Therapists in V2S

Transformation begins when we transform how we connect—with ourselves and with those we love. Whether you are a couple trapped in painful conflict, a family drifting apart, or an individual searching for meaning amid anxiety and anger, your healing journey has a clear destination here. Utilizing evidence-based family therapy and compassionate, person-centred individual counselling, I actively restore broken communication and heal inner wounds. Integrating Art, Inner Child, and Family Role therapies, I provide you with practical and emotional tools to break free from old patterns.
Transformation begins when we transform how we connect—with ourselves and with those we love. Whether you are a couple trapped in painful conflict, a family drifting apart, or an individual searching for meaning amid anxiety and anger, your healing journey has a clear destination here. Utilizing evidence-based family therapy and compassionate, person-centred individual counselling, I actively restore broken communication and heal inner wounds. Integrating Art, Inner Child, and Family Role therapies, I provide you with practical and emotional tools to break free from old patterns.
(825) 479-1544 View (825) 479-1544
Theresa Jouan
Counsellor, MSc, BCBA, RCC
2 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
Sometimes we realize a degree of feeling 'stuck' that we want help with and other times it's a feeling of overwhelm or we're at our breaking point; the timing is different for everyone. My approach pulls from many different modalities including: Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Observed & Experiential Integration. The approach we use in session will be talked through and led by your situation, your style, preferences and your strengths in combination with my expertise. Reach out for your free, initial 15 minute call today so that we can determine if a good fit is there to build on.
Sometimes we realize a degree of feeling 'stuck' that we want help with and other times it's a feeling of overwhelm or we're at our breaking point; the timing is different for everyone. My approach pulls from many different modalities including: Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Observed & Experiential Integration. The approach we use in session will be talked through and led by your situation, your style, preferences and your strengths in combination with my expertise. Reach out for your free, initial 15 minute call today so that we can determine if a good fit is there to build on.
(289) 278-8661 View (289) 278-8661
Matthew Herman
Counsellor, MC , CCC
1 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
If life feels overwhelming or perhaps feels like you are in emotional pain and are having trouble coping, I meet clients where they are at in their struggles and help them to unpack their emotions and offer strategies for increased resilliancy. I practice from a strength and client-centred approach. I have worked with children and youth for over 8 years and apply this knowledge in my clinical work with children youth and families. Being a father myself, I can relate to some of the hardships that families endure and stand beside my clients to offer support and validation.
If life feels overwhelming or perhaps feels like you are in emotional pain and are having trouble coping, I meet clients where they are at in their struggles and help them to unpack their emotions and offer strategies for increased resilliancy. I practice from a strength and client-centred approach. I have worked with children and youth for over 8 years and apply this knowledge in my clinical work with children youth and families. Being a father myself, I can relate to some of the hardships that families endure and stand beside my clients to offer support and validation.
(778) 763-1426 View (778) 763-1426
Candace Stock
Counsellor, MA, RCC
1 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
I work with individuals and couples navigating the perinatal season, including pregnancy, postpartum, infertility, loss, and birth trauma. This time can bring more than expected, like anxiety, disconnection, relationship strain, or past experiences resurfacing. Many clients feel overwhelmed or unsure why things feel so hard. In our work, we slow things down and explore what’s underneath, including your nervous system, history, and relationships. From there, we build capacity for regulation, connection, and choice, so you can move through this season with more steadiness and self-trust.
I work with individuals and couples navigating the perinatal season, including pregnancy, postpartum, infertility, loss, and birth trauma. This time can bring more than expected, like anxiety, disconnection, relationship strain, or past experiences resurfacing. Many clients feel overwhelmed or unsure why things feel so hard. In our work, we slow things down and explore what’s underneath, including your nervous system, history, and relationships. From there, we build capacity for regulation, connection, and choice, so you can move through this season with more steadiness and self-trust.
(782) 819-3779 View (782) 819-3779
Neil Mercer Counselling Services
Counsellor, MA, RCC
1 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
I work primarily with adults, adolescents and families; specifically in the areas of mental health, addictions and relationship issues. I also see a lot of couples dealing with various conflicts and attachment injuries. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis and personality disorders. I also have experience working with addictions (both chemical and process addictions). I have specialization in EMDR for trauma, EFT and Gottman couples therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, and Emotionally Focussed Family Therapy among others.
I work primarily with adults, adolescents and families; specifically in the areas of mental health, addictions and relationship issues. I also see a lot of couples dealing with various conflicts and attachment injuries. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis and personality disorders. I also have experience working with addictions (both chemical and process addictions). I have specialization in EMDR for trauma, EFT and Gottman couples therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, and Emotionally Focussed Family Therapy among others.
(778) 402-5366 View (778) 402-5366
Yoko Gifford
Counsellor, MCP-AT, RCC, CCC
Abbotsford, BC V2S
Have you heard yourself say things like: • “I’ve lived with anxiety for as long as I can remember.” • “My emotions take over, and I don’t know what to do with them.” • “My body hurts all the time, and I’m so tired of carrying it.” • “There’s so much anger inside me, and I don’t know where to put it.” • “I’m reacting just like my parents did… and I’m scared I won’t break the cycle.” If any of this feels familiar, you’re not alone. These aren’t signs of weakness - they’re deeply human experiences that many of us quietly carry for years. The truth is, we aren’t meant to hold our pain alone. And, I'm here to help you carry it with you.
Have you heard yourself say things like: • “I’ve lived with anxiety for as long as I can remember.” • “My emotions take over, and I don’t know what to do with them.” • “My body hurts all the time, and I’m so tired of carrying it.” • “There’s so much anger inside me, and I don’t know where to put it.” • “I’m reacting just like my parents did… and I’m scared I won’t break the cycle.” If any of this feels familiar, you’re not alone. These aren’t signs of weakness - they’re deeply human experiences that many of us quietly carry for years. The truth is, we aren’t meant to hold our pain alone. And, I'm here to help you carry it with you.
(226) 799-2149 View (226) 799-2149
Becky Lea Edwards
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW, RCC
1 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
I am privileged to walk alongside folks who are seeking insight, meaning, healing, and looking for new ways to walk through old patterns. I work with people from adolescence through adulthood navigating anxiety, depression, justice involved folks, trauma, life transitions, and relationships, and especially appreciate the work I do with men and young adults. The modalities I use include EMDR, Relational Life Therapy, and Internal Family Systems.
I am privileged to walk alongside folks who are seeking insight, meaning, healing, and looking for new ways to walk through old patterns. I work with people from adolescence through adulthood navigating anxiety, depression, justice involved folks, trauma, life transitions, and relationships, and especially appreciate the work I do with men and young adults. The modalities I use include EMDR, Relational Life Therapy, and Internal Family Systems.
(365) 360-7353 View (365) 360-7353
Jas Hundal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, RCC, RCSW, MSW, BSW
3 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
I am a Registered Clinical Social Worker with the BC College of Social Workers, Ontario College of Social Workers and a Registered Clinical Counsellor with the BC Association of Clinical Counsellors. I am also the Founder and Clinical Director of Hundal Counselling Centre. I believe that a counselor is a guide in a clients journey of healing and self-awareness. My practice is rooted in a holistic approach and I utilize techniques that integrate physical, mental, social, emotional and spiritual health. I fluently speak Punjabi & English.
I am a Registered Clinical Social Worker with the BC College of Social Workers, Ontario College of Social Workers and a Registered Clinical Counsellor with the BC Association of Clinical Counsellors. I am also the Founder and Clinical Director of Hundal Counselling Centre. I believe that a counselor is a guide in a clients journey of healing and self-awareness. My practice is rooted in a holistic approach and I utilize techniques that integrate physical, mental, social, emotional and spiritual health. I fluently speak Punjabi & English.
(778) 767-2189 View (778) 767-2189
Kristi Wijnsma
Counsellor, RCC, CCC
1 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
Life can feel lonely and overwhelming in the midst of struggle. Shame can keep us stuck, isolated, and away from connection. If you are struggling and navigating a challenge, conflict, change, decision, or loss, there is hope and relief when we can connect with an attuned other. Your story and the adaptive ways that you have used to survive painful experiences will be honoured. Your body is wise and your emotions are powerful messengers that provide much insight. My hope for you is that through our work together, you will reconnect with your authentic Self and your intuitive wisdom.
Life can feel lonely and overwhelming in the midst of struggle. Shame can keep us stuck, isolated, and away from connection. If you are struggling and navigating a challenge, conflict, change, decision, or loss, there is hope and relief when we can connect with an attuned other. Your story and the adaptive ways that you have used to survive painful experiences will be honoured. Your body is wise and your emotions are powerful messengers that provide much insight. My hope for you is that through our work together, you will reconnect with your authentic Self and your intuitive wisdom.
(236) 239-0331 View (236) 239-0331
Kendra Giesbrecht
Counsellor, MCS-MFT, RCC
2 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
I work with clients from a variety of demographics and backgrounds, ages 13 and up. Whether it's working with stress, anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, relational challenges, self-confidence, spirituality, and more, I love to walk alongside clients as they learn how to be better connected to themselves and to others. I believe that lasting change doesn't come just through reading self-help books and listening to podcasts; rather, it is through being held in a space with a safe other that allows us the permission to enter into the vulnerable places of our own stories and show up as our most authentic selves.
I work with clients from a variety of demographics and backgrounds, ages 13 and up. Whether it's working with stress, anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, relational challenges, self-confidence, spirituality, and more, I love to walk alongside clients as they learn how to be better connected to themselves and to others. I believe that lasting change doesn't come just through reading self-help books and listening to podcasts; rather, it is through being held in a space with a safe other that allows us the permission to enter into the vulnerable places of our own stories and show up as our most authentic selves.
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Harjinder (Harj) Kaur Heer
Counsellor, MA, RCC
2 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
In sessions, one of my goals is to be mindful and offer a safe place for clients to share personal thoughts and experiences. Being present in each moment allows me to focus on a strong therapeutic relationship with my clients. This relationship then leads to us collaboratively establishing goals as well as working toward goals. I am available in Abbotsford on Mondays, Tuesdays and Saturdays and at Living Wellness Center in South Surrey on Wednesdays and Fridays.
In sessions, one of my goals is to be mindful and offer a safe place for clients to share personal thoughts and experiences. Being present in each moment allows me to focus on a strong therapeutic relationship with my clients. This relationship then leads to us collaboratively establishing goals as well as working toward goals. I am available in Abbotsford on Mondays, Tuesdays and Saturdays and at Living Wellness Center in South Surrey on Wednesdays and Fridays.
(778) 655-0657 View (778) 655-0657
Nike Famojuro
Counsellor, MCC, MSc, RCC
1 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
My ideal clients are individuals and couples who appear to be functioning well on the outside but feel stuck, overwhelmed, or weighed down inside. They are professionals, mothers, and multicultural families navigating the complexity of real life. They come carrying anxiety, relational breakdown, unprocessed trauma, and the weight of patterns rooted in the past. I offer a safe, structured, and non judgmental space that is trauma informed, culturally responsive, and faith informed for those who welcome it. Using evidence based approaches including CBT, EFT, DBT and the Gottman Method.
My ideal clients are individuals and couples who appear to be functioning well on the outside but feel stuck, overwhelmed, or weighed down inside. They are professionals, mothers, and multicultural families navigating the complexity of real life. They come carrying anxiety, relational breakdown, unprocessed trauma, and the weight of patterns rooted in the past. I offer a safe, structured, and non judgmental space that is trauma informed, culturally responsive, and faith informed for those who welcome it. Using evidence based approaches including CBT, EFT, DBT and the Gottman Method.
(236) 506-3561 View (236) 506-3561
Alycia Ceballos
Counsellor, RCC, MFT
Abbotsford, BC V2S
I am passionate about helping adults who are recovering from relational/complex trauma, are stuck in the same emotional struggles as long as they can remember, feel numb or unexpectedly taken over by emotions, or are experiencing the same triggers and patterns no matter what they have tried. I believe we are wired for healing, and my role is to join you in your suffering, undo your aloneness, and help you to tune into the inner wisdom your body holds, a wisdom that had to be hidden or pushed away for a long time in order to cope or survive, but when we shine light on it again, can start to offer growth and healing.
I am passionate about helping adults who are recovering from relational/complex trauma, are stuck in the same emotional struggles as long as they can remember, feel numb or unexpectedly taken over by emotions, or are experiencing the same triggers and patterns no matter what they have tried. I believe we are wired for healing, and my role is to join you in your suffering, undo your aloneness, and help you to tune into the inner wisdom your body holds, a wisdom that had to be hidden or pushed away for a long time in order to cope or survive, but when we shine light on it again, can start to offer growth and healing.
(506) 503-7232 View (506) 503-7232
Anxiety Counselling Services- Clo Nickel, MPCC
Counsellor, RPC, MPCC
1 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
Struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, panic attacks, OCD, grief & loss, life transitions or other life challenges? Take the first step towards healing through evidence-based strategies, and the deep work of core emotional processing. My therapeutic approach is person-centered, warm, compassionate, and uniquely understanding. During my career, I have been profoundly honoured to witness and help guide my clients to not only heal, but thrive and grow into their authentic selves.
Struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, panic attacks, OCD, grief & loss, life transitions or other life challenges? Take the first step towards healing through evidence-based strategies, and the deep work of core emotional processing. My therapeutic approach is person-centered, warm, compassionate, and uniquely understanding. During my career, I have been profoundly honoured to witness and help guide my clients to not only heal, but thrive and grow into their authentic selves.
(226) 210-0270 View (226) 210-0270
Barb Turner
Pre-Licensed Professional, MACP, BKin
Abbotsford, BC V2S
My ideal client is someone that is seeking deeper healing, meaninigful change, and is wanting to navigate complex life patterns in a new way. I have a special focus on twins, although any individuals exploring pre/peri natal experiences, repetitive & disruptive family or behvioural patterns, or the impacts of Chilodhood Sexual Abuse and/or PTSD. My clients may struggle with obesity & weight management, religious & spiritual (R/S) identity, boundary setting or be moving thorugh aging, loss, or the dying process. They may want trauma informed exercise and to build resiliency and clarity for sustainable growth.
My ideal client is someone that is seeking deeper healing, meaninigful change, and is wanting to navigate complex life patterns in a new way. I have a special focus on twins, although any individuals exploring pre/peri natal experiences, repetitive & disruptive family or behvioural patterns, or the impacts of Chilodhood Sexual Abuse and/or PTSD. My clients may struggle with obesity & weight management, religious & spiritual (R/S) identity, boundary setting or be moving thorugh aging, loss, or the dying process. They may want trauma informed exercise and to build resiliency and clarity for sustainable growth.
(778) 762-4076 View (778) 762-4076
Sabrina Cheema
Counsellor, RCC, BSc, MACP
1 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
Taking the first step toward therapy can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to navigate it alone. I’m here to provide a safe, supportive, and judgment-free space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and challenges at your own pace. Having grown up in a South Asian household, I understand the unique struggles of balancing personal identity with cultural and family expectations. Whether you're navigating stress, anxiety, relationships, self-esteem, or life transitions, my goal is to help you feel heard, empowered, and in control of your well-being.
Taking the first step toward therapy can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to navigate it alone. I’m here to provide a safe, supportive, and judgment-free space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and challenges at your own pace. Having grown up in a South Asian household, I understand the unique struggles of balancing personal identity with cultural and family expectations. Whether you're navigating stress, anxiety, relationships, self-esteem, or life transitions, my goal is to help you feel heard, empowered, and in control of your well-being.
(236) 800-9047 View (236) 800-9047
Megan Beck Counselling Services
Counsellor, MA
1 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
Welcome! I am so happy that you dropped by to view my profile. I hope that you will see through the various information that my strong desire is to connect with each individual to create a safe space for you to talk about your struggles, needs, and goals for counselling. My approach is client-centered and driven by you, the client. My hope is to come alongside to support and empower you to become the best version of yourself - owning your story (past, present, and future).
Welcome! I am so happy that you dropped by to view my profile. I hope that you will see through the various information that my strong desire is to connect with each individual to create a safe space for you to talk about your struggles, needs, and goals for counselling. My approach is client-centered and driven by you, the client. My hope is to come alongside to support and empower you to become the best version of yourself - owning your story (past, present, and future).
(778) 654-5768 View (778) 654-5768
Shawnda Johnston
Counsellor, MA, RCC
1 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
There are many ways to approach human hardship and suffering. My goal is to assist you in your journey by providing a safe environment in which to grow and heal. In both my personal and professional life, I continue to be amazed by how we adapt and persevere through life's challenges and difficulties. I believe we are not meant to go through this journey alone, and in our difficult times it is important to find extra support. It is my hope, as a counsellor, to encourage you in this journey and provide you with some extra tools for the road ahead.
There are many ways to approach human hardship and suffering. My goal is to assist you in your journey by providing a safe environment in which to grow and heal. In both my personal and professional life, I continue to be amazed by how we adapt and persevere through life's challenges and difficulties. I believe we are not meant to go through this journey alone, and in our difficult times it is important to find extra support. It is my hope, as a counsellor, to encourage you in this journey and provide you with some extra tools for the road ahead.
(249) 700-9572 View (249) 700-9572
Iosif Oros
Counsellor, BA, MC, RCC
2 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
As a counsellor, I am dedicated to supporting children, youth, young adults, and adults recognize their inner strengths and develop effective coping skills. Through this journey, clients gain deeper self-awareness and insight, leading to meaningful personal growth and lasting change. My work goes beyond immediate concerns—it's about building long-term resilience and emotional well-being. I have experience working with young people with ADHD, autism, and developmental disabilities, as well as supporting adults facing anxiety, relationship issues, anger, and addiction.
As a counsellor, I am dedicated to supporting children, youth, young adults, and adults recognize their inner strengths and develop effective coping skills. Through this journey, clients gain deeper self-awareness and insight, leading to meaningful personal growth and lasting change. My work goes beyond immediate concerns—it's about building long-term resilience and emotional well-being. I have experience working with young people with ADHD, autism, and developmental disabilities, as well as supporting adults facing anxiety, relationship issues, anger, and addiction.
(807) 809-9967 View (807) 809-9967
Cara Tull
Counsellor, RCC, MACP
3 Endorsed
Abbotsford, BC V2S
Have you found there's a disconnect between who you truly are inside, and the patterns of survival you seem stuck in? If you want to explore new paths forward, learn what it truly means to "feel your feelings", and to experience that in a supportive space with a compassionate and attuned therapist, I encourage you to reach out. My desire is for you to feel supported, seen, and hopeful for your future, based in your unique strengths and insights.
Have you found there's a disconnect between who you truly are inside, and the patterns of survival you seem stuck in? If you want to explore new paths forward, learn what it truly means to "feel your feelings", and to experience that in a supportive space with a compassionate and attuned therapist, I encourage you to reach out. My desire is for you to feel supported, seen, and hopeful for your future, based in your unique strengths and insights.
(587) 815-4834 View (587) 815-4834

See more therapy options for V2S

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in V2S

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in V2S who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
90% Social Anxiety
90% Health Anxiety
90% Driving Anxiety
84% Depression
79% Self Esteem
78% Stress

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

57% Green Shield Canada
57% Pacific Blue Cross
57% SunLife

How Counsellors in V2S see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in V2S?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.