Therapists in V8W

Photo of Kate Steele, Counsellor, MA, RCC
Kate Steele
Counsellor, MA, RCC
2 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W
I work with adults, youth, children, and families. I use a strength-based approach to address concerns, and draw on the theories of narrative, response-based, cognitive behavioural and emotion focused therapy in my work. I also specialize in EMDR, an evidence-based trauma-focused therapy that addresses many mental health challenges. I also employ arts-based approaches, incorporating music and visual arts, especially when working with children and youth.
I work with adults, youth, children, and families. I use a strength-based approach to address concerns, and draw on the theories of narrative, response-based, cognitive behavioural and emotion focused therapy in my work. I also specialize in EMDR, an evidence-based trauma-focused therapy that addresses many mental health challenges. I also employ arts-based approaches, incorporating music and visual arts, especially when working with children and youth.
(855) 982-9363 View (855) 982-9363
Photo of Alexa Moore, Counsellor, RCC, MA
Alexa Moore
Counsellor, RCC, MA
5 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W
Waitlist for new clients
I work with children, teens and adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem and relational difficulties. My goal is to provide my clients with a space that supports them to tolerate and express big feelings, explore their inner experiences, and work towards their goals in life. Together we develop a tool-kit of skills and practices that will support their mental wellbeing so they can follow their passions, have deep and meaningful relationships, and grow their resilience to navigate the complexity and fullness of life.
I work with children, teens and adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem and relational difficulties. My goal is to provide my clients with a space that supports them to tolerate and express big feelings, explore their inner experiences, and work towards their goals in life. Together we develop a tool-kit of skills and practices that will support their mental wellbeing so they can follow their passions, have deep and meaningful relationships, and grow their resilience to navigate the complexity and fullness of life.
(581) 221-5196 View (581) 221-5196
Photo of Carolyn McLuskie - Phoenix Neurofeedback, Counsellor, MA, RCC
Phoenix Neurofeedback
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Victoria, BC V8W
Have you spent your entire life trying to get over your childhood? Do you deal with crippling anxiety, PTSD, crushing depression, severe sleep problems, or struggle with ADHD? My professional area of interest, and my expertise, is in helping people deal with the aftermath of trauma. I offer neurofeedback in-office. Neurofeedback reduces or eliminates symptoms that block your ability to live life to the fullest. Severe trauma--residential school survivors and their families, war veterans, those with histories of childhood abuse--may need two to three 20-session blocks.
Have you spent your entire life trying to get over your childhood? Do you deal with crippling anxiety, PTSD, crushing depression, severe sleep problems, or struggle with ADHD? My professional area of interest, and my expertise, is in helping people deal with the aftermath of trauma. I offer neurofeedback in-office. Neurofeedback reduces or eliminates symptoms that block your ability to live life to the fullest. Severe trauma--residential school survivors and their families, war veterans, those with histories of childhood abuse--may need two to three 20-session blocks.
(778) 400-4960 View (778) 400-4960
Photo of Dawn Cox - Dawn Cox Counselling, Counsellor, MEd, RCC
Dawn Cox Counselling
Counsellor, MEd, RCC
Victoria, BC V8W
No matter what you are struggling with, remember that on the other side of this difficult time will be increased wisdom, the exciting potential of a better you and more of what you want. We all have a survivor inside of us, an innate ability to overcome even the most difficult of challenges. Talking to someone can help you harness the strength that lives inside you. That is the essence of counselling.
No matter what you are struggling with, remember that on the other side of this difficult time will be increased wisdom, the exciting potential of a better you and more of what you want. We all have a survivor inside of us, an innate ability to overcome even the most difficult of challenges. Talking to someone can help you harness the strength that lives inside you. That is the essence of counselling.
(705) 702-5479 View (705) 702-5479
Photo of Crystal James, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RCSW
Crystal James
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RCSW
Victoria, BC V8W
Are you a teen, adult, or parent struggling with stress and anxiety, low mood or depression, trauma, relationship challenges, grief or loss, change and transitions, overwhelming emotions, or other difficulties that feel hard to manage on your own? Are you hoping for support that is genuine, non-judgmental, effective, and rooted in both a clinical and social justice background? Are you looking for someone who values diversity and has lived experience as a member of a historically marginalized group? Do you want to feel more grounded and more aligned so that you can better handle the challenges you face and begin to thrive?
Are you a teen, adult, or parent struggling with stress and anxiety, low mood or depression, trauma, relationship challenges, grief or loss, change and transitions, overwhelming emotions, or other difficulties that feel hard to manage on your own? Are you hoping for support that is genuine, non-judgmental, effective, and rooted in both a clinical and social justice background? Are you looking for someone who values diversity and has lived experience as a member of a historically marginalized group? Do you want to feel more grounded and more aligned so that you can better handle the challenges you face and begin to thrive?
(867) 322-0752 View (867) 322-0752
Photo of Karla Dolinsky, Counsellor, MC, RCC
Karla Dolinsky
Counsellor, MC, RCC
Victoria, BC V8W
How do we move through pain, loss, frustration, trauma or anxiety unless we learn skills & gain new insights or perspectives to do so? There's no reason to be held back by the hurdles to change, to effective communication, greater collaboration and fundamental healing. Karla focuses on practical details for today as well as the larger life picture. We will identify & engage your existing strengths and abilities in addition to helping you master new skills and gain understanding of what is blocking you. Karla works with your unique situation of loss, trauma, relationship challenges & the demands or limitations of your present life.
How do we move through pain, loss, frustration, trauma or anxiety unless we learn skills & gain new insights or perspectives to do so? There's no reason to be held back by the hurdles to change, to effective communication, greater collaboration and fundamental healing. Karla focuses on practical details for today as well as the larger life picture. We will identify & engage your existing strengths and abilities in addition to helping you master new skills and gain understanding of what is blocking you. Karla works with your unique situation of loss, trauma, relationship challenges & the demands or limitations of your present life.
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Photo of Richard Turner, Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
Richard Turner
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
1 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W
Are you navigating a major life transition, grappling with feelings of anxiety or depression, or working through the impacts of trauma? I’m here to provide support for those who feel stuck or uncertain, especially for individuals who struggle to express or share their challenges. I am passionate about creating a safe space for you to explore your needs, uncover your goals, and build a path toward healing and growth.
Are you navigating a major life transition, grappling with feelings of anxiety or depression, or working through the impacts of trauma? I’m here to provide support for those who feel stuck or uncertain, especially for individuals who struggle to express or share their challenges. I am passionate about creating a safe space for you to explore your needs, uncover your goals, and build a path toward healing and growth.
(778) 762-1777 View (778) 762-1777
Photo of Hanna Shapiro, Counsellor, MA, RCC
Hanna Shapiro
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Victoria, BC V8W
I am an RCC specializing in treating addiction, trauma, mood disorders, and interpersonal issues. My approach is rooted in the belief that a greater awareness of where our actions and reactions come from can give us the power to change. I work with my clients to understand how their attachment styles and life experiences have informed how they relate to others and to themselves. With this knowledge we work together to address unwanted behaviours and implement new coping skills for emotional regulation and communication.
I am an RCC specializing in treating addiction, trauma, mood disorders, and interpersonal issues. My approach is rooted in the belief that a greater awareness of where our actions and reactions come from can give us the power to change. I work with my clients to understand how their attachment styles and life experiences have informed how they relate to others and to themselves. With this knowledge we work together to address unwanted behaviours and implement new coping skills for emotional regulation and communication.
(778) 901-6254 View (778) 901-6254
Photo of Carrie Everett, Counsellor, MC, CCC
Carrie Everett
Counsellor, MC, CCC
2 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W
Navigating through the world comes with inherent challenges, and sometimes what we’re seeking for support is more than what our friends or family can provide. My goal is to create a safe, non-judgmental therapeutic space where you can show up as you are, feel seen and heard, and together, we co-create the helpful way forward. My approach is integrative, trauma-informed, and social justice oriented.
Navigating through the world comes with inherent challenges, and sometimes what we’re seeking for support is more than what our friends or family can provide. My goal is to create a safe, non-judgmental therapeutic space where you can show up as you are, feel seen and heard, and together, we co-create the helpful way forward. My approach is integrative, trauma-informed, and social justice oriented.
(249) 504-3094 View (249) 504-3094
Photo of Miranda Harvey, Counsellor, MC, RCC
Miranda Harvey
Counsellor, MC, RCC
14 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W
I am honoured your journey has led you here. Welcome. Whether you’re a young adult or elder, interested in individual or partnered counselling, I can help you manage stress, depression, anxiety, trauma, and pain; improve your relationships; navigate grief and loss; and become better friends with yourself. I enjoy working with people of diverse backgrounds to situate problems in systems of influence, unveiling your inner resources by collaborating with you to connect your values and interests with your goals for meaningful self-directed transformation and life management.
I am honoured your journey has led you here. Welcome. Whether you’re a young adult or elder, interested in individual or partnered counselling, I can help you manage stress, depression, anxiety, trauma, and pain; improve your relationships; navigate grief and loss; and become better friends with yourself. I enjoy working with people of diverse backgrounds to situate problems in systems of influence, unveiling your inner resources by collaborating with you to connect your values and interests with your goals for meaningful self-directed transformation and life management.
(289) 273-8838 View (289) 273-8838
Photo of Morgan Brooks, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Morgan Brooks
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
1 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W
Wow, it’s a tough time right now, how are you holding up? If it seems like the tide you’ve been swimming against your whole life just turned into a tsunami, you’re not alone. Being queer, trans, neurodiverse, non-monogamous, or otherwise outside of the box isn't easy, even at the best of times, but you don’t have to face it on your own. Whether you're suffering with anxiety, depression, stress or burnout, struggling in your relationships, or grappling with an increasingly hostile world, we all deserve the support, connection and care we need to show up as the partners, caregivers, creatives, healers and changemakers we long to be.
Wow, it’s a tough time right now, how are you holding up? If it seems like the tide you’ve been swimming against your whole life just turned into a tsunami, you’re not alone. Being queer, trans, neurodiverse, non-monogamous, or otherwise outside of the box isn't easy, even at the best of times, but you don’t have to face it on your own. Whether you're suffering with anxiety, depression, stress or burnout, struggling in your relationships, or grappling with an increasingly hostile world, we all deserve the support, connection and care we need to show up as the partners, caregivers, creatives, healers and changemakers we long to be.
(902) 906-9789 View (902) 906-9789
Photo of Kathryn Pybus, Counsellor, MCP-AT, RCC
Kathryn Pybus
Counsellor, MCP-AT, RCC
1 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W
Counselling is a courageous step in the direction of positive change. As your therapist, I hold myself to providing the highest quality of service determined by the ethics and standards of my profession. Practicing from a place of compassion, non-judgment, curiosity, and respect, I strive to facilitate each client's innate capacity for positive growth and development. My clinical specializations include disordered eating, depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma, childhood sexual abuse, and relationship issues.
Counselling is a courageous step in the direction of positive change. As your therapist, I hold myself to providing the highest quality of service determined by the ethics and standards of my profession. Practicing from a place of compassion, non-judgment, curiosity, and respect, I strive to facilitate each client's innate capacity for positive growth and development. My clinical specializations include disordered eating, depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma, childhood sexual abuse, and relationship issues.
(778) 765-3672 View (778) 765-3672
Photo of Rachel Dee Athey, Counsellor, MACP, RCC
Rachel Dee Athey
Counsellor, MACP, RCC
Victoria, BC V8W
Not accepting new clients
I approach counselling from a relational, person-centered, trauma-informed lens. I most often engage in long-term therapeutic relationships with my clients or support folks looking for short-term help in processing difficult experiences and trauma. I tailor sessions and my approach based on client's needs and prioritize their sense of safety at all times. My approach utilizes techniques and theory from Trauma Focused and Attachment-based Psychotherapy, Internal Family Systems (IFS), EMDR, Integral Somatic Psychology (ISP), Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Positive Psychology.
I approach counselling from a relational, person-centered, trauma-informed lens. I most often engage in long-term therapeutic relationships with my clients or support folks looking for short-term help in processing difficult experiences and trauma. I tailor sessions and my approach based on client's needs and prioritize their sense of safety at all times. My approach utilizes techniques and theory from Trauma Focused and Attachment-based Psychotherapy, Internal Family Systems (IFS), EMDR, Integral Somatic Psychology (ISP), Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Positive Psychology.
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Photo of Laura Di Castri, Counsellor, MACP, RCC
Laura Di Castri
Counsellor, MACP, RCC
Victoria, BC V8W
My approach with clients is to provide a safe and non-judgemental space to explore life challenges and work toward better functioning. I draw on different approaches such as cognitive behavioural therapy, solution focused therapy and polvagal informed theory in order to customize the counselling experience to the unique needs of the client. My practice is centred around values of curiosity and respect for the client’s lived experience, with a focus on creating more self compassion and internal safety. I believe that we can access internal strengths that foster improved wellbeing through increased awareness and intentional practice.
My approach with clients is to provide a safe and non-judgemental space to explore life challenges and work toward better functioning. I draw on different approaches such as cognitive behavioural therapy, solution focused therapy and polvagal informed theory in order to customize the counselling experience to the unique needs of the client. My practice is centred around values of curiosity and respect for the client’s lived experience, with a focus on creating more self compassion and internal safety. I believe that we can access internal strengths that foster improved wellbeing through increased awareness and intentional practice.
(226) 840-2165 View (226) 840-2165
Photo of Emily Jane Schmitt, Counsellor, BSW, MA, RCC
Emily Jane Schmitt
Counsellor, BSW, MA, RCC
2 Endorsed
Victoria, BC V8W
Warm, safe connection and non-judgmental therapy in Victoria, BC. I offer evidence-based therapies to help my clients experience wellbeing and "come back" to themselves. Issues that I often work with include overcoming anxiety, finding purpose, bolstering self esteem, and improving relationships with others and with one's self. My clients typically experience a marked increase in confidence and self-control following our work together.
Warm, safe connection and non-judgmental therapy in Victoria, BC. I offer evidence-based therapies to help my clients experience wellbeing and "come back" to themselves. Issues that I often work with include overcoming anxiety, finding purpose, bolstering self esteem, and improving relationships with others and with one's self. My clients typically experience a marked increase in confidence and self-control following our work together.
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Photo of Leah Wilson, Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Leah Wilson
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Victoria, BC V8W
Not accepting new clients
Many of the clients I work with are struggling to find satisfaction in their work and relationships, which often shows up in the way of depression, worries/anxiety, and/or the use of unhelpful coping strategies (e.g., substances, food). I specialize in working with teenagers and adults who are seeking more constructive and satisfying romantic, social, and/or work relationships. Issues related to self-esteem/confidence and identity are also areas included in my practice. I am a Registered Psychologist with 12 years of training and experience. I just completed my PhD in Counselling Psychology.
Many of the clients I work with are struggling to find satisfaction in their work and relationships, which often shows up in the way of depression, worries/anxiety, and/or the use of unhelpful coping strategies (e.g., substances, food). I specialize in working with teenagers and adults who are seeking more constructive and satisfying romantic, social, and/or work relationships. Issues related to self-esteem/confidence and identity are also areas included in my practice. I am a Registered Psychologist with 12 years of training and experience. I just completed my PhD in Counselling Psychology.
(855) 474-2439 View (855) 474-2439
Photo of Miki Hotel, Counsellor, MC, RCC
Miki Hotel
Counsellor, MC, RCC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Let’s face it: life can sometimes feel like trying to fold a fitted sheet—awkward, frustrating, and no matter what you do, those corners just won’t match up. If you're neurodiverse, navigating this already chaotic world can feel like an extreme sport without protective gear. That’s where I come in. I'm Miki, and I specialize in helping adults with ADHD, ASD, and those within the queer and trans communities. Everyone deserves to have a space where they can be themselves. I'll be your co-pilot, guiding you through the turbulence with a sense of humor and a warm, non-judgmental space where you can unfold into your most authentic self.
Let’s face it: life can sometimes feel like trying to fold a fitted sheet—awkward, frustrating, and no matter what you do, those corners just won’t match up. If you're neurodiverse, navigating this already chaotic world can feel like an extreme sport without protective gear. That’s where I come in. I'm Miki, and I specialize in helping adults with ADHD, ASD, and those within the queer and trans communities. Everyone deserves to have a space where they can be themselves. I'll be your co-pilot, guiding you through the turbulence with a sense of humor and a warm, non-judgmental space where you can unfold into your most authentic self.
(450) 823-0407 View (450) 823-0407
Photo of Stephen Marcus - PRYSM Counselling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RCSW
PRYSM Counselling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Men tend to spend a lot of time trying to solve problems and keep on a brave face. Society sends out all kinds of messages that men should strong by keeping things in, not asking for help, and not being a burden on others. This has led to Men feeling disconnection from themselves and the ones they care about. Do you find yourself in isolation with your problems, tend to keep your pain to yourself, or just want to feel more connected? Do you spend a lot of time and energy trying to out think your problems? If you want to find more peace and personal security, you're not alone.
Men tend to spend a lot of time trying to solve problems and keep on a brave face. Society sends out all kinds of messages that men should strong by keeping things in, not asking for help, and not being a burden on others. This has led to Men feeling disconnection from themselves and the ones they care about. Do you find yourself in isolation with your problems, tend to keep your pain to yourself, or just want to feel more connected? Do you spend a lot of time and energy trying to out think your problems? If you want to find more peace and personal security, you're not alone.
(506) 315-3612 View (506) 315-3612
Photo of Tamara Pearl, Counsellor, MA, RCC
Tamara Pearl
Counsellor, MA, RCC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I will help you access your body based intuition so that you can find answers that are right for you. Your inner somatic wisdom holds the answer to what you need to feel good. While our minds are busy trying to figure things out, our body's somatic felt sense has a sense of what resonates. For over 20 years I have helped people heal from personal, intergenerational, and collective trauma, depression, and more using focusing therapy, art therapy, EMDR and more. Psychedelic somatic interactional psychotherapy uses cannabis or low dose ketamine to help your nervous system release stored trauma.
I will help you access your body based intuition so that you can find answers that are right for you. Your inner somatic wisdom holds the answer to what you need to feel good. While our minds are busy trying to figure things out, our body's somatic felt sense has a sense of what resonates. For over 20 years I have helped people heal from personal, intergenerational, and collective trauma, depression, and more using focusing therapy, art therapy, EMDR and more. Psychedelic somatic interactional psychotherapy uses cannabis or low dose ketamine to help your nervous system release stored trauma.
(604) 243-1402 View (604) 243-1402
Photo of Robert Phillips, Counsellor, MMus, MCP, RCC
Robert Phillips
Counsellor, MMus, MCP, RCC
4 Endorsed
Online Only
How long will this last? Am I doomed to feel like this forever? It’s possible that you may be asking these questions. You might also be feeling alone - like no one else truly understands what you’re going through. Your worries play over and over in your head like a broken record, and you can't seem to just enjoy life and be yourself. Maybe you even feel like you’re broken.
How long will this last? Am I doomed to feel like this forever? It’s possible that you may be asking these questions. You might also be feeling alone - like no one else truly understands what you’re going through. Your worries play over and over in your head like a broken record, and you can't seem to just enjoy life and be yourself. Maybe you even feel like you’re broken.
(778) 764-1120 View (778) 764-1120

See more therapy options for V8W

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in V8W

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in V8W who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
85% Self Esteem
84% Relationship Issues
76% Stress
71% Trauma and PTSD
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

48% SunLife
48% Canada Life | Great-West Life
45% Green Shield Canada

How Counsellors in V8W see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
17% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in V8W?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.