Treatment Centres in L4K
Clarity Learning and Therapy (ASD, ADHD, Anxiety)
Treatment Centre
Verified Verified
Vaughan, ON L4K
At Clarity, we open our hearts and doors to individuals of all abilities, fostering a space where therapy, learning, and healing converge. Our three dedicated departments—the Therapy Centre, Learning Centre, and Autism Centre—stand united to provide a holistic, naturalistic, and progressive experience. In the Clarity Universe, we celebrate diversity and welcome everyone to embark on a joy-filled journey of self-discovery. Whether you're navigating the challenges of ASD, ADHD, PTSD, stress, or anxiety, our multidisciplinary team at Clarity Therapy Centre is here to evaluate evidence-based best practices tailored to your unique needs. Clarity Therapy goes beyond conventional treatments, integrating holistic frameworks for optimized effectiveness and long-term progression. We don't just provide therapy; we create lifelong connections, offering continual support even after successful treatment. Our programs extend beyond clinic walls, ensuring that progress resonates across all environments—be it at home, work, or school.
At Clarity, we open our hearts and doors to individuals of all abilities, fostering a space where therapy, learning, and healing converge. Our three dedicated departments—the Therapy Centre, Learning Centre, and Autism Centre—stand united to provide a holistic, naturalistic, and progressive experience. In the Clarity Universe, we celebrate diversity and welcome everyone to embark on a joy-filled journey of self-discovery. Whether you're navigating the challenges of ASD, ADHD, PTSD, stress, or anxiety, our multidisciplinary team at Clarity Therapy Centre is here to evaluate evidence-based best practices tailored to your unique needs. Clarity Therapy goes beyond conventional treatments, integrating holistic frameworks for optimized effectiveness and long-term progression. We don't just provide therapy; we create lifelong connections, offering continual support even after successful treatment. Our programs extend beyond clinic walls, ensuring that progress resonates across all environments—be it at home, work, or school.
We are here to serve people ages 4+ in person in theGreater Toronto Area, and virtually across Ontario and Quebec, deal with their mental health challenges. To us, mental health is simply ... health. And the sooner people can get support for their mental health needs, the more effective it can be. We offer Individual, Play and Couples/Relationship Therapy both in person and online. Common issues that we deal with include: Anxiety, Depression, Social Anxiety, ADHD, Autism, Online and Video Game Addiction, Bullying, School Related Issues, and Parenting Challenges.
We are here to serve people ages 4+ in person in theGreater Toronto Area, and virtually across Ontario and Quebec, deal with their mental health challenges. To us, mental health is simply ... health. And the sooner people can get support for their mental health needs, the more effective it can be. We offer Individual, Play and Couples/Relationship Therapy both in person and online. Common issues that we deal with include: Anxiety, Depression, Social Anxiety, ADHD, Autism, Online and Video Game Addiction, Bullying, School Related Issues, and Parenting Challenges.
Neworld is a private upscale residential Medical Detox facility for alcohol and drug abuse. Neworld Medical Detox has been helping people safely detoxify from a wide range of substances for over six years. Now, under new management by Canadian Addiction Treatment Centres, Neworld is evolving to offer a new level of care, to better serve you in reaching your goals in recovery.
Neworld is a private upscale residential Medical Detox facility for alcohol and drug abuse. Neworld Medical Detox has been helping people safely detoxify from a wide range of substances for over six years. Now, under new management by Canadian Addiction Treatment Centres, Neworld is evolving to offer a new level of care, to better serve you in reaching your goals in recovery.
More Treatment Centers Nearby
All of You Wellness Centre clinicians believe in a picture of wellness which incorporates the whole person and begins with mental health. Our model is one of "creative and supported self-discovery". This means that we focus on the empowerment of individuals, couples, families, teams, and organizations to overcome barriers and transcend their current situation by building on the inherent strengths of each individual.
All of You Wellness Centre clinicians believe in a picture of wellness which incorporates the whole person and begins with mental health. Our model is one of "creative and supported self-discovery". This means that we focus on the empowerment of individuals, couples, families, teams, and organizations to overcome barriers and transcend their current situation by building on the inherent strengths of each individual.
Life Science Addiction Treatment Center is a private, residential facility for English-speaking adults struggling with alcohol and/or drug addiction. We offer highly personalized inpatient services of short-, moderate- or long-term duration. Our goal is the provision of responsible, evidence-based treatment practices in a professional and affordable manner. Teaching constructive life skills is a primary means of discontinuing harmful or self-limiting behaviour, as well as in achieving successful levels of personal, social and occupational functioning. Finally, we hope to foster personal growth in supporting these complimentary goals: rehabilitation, maintenance of positive change and promotion of mental wellness.
Life Science Addiction Treatment Center is a private, residential facility for English-speaking adults struggling with alcohol and/or drug addiction. We offer highly personalized inpatient services of short-, moderate- or long-term duration. Our goal is the provision of responsible, evidence-based treatment practices in a professional and affordable manner. Teaching constructive life skills is a primary means of discontinuing harmful or self-limiting behaviour, as well as in achieving successful levels of personal, social and occupational functioning. Finally, we hope to foster personal growth in supporting these complimentary goals: rehabilitation, maintenance of positive change and promotion of mental wellness.
The Canadian Treatment Centre for Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (CTCOCD, www.ctcocd.ca) is the national specialized treatment center for OCD and related disorders throughout the lifespan: children, adolescents, and adults. CTCOCD programs are tailored for persons whose symptoms and related difficulties range from very mild and newly developed to very severe and longstanding. Treatment is offered to Canadians from all provinces and regions and to international residents. Highly specialized CTCOCD services to optimize recovery involve office based sessions for most persons. Intensive treatment programs with a team of experts are available for local and out of town patients who need this service (i.e., prolonged sessions several times weekly or daily). Home visits are offered to help where symptoms occur. Therapist assisted home based specialty treatments may be offered as an effective alternative to hospitalization for very severe symptoms. Strategies for generalization of change, resilience, skills, and self-esteem as well as relapse prevention are integral. Phone or skype sessions are possible for individuals in remote regions who cannot access specialized care. Psychiatric and pharmacological consultation and treatment are available if needed with experienced staff psychiatrists affiliated with the CTCOCD. Treatment is not time-limited and services are bilingual.
The Canadian Treatment Centre for Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (CTCOCD, www.ctcocd.ca) is the national specialized treatment center for OCD and related disorders throughout the lifespan: children, adolescents, and adults. CTCOCD programs are tailored for persons whose symptoms and related difficulties range from very mild and newly developed to very severe and longstanding. Treatment is offered to Canadians from all provinces and regions and to international residents. Highly specialized CTCOCD services to optimize recovery involve office based sessions for most persons. Intensive treatment programs with a team of experts are available for local and out of town patients who need this service (i.e., prolonged sessions several times weekly or daily). Home visits are offered to help where symptoms occur. Therapist assisted home based specialty treatments may be offered as an effective alternative to hospitalization for very severe symptoms. Strategies for generalization of change, resilience, skills, and self-esteem as well as relapse prevention are integral. Phone or skype sessions are possible for individuals in remote regions who cannot access specialized care. Psychiatric and pharmacological consultation and treatment are available if needed with experienced staff psychiatrists affiliated with the CTCOCD. Treatment is not time-limited and services are bilingual.
OCCT has been providing psychological assessment and therapy services to clients in Oakville and surrounding areas for over 20 years. We specialize in the provision of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), which is an evidence-based psychological treatment for a vast array of presenting issues. We also offer a variety of psychological assessment options to: (a) clarify diagnoses and to inform treatment recommendations, (b) assess for Attention-Deficit Disorder, (c) assess for giftedness, and (d) to help individuals with career planning. We also conduct psycho-educational assessments to identify potential learning disabilities.
OCCT has been providing psychological assessment and therapy services to clients in Oakville and surrounding areas for over 20 years. We specialize in the provision of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), which is an evidence-based psychological treatment for a vast array of presenting issues. We also offer a variety of psychological assessment options to: (a) clarify diagnoses and to inform treatment recommendations, (b) assess for Attention-Deficit Disorder, (c) assess for giftedness, and (d) to help individuals with career planning. We also conduct psycho-educational assessments to identify potential learning disabilities.
The Kyla Fox Centre is the first of its kind private eating disorder recovery centre in Toronto. We provide a full spectrum of individualized and custom tailored treatment. This ranges from those who require an intensive treatment program (7 days per week, supervised meals) through to those who have established more stability in recovery, requiring work around transitioning back into life and relapse prevention. Some of the conditions we treat include, but are not limited to: anorexia nervosa, bulimia, binge eating disorder, and anything along the spectrum of disordered eating. The reasons behind why a person suffers are often unique. This is why our Centre does not operate from a one-size-fits-all approach. Instead, we develop and design individualized treatment plans for every client to best suit their personal needs. Throughout this process, our team will liaise with a client's external medical team to ensure safety and consistency of care.
The Kyla Fox Centre is the first of its kind private eating disorder recovery centre in Toronto. We provide a full spectrum of individualized and custom tailored treatment. This ranges from those who require an intensive treatment program (7 days per week, supervised meals) through to those who have established more stability in recovery, requiring work around transitioning back into life and relapse prevention. Some of the conditions we treat include, but are not limited to: anorexia nervosa, bulimia, binge eating disorder, and anything along the spectrum of disordered eating. The reasons behind why a person suffers are often unique. This is why our Centre does not operate from a one-size-fits-all approach. Instead, we develop and design individualized treatment plans for every client to best suit their personal needs. Throughout this process, our team will liaise with a client's external medical team to ensure safety and consistency of care.
Founded in 1993 and located in Metro Vancouver and Vancouver Island, Together We Can is one of Canada's premier treatment centres for men struggling with substance misuse issues. Our mission is to educate and support individuals and their families who desire a new life in recovery. We provide an immersive 60-90 day recovery-based primary addiction treatment experience and hosts an on-site medical clinic staffed by three physicians, a dietician, and a Registered Nurse. The medical clinic offers medication stabilization, detox/withdrawal management, and continued after-care. Together We Can offers a free program for families composed of an education group, grief and loss support group, and peer-based support meeting. Our staff and volunteers understand that long-term recovery is most successful when people are provided with health and wellness supports for physical, mental, and emotional healing. Our continuum of care includes residential and outpatient addiction treatment, transitional housing, after-care, and alumni initiatives.
Founded in 1993 and located in Metro Vancouver and Vancouver Island, Together We Can is one of Canada's premier treatment centres for men struggling with substance misuse issues. Our mission is to educate and support individuals and their families who desire a new life in recovery. We provide an immersive 60-90 day recovery-based primary addiction treatment experience and hosts an on-site medical clinic staffed by three physicians, a dietician, and a Registered Nurse. The medical clinic offers medication stabilization, detox/withdrawal management, and continued after-care. Together We Can offers a free program for families composed of an education group, grief and loss support group, and peer-based support meeting. Our staff and volunteers understand that long-term recovery is most successful when people are provided with health and wellness supports for physical, mental, and emotional healing. Our continuum of care includes residential and outpatient addiction treatment, transitional housing, after-care, and alumni initiatives.
The Orchard Recovery Center provides a full complement of treatment options to meet your personal needs. Flexible lengths of stay begin with our 10 day introduction to treatment, detox and stabilization, followed by 28, 42, and 90 plus day programs to build a solid foundation for recovery. Our outpatient office in West Vancouver, Family and Alumni services provide ongoing support for a lasting recovery.
The Orchard Recovery Center is licensed by the Vancouver Health Authority and accredited by CARF International, both of which demand a process of disciplined, continuous improvement and a framework for organizational excellence. Our comprehensive approach uses the best of evidence-based treatment plans, psychiatric assessments as needed, a cutting-edge curriculum and a holistic approach that has the 12 Steps as a foundation. Our unique program is time-tested and highly effective in meeting the specific needs of our clients. We set the gold standard in addiction recovery.
The Orchard Recovery Center provides a full complement of treatment options to meet your personal needs. Flexible lengths of stay begin with our 10 day introduction to treatment, detox and stabilization, followed by 28, 42, and 90 plus day programs to build a solid foundation for recovery. Our outpatient office in West Vancouver, Family and Alumni services provide ongoing support for a lasting recovery.
The Orchard Recovery Center is licensed by the Vancouver Health Authority and accredited by CARF International, both of which demand a process of disciplined, continuous improvement and a framework for organizational excellence. Our comprehensive approach uses the best of evidence-based treatment plans, psychiatric assessments as needed, a cutting-edge curriculum and a holistic approach that has the 12 Steps as a foundation. Our unique program is time-tested and highly effective in meeting the specific needs of our clients. We set the gold standard in addiction recovery.
Karibu Mental Health Network was born in response to the growing need for mental health professionals who can navigate the mental health experiences of clients beyond Western models of understanding illness, health and healing. We seek to strengthen communal efforts to make mental health services more widely available to the public. We are a team of Black, Indigenous and POC therapists who are passionate about the work we do and proud to be different.
Karibu Mental Health Network was born in response to the growing need for mental health professionals who can navigate the mental health experiences of clients beyond Western models of understanding illness, health and healing. We seek to strengthen communal efforts to make mental health services more widely available to the public. We are a team of Black, Indigenous and POC therapists who are passionate about the work we do and proud to be different.
Offering trauma informed care through a biopsychosocial lens, we take a strengths-based, relational, somatic, experiential approach to addressing the web of trauma impacts, such as social and cognitive functioning and physical health. We offer trauma-informed care, from a person-centred and respect-focused lens. Our comprehensive approach, utilizing evidence-based therapies such as EMDR, CBT, Somatic Therapies, and Biofeedback Self-regulation Training (HeartMath), is effective in reducing symptoms and increasing resiliency, improving overall well-being. Our team of highly specialized Doctoral and Masters level clinical counsellors and HeartMath Trainers offer extensive experience and cultural competence with Military and First Responders. Our Intensive Outpatient Programs offer accelerated recovery and additional support, making the dream of healing a reality.
Offering trauma informed care through a biopsychosocial lens, we take a strengths-based, relational, somatic, experiential approach to addressing the web of trauma impacts, such as social and cognitive functioning and physical health. We offer trauma-informed care, from a person-centred and respect-focused lens. Our comprehensive approach, utilizing evidence-based therapies such as EMDR, CBT, Somatic Therapies, and Biofeedback Self-regulation Training (HeartMath), is effective in reducing symptoms and increasing resiliency, improving overall well-being. Our team of highly specialized Doctoral and Masters level clinical counsellors and HeartMath Trainers offer extensive experience and cultural competence with Military and First Responders. Our Intensive Outpatient Programs offer accelerated recovery and additional support, making the dream of healing a reality.
As one of the GTA's most trusted and respected psychology practices, we provide therapy services to to a wide range of clients referred to us from local family physicians. We also book appointments directly with clients. Our therapeutic approach is short-term, focused, and efficient -- guided by the most current evidence for psychotherapy effectiveness.
As one of the GTA's most trusted and respected psychology practices, we provide therapy services to to a wide range of clients referred to us from local family physicians. We also book appointments directly with clients. Our therapeutic approach is short-term, focused, and efficient -- guided by the most current evidence for psychotherapy effectiveness.
Finding the proper treatment program that is focused on you and your issues rather than group issues can be a challenge. We are non 12 steps, and the program we have developed is individual, research-based, highly effective and totally confidential. We specialize in mental health treatment... getting to the root causes so that you can be assured of the best outcomes. Treatment at Centres for Health and Healing is client focused and because of our specialized approach to addiction we offer a LIFE TIME GUARANTEE with our treatment plan.
Finding the proper treatment program that is focused on you and your issues rather than group issues can be a challenge. We are non 12 steps, and the program we have developed is individual, research-based, highly effective and totally confidential. We specialize in mental health treatment... getting to the root causes so that you can be assured of the best outcomes. Treatment at Centres for Health and Healing is client focused and because of our specialized approach to addiction we offer a LIFE TIME GUARANTEE with our treatment plan.
Over 35 years of youth and adult addiction treatment services for drug, alcohol, video game and nicotine addiction. Last Door is a licensed accredited nonprofit charity that offers Private Medical Detox, Private Residential Treatment, and Family Program Retreats. Last Door Recovery Centre’s programs are designed to integrate with current patient's mental health team, compounding pharmacology, psychotherapy CBT, acupuncture, residential treatment, social model programming and long term peer support integration. Last Door is part of the New West Recovery Community, which is considered North America's most dynamic vibrant community for people to recovery. We teach people to not only rely on the medical model of recovery, but the community model as well. Visit our website for more details.
Over 35 years of youth and adult addiction treatment services for drug, alcohol, video game and nicotine addiction. Last Door is a licensed accredited nonprofit charity that offers Private Medical Detox, Private Residential Treatment, and Family Program Retreats. Last Door Recovery Centre’s programs are designed to integrate with current patient's mental health team, compounding pharmacology, psychotherapy CBT, acupuncture, residential treatment, social model programming and long term peer support integration. Last Door is part of the New West Recovery Community, which is considered North America's most dynamic vibrant community for people to recovery. We teach people to not only rely on the medical model of recovery, but the community model as well. Visit our website for more details.
Simcoe Addiction and Mental Health Inc
Treatment Centre
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cookstown, ON L0L
Simcoe Addiction and Mental Health is a private and accredited residential addiction treatment centre located in Cookstown, just minutes off Hwy 400. We offer evidence based, holistic treatment with a simultaneous focus on addiction and mental health for complete healing. Through our comprehensive approach to recovery, we work alongside you to develop a unique treatment plan catered to your specific needs. During our intensive and personalized treatment programs, clients will participate in daily therapeutic group sessions, 4 individual therapy sessions/week with a Master's level registered therapist, Psychiatric assessment & follow up, detox and free lifetime aftercare. Your health and well-being are of the utmost importance to us. Staying at SAMH will give you the ability to focus on your recovery. We provide you with the steps needed to ensure you come away with a healthy mind, body, and soul.
Simcoe Addiction and Mental Health is a private and accredited residential addiction treatment centre located in Cookstown, just minutes off Hwy 400. We offer evidence based, holistic treatment with a simultaneous focus on addiction and mental health for complete healing. Through our comprehensive approach to recovery, we work alongside you to develop a unique treatment plan catered to your specific needs. During our intensive and personalized treatment programs, clients will participate in daily therapeutic group sessions, 4 individual therapy sessions/week with a Master's level registered therapist, Psychiatric assessment & follow up, detox and free lifetime aftercare. Your health and well-being are of the utmost importance to us. Staying at SAMH will give you the ability to focus on your recovery. We provide you with the steps needed to ensure you come away with a healthy mind, body, and soul.
Springboard Clinic is a multidisciplinary medical clinic focused on ADHD assessment and treatment involving both pharmacological and psychotherapy intervention. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other mental health disorders commonly co-occurring with attention challenges are also evaluated and treated. The clinic, operating since 2009, serves children, teens, adults, and older adults and includes a health team comprised of specialist physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists, social workers, art therapists, nurses, and occupational therapists. Springboard offers a variety of assessment and treatment services. Those involving residents include psychoeducational assessments, mental health assessments, and medical consultations for medication management and monitoring for optimization of pharmacological intervention.
Springboard Clinic is a multidisciplinary medical clinic focused on ADHD assessment and treatment involving both pharmacological and psychotherapy intervention. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other mental health disorders commonly co-occurring with attention challenges are also evaluated and treated. The clinic, operating since 2009, serves children, teens, adults, and older adults and includes a health team comprised of specialist physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists, social workers, art therapists, nurses, and occupational therapists. Springboard offers a variety of assessment and treatment services. Those involving residents include psychoeducational assessments, mental health assessments, and medical consultations for medication management and monitoring for optimization of pharmacological intervention.
On behalf of all the staff and clinicians at Psychology Health Solutions, I welcome you to our clinic. Our main objective is to create a safe, caring, welcoming and culturally respectful environment for everyone. Making a difference in the lives of individuals and their families is at the very heart of the Psychology Health Solutions. Our goal is to assist our patients in creating opportunities for Hope, Wellness and Recovery. Sean Shahrokhnia, MA., C.Psych. Psychologist, Managing Director.
On behalf of all the staff and clinicians at Psychology Health Solutions, I welcome you to our clinic. Our main objective is to create a safe, caring, welcoming and culturally respectful environment for everyone. Making a difference in the lives of individuals and their families is at the very heart of the Psychology Health Solutions. Our goal is to assist our patients in creating opportunities for Hope, Wellness and Recovery. Sean Shahrokhnia, MA., C.Psych. Psychologist, Managing Director.
Our focus is to help our clients reach their goals for growth and healthy change, and to this end, we provide a variety of services. The scope of our work spans from assisting individuals, couples, and families, all the way to working closely with organizations on their people issues. Our well-trained and experienced therapists are committed to providing professional, personalized counselling, consulting, and psychological services
Our focus is to help our clients reach their goals for growth and healthy change, and to this end, we provide a variety of services. The scope of our work spans from assisting individuals, couples, and families, all the way to working closely with organizations on their people issues. Our well-trained and experienced therapists are committed to providing professional, personalized counselling, consulting, and psychological services
At MentalOptimist Clinic, we serve a diverse range of clients, including children, teenagers, adults, and families, who face various mental health challenges. Our clients include trauma survivors, individuals dealing with anxiety and depression, relationship issues, self-esteem and body image concerns, grief and loss, behavioural and developmental issues, addictive behaviours, stress and burnout, and those seeking personal growth. We are committed to providing compassionate, evidence-based care tailored to each individual's unique needs, empowering them on their journey towards mental wellness and resilience.
At MentalOptimist Clinic, we serve a diverse range of clients, including children, teenagers, adults, and families, who face various mental health challenges. Our clients include trauma survivors, individuals dealing with anxiety and depression, relationship issues, self-esteem and body image concerns, grief and loss, behavioural and developmental issues, addictive behaviours, stress and burnout, and those seeking personal growth. We are committed to providing compassionate, evidence-based care tailored to each individual's unique needs, empowering them on their journey towards mental wellness and resilience.
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FAQs - About Treatment Centers and Rehab
How can I find a treatment center in L4K?
The Psychology Today Directory has customizable search options that show potential treatment centers tailored to your location, including inpatient or outpatient, the types of insurance accepted, and even the programs the center specializes in. Finding the right treatment center can be vitally important, and the dropdown filters make it easier to find the best fit for you or your loved one.
How do treatment centers work?
There are treatment centers for individuals dealing with psychiatric issues as well as for those dealing with substance use or addiction, or who are dealing with both, also known as co-occurring disorders. The type of program that is right for an individual depends on their medical and mental health history, the severity of the issues they are dealing with, as well as their treatment goals. Individuals using the directory can filter to find a center best-suited to them based on their gender, the issues they are facing, such as addiction or a mental health condition, or the type of treatments they are seeking.
What is the difference between inpatient and outpatient treatments?
In an inpatient or residential treatment program, individuals receive treatment while living in a facility and have 24/7 access to care by medical professionals. There are various forms of outpatient treatment that offer different levels of care, including Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOPs) and Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHPs). PHPs tend to offer more time-intensive, supervised care than IOPs. Aftercare is another option that offers ongoing treatment for an individual recovering from substance use or addiction after they have achieved initial sobriety, which can take the form of either an inpatient or outpatient program.
How long is rehab?
Short term treatment usually lasts less than 30 days, while long term programs can last 60 days, 90 days, or longer, depending on the needs and goals of the individual and the structure of the program. Individuals searching for a treatment program in the directory can filter results by duration.
How much does rehab cost?
The price of treatment varies according to the length and type of service you search for, such as detox treatment, residential treatment, or outpatient treatment, as well as location and amenities offered. Non-profit centers are typically less expensive than private centers, but may have longer wait lists. Using the filters on the Psychology Today Treatment Center Directory can help narrow down which centers accept insurance plans, and, if so, which ones.
Does insurance cover rehab?
Health insurance typically covers rehab, but the extent of coverage depends on the particular policy, the treatment provider, and the needs of the individual. Individuals are encouraged to check with their insurance providers prior to entering a treatment program. Once you have confirmed coverage, you can use the Insurance filter on the Psychology Today Treatment Center Directory to find and contact centers that accept your insurance.
How do you get someone who refuses treatment into rehab?
It is important to convey compassion and understanding toward an individual dealing with an addiction problem. If a person refuses treatment at first, it’s important for their loved ones to continue to express their concerns in a kind and respectful manner, and to periodically encourage them to get help. It can take time for someone dealing with addiction to gain the motivation to make a change. In the meantime, it can be helpful for loved ones to set boundaries with the individual and educate themselves on the many treatment options that exist in order to have more informed conversations regarding recovery.