areas of need examples; anxiety and depression, bereavement, relationship difficulties, self-esteem, neurodiversity diagnosis. I offer short term six to twelve sessions and long open ended counselling.
I am a person centred integrative counsellor. No matter what has brought you here my goal is to support you as you make sense of your experiences. Life can throw up really tough challenges, you do not need to face them alone. I provide a safe, nonjudgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, beliefs, any, and everything that makes your experience unique. I work with many diverse areas of need examples; anxiety and depression, bereavement, relationship difficulties, self-esteem, neurodiversity diagnosis. I offer short term six to twelve sessions and long open ended counselling.
01889 228041 View 01889 228041
Photo of Clare Forsyth, Counsellor in York, England
Clare Forsyth
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
York YO62
Not accepting new clients
I am a BACP registered Integrative Psychotherapeutic Counsellor and I am trained in Transactional Analysis. I will listen to what you tell me, and we will work together to tailor an appropriate approach drawing from a variety of theoretical models to support you as you explore what is happening for you. You are the expert on yourself, and this is key as we develop a relationship.Central to my work is feeling safe, heard and seen, honesty and being valued.Through the time we spend there will be a myriad of feelings and emotions, we may laugh or cry, we may be quiet or simply offload.Most of all you will be accepted just as you are.
I am a BACP registered Integrative Psychotherapeutic Counsellor and I am trained in Transactional Analysis. I will listen to what you tell me, and we will work together to tailor an appropriate approach drawing from a variety of theoretical models to support you as you explore what is happening for you. You are the expert on yourself, and this is key as we develop a relationship.Central to my work is feeling safe, heard and seen, honesty and being valued.Through the time we spend there will be a myriad of feelings and emotions, we may laugh or cry, we may be quiet or simply offload.Most of all you will be accepted just as you are.
01751 200351 View 01751 200351
Photo of Dr Luke Bannister, Psychologist in York, England
Dr Luke Bannister
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
York YO10
Life, in all of its complexity, can be challenging, and our experience of our own thoughts and emotions can cause us distress which can be difficult to alleviate and understand. I’m sorry if you are struggling at the moment. I would like you to know that there is always hope and that life can become easier over time, despite how difficult this may be to currently imagine. I understand that reaching out to a psychologist can feel daunting, and that simply looking for a therapist can take courage.
Life, in all of its complexity, can be challenging, and our experience of our own thoughts and emotions can cause us distress which can be difficult to alleviate and understand. I’m sorry if you are struggling at the moment. I would like you to know that there is always hope and that life can become easier over time, despite how difficult this may be to currently imagine. I understand that reaching out to a psychologist can feel daunting, and that simply looking for a therapist can take courage.
View
Photo of Catherine Beal, Counsellor in York, England
Catherine Beal
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
York YO31
A very warm welcome, I have person centred counselling and psychotherapy sessions available within a week. I’m interested in what you need? Do you need to express what’s happening for you? Do you need some support to manage your thoughts and feelings? Life can be tough at times, are you feeling angry, sad, lonely, anxious, depressed, stressed, overwhelmed? Do you need to seek a way forward? I aim to offer a therapeutic relationship through a compassionate connection. I provide a non judgmental environment, free from evaluation. Whatever your facing, I will do my very best to support you, so that you don’t have to face things alone.
A very warm welcome, I have person centred counselling and psychotherapy sessions available within a week. I’m interested in what you need? Do you need to express what’s happening for you? Do you need some support to manage your thoughts and feelings? Life can be tough at times, are you feeling angry, sad, lonely, anxious, depressed, stressed, overwhelmed? Do you need to seek a way forward? I aim to offer a therapeutic relationship through a compassionate connection. I provide a non judgmental environment, free from evaluation. Whatever your facing, I will do my very best to support you, so that you don’t have to face things alone.
01653 919864 View 01653 919864
Photo of Sarinrat Thomas, Psychotherapist in York, England
Sarinrat Thomas
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
York YO19
I am Dramatherapist and Psychotherapist with extensive experience in clinical, private practice and educational settings. Many years of experience working in Higher Education Sectors. HCPC registrant since 2002. Experienced integrative therapist, working with a varied approach including dramatherapy, psychodrama. psychodramatic, single-session, solution-focused, CBT and mindfulness. Many years of experience working with many issues including neurodiversity, abuse, trauma, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, body dysmorphia, gender identity, relationship issues, and relocation related issues. I am also certified life coach.
I am Dramatherapist and Psychotherapist with extensive experience in clinical, private practice and educational settings. Many years of experience working in Higher Education Sectors. HCPC registrant since 2002. Experienced integrative therapist, working with a varied approach including dramatherapy, psychodrama. psychodramatic, single-session, solution-focused, CBT and mindfulness. Many years of experience working with many issues including neurodiversity, abuse, trauma, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, body dysmorphia, gender identity, relationship issues, and relocation related issues. I am also certified life coach.
01904 803229 View 01904 803229
Photo of Lucy Castro, Counsellor in York, England
Lucy Castro
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
York YO31  (Online Only)
Let’s face it, shit happens. Life can change in the blink of an eye, or our choices lead us down a merry path of disappointment. Are you at a standstill, or chasing round in circles? Is it difficult to see a way through on your own? It can help to share and offload some of those burdens with someone who has your back. Therapy is an experiential process and it really helps to have someone whose job is to listen alongside.
Let’s face it, shit happens. Life can change in the blink of an eye, or our choices lead us down a merry path of disappointment. Are you at a standstill, or chasing round in circles? Is it difficult to see a way through on your own? It can help to share and offload some of those burdens with someone who has your back. Therapy is an experiential process and it really helps to have someone whose job is to listen alongside.
01889 228037 View 01889 228037
Photo of Sally Loaring, Counsellor in York, England
Sally Loaring
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
York YO24
I believe that when people talk change can happen. If you have been the victim of Domestic abuse and violence, are coming to terms with childhood abuse and making sense of how this has impacted you now, are looking at loss and bereavement or making sense of your time at Boarding School, I may be a good fit for you.
I believe that when people talk change can happen. If you have been the victim of Domestic abuse and violence, are coming to terms with childhood abuse and making sense of how this has impacted you now, are looking at loss and bereavement or making sense of your time at Boarding School, I may be a good fit for you.
01904 917515 View 01904 917515
Photo of Rosy Taylor, Counsellor in York, England
Rosy Taylor
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
York YO1
Are your thoughts, feelings or behaviour making you anxious, depressed or limiting what you can do? Are your relationships with others or food causing you difficulty? Do you want to understand why things that happened in your childhood are still influencing you now? Having the opportunity to 'tell your story' to an interested listener is a therapeutic experience. Whatever challenge you are currently facing making the time and space for yourself to engage in therpay is an act of self kindness.
Are your thoughts, feelings or behaviour making you anxious, depressed or limiting what you can do? Are your relationships with others or food causing you difficulty? Do you want to understand why things that happened in your childhood are still influencing you now? Having the opportunity to 'tell your story' to an interested listener is a therapeutic experience. Whatever challenge you are currently facing making the time and space for yourself to engage in therpay is an act of self kindness.
01347 668119 View 01347 668119
Photo of Dr Lily Lewis - Trauma Therapist, Psychologist in York, England
Dr Lily Lewis - Trauma Therapist
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
York YO31  (Online Only)
Are you looking to make sense of things or heal from painful events? You might be experiencing intense feelings, unwanted thoughts or images, or struggling in your parenting, relationships or work. Perhaps your coping strategies are getting in the way of the life you want to lead. You are not alone. I see psychological distress as our brains doing their best to cope with a challenging world. Together we can understand why your brain and body is coping in this way and reach out to those parts of you that are struggling.
Are you looking to make sense of things or heal from painful events? You might be experiencing intense feelings, unwanted thoughts or images, or struggling in your parenting, relationships or work. Perhaps your coping strategies are getting in the way of the life you want to lead. You are not alone. I see psychological distress as our brains doing their best to cope with a challenging world. Together we can understand why your brain and body is coping in this way and reach out to those parts of you that are struggling.
01904 935313 View 01904 935313
Photo of Helen Moss, Psychotherapist in York, England
Helen Moss
Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
York YO1
Waitlist for new clients
I'm Helen, a gestalt psychotherapist in advanced training. I offer a safe, inclusive, non-judgmental space, where I can support you to more deeply understand the situations that have brought you to therapy. I am committed to trauma-informed, anti-oppressive, neurodivergent-aware and queer-affirmative practices.
I'm Helen, a gestalt psychotherapist in advanced training. I offer a safe, inclusive, non-judgmental space, where I can support you to more deeply understand the situations that have brought you to therapy. I am committed to trauma-informed, anti-oppressive, neurodivergent-aware and queer-affirmative practices.
01347 668125 View 01347 668125
Photo of Anna Grace-Jacobs, Counsellor in York, England
Anna Grace-Jacobs
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
York YO26  (Online Only)
Welcome to my profile. You are at the beginning of what is hopefully a transformational journey, seeking a therapist you can trust. I offer over 35 years of experience, especially for those with past trauma, anxiety or depression, childhood issues, and challenging life transitions such as separation and divorce. I am particularly experienced in supporting past family issues, inner child work and bereavement. All who are highly sensitive, creative, including those who identify as neurodivergent, are particularly welcome to contact me.
Welcome to my profile. You are at the beginning of what is hopefully a transformational journey, seeking a therapist you can trust. I offer over 35 years of experience, especially for those with past trauma, anxiety or depression, childhood issues, and challenging life transitions such as separation and divorce. I am particularly experienced in supporting past family issues, inner child work and bereavement. All who are highly sensitive, creative, including those who identify as neurodivergent, are particularly welcome to contact me.
01423 803252 View 01423 803252
Photo of Peter Phillips, Counsellor in York, England
Peter Phillips
Counsellor, MUKCP
Verified Verified
York YO23
Whatever reason you're looking for a counsellor - an overwhelming stressful situation, or you may be suffering from anxiety or a general feeling that something is not right in your life - finding someone who takes care to listen and understand can make a huge difference. I can offer you a relationship based on trust and acceptance. I believe the quality of my presence with you will matter a great deal - my openness and attention to what you bring. And this enables me to create a space where you can really be heard without judgment, and held safely.
Whatever reason you're looking for a counsellor - an overwhelming stressful situation, or you may be suffering from anxiety or a general feeling that something is not right in your life - finding someone who takes care to listen and understand can make a huge difference. I can offer you a relationship based on trust and acceptance. I believe the quality of my presence with you will matter a great deal - my openness and attention to what you bring. And this enables me to create a space where you can really be heard without judgment, and held safely.
01889 228036 View 01889 228036

See more therapy options for York

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in York

100+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in York who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
89% Self Esteem
84% Stress
81% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
66% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Aviva
64% AXA PPP
49% Bupa

How Counsellors in York see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in York?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.