Therapists in V0R

Photo of Kelsy Leigh Cahill, Psychologist, MEd, CCC
Kelsy Leigh Cahill
Psychologist, MEd, CCC
1 Endorsed
Chemainus, BC V0R
I am a Registered Psychologist currently accepting new clients for counselling and psychological assessment services. I am registered in both Alberta and British Columbia. In my counselling practice, I believe that self-awareness and self-understanding are fundamental for empowerment and change. I endeavor to apply a collaborative approach with each client in order to build a shared understanding of themselves and the concerns that they bring to each session. I recognize that understanding in itself does not always result in the desired change, and work to address barriers to client goals using trauma-informed interventions.
I am a Registered Psychologist currently accepting new clients for counselling and psychological assessment services. I am registered in both Alberta and British Columbia. In my counselling practice, I believe that self-awareness and self-understanding are fundamental for empowerment and change. I endeavor to apply a collaborative approach with each client in order to build a shared understanding of themselves and the concerns that they bring to each session. I recognize that understanding in itself does not always result in the desired change, and work to address barriers to client goals using trauma-informed interventions.
(587) 800-5283 View (587) 800-5283
Photo of Nevin J. Harper, Counsellor, PhD, MA, RCC
Nevin J. Harper
Counsellor, PhD, MA, RCC
Mill Bay, BC V0R
We live in a rapidly changing and often unsettled world. Stress, anxiety and depression are common reactions to never ending barrage of the trials of daily life. Our bodies are adapting to these challenges in the best way they know how. Sometimes it's too much. Sometimes we need to ask for support to initiate change or make sense of our situations. 250-589-5500 (text only). Located in Mill Bay but offer outdoor sessions between Spectacle Lake, Bright Angel Park, and places in between.
We live in a rapidly changing and often unsettled world. Stress, anxiety and depression are common reactions to never ending barrage of the trials of daily life. Our bodies are adapting to these challenges in the best way they know how. Sometimes it's too much. Sometimes we need to ask for support to initiate change or make sense of our situations. 250-589-5500 (text only). Located in Mill Bay but offer outdoor sessions between Spectacle Lake, Bright Angel Park, and places in between.
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Photo of Rick Stordeur, Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Rick Stordeur
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Cowichan Bay, BC V0R
At the deepest level, you want to be seen, understood and accepted. And then you want partnership and support as you work on changing your life. Are you sad too much? Struggling? Fearful? Do you give yourself a hard time? Perhaps right now is the time -- the time to take yourself on as a project. I work with traumatic grief and loss — with some of the most painful experiences people endure.
At the deepest level, you want to be seen, understood and accepted. And then you want partnership and support as you work on changing your life. Are you sad too much? Struggling? Fearful? Do you give yourself a hard time? Perhaps right now is the time -- the time to take yourself on as a project. I work with traumatic grief and loss — with some of the most painful experiences people endure.
(825) 533-0677 View (825) 533-0677
Photo of Dr. Liz Zed, Counsellor, PhD, MCC, RCC, CertMen
Dr. Liz Zed
Counsellor, PhD, MCC, RCC, CertMen
1 Endorsed
Tofino, BC V0R
Transpersonal psychotherapy is discovering your true resilient self & finding your true path to happiness, taking action integrating body, mind & spirit. Using a holistic and eclectic approach to help you examine your life path we will work together to develop a deeper awareness of your strengths and potential, guiding you to awaken self-awareness and discover your own healing powers. Mentor Coaching for ICF credential also available globally, by phone & video-conferencing. Not a registrant of the College of Psychologists of British Columbia, I AM a Registered Clinical Counsellor RCC4348 in British Columbia & ICF MasterCertifiedCoach
Transpersonal psychotherapy is discovering your true resilient self & finding your true path to happiness, taking action integrating body, mind & spirit. Using a holistic and eclectic approach to help you examine your life path we will work together to develop a deeper awareness of your strengths and potential, guiding you to awaken self-awareness and discover your own healing powers. Mentor Coaching for ICF credential also available globally, by phone & video-conferencing. Not a registrant of the College of Psychologists of British Columbia, I AM a Registered Clinical Counsellor RCC4348 in British Columbia & ICF MasterCertifiedCoach
(650) 440-5767 View (650) 440-5767
Photo of Ward Murray - Ward Murray Counselling, BA Psyc, MA Coun, CCC
Ward Murray Counselling
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cobble Hill, BC V0R
We can work together to overcome challenging emotions, patterns, behaviours, thoughts and feelings that you may be experiencing, to create meaningful change for you. My practice is informed by a wealth of experience over ten years of supportive work through addictions centers, verbal and non-verbal care work, marginalized individuals, international family support, and elementary school aged children and their families dealing with intergenerational trauma. I also offer support to families of children with disabilities, and aim to run a group in the near future. Let's have a conversation and find out the best way to help you.
We can work together to overcome challenging emotions, patterns, behaviours, thoughts and feelings that you may be experiencing, to create meaningful change for you. My practice is informed by a wealth of experience over ten years of supportive work through addictions centers, verbal and non-verbal care work, marginalized individuals, international family support, and elementary school aged children and their families dealing with intergenerational trauma. I also offer support to families of children with disabilities, and aim to run a group in the near future. Let's have a conversation and find out the best way to help you.
(250) 246-7898 View (250) 246-7898
Photo of Michael McNally, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, RCC
Michael McNally
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, RCC
1 Endorsed
Gabriola, BC V0R
Struggling with alcohol or drug use, anger management, managing stress, anxiety, depression, and/or relationship issues? Let's walk together on our journey to discover solutions and apply practical life skills going forward.
Struggling with alcohol or drug use, anger management, managing stress, anxiety, depression, and/or relationship issues? Let's walk together on our journey to discover solutions and apply practical life skills going forward.
(709) 910-8676 View (709) 910-8676
Photo of Stefan Malloch - Inside Out Success Coaching & Hypnotherapy, CHT, NLP, HNLP, Coach, Trainer
Clients report recovery in often under 3 sessions! Changes in 1! Finding passion and helping people awaken to their true potential is what drives me! I use a combination of supplemental and widely known techniques to help you break free of issues without the use of drugs or invasive methods. More importantly, I help give my clients a foundation of thinking that give them the tools and the ability to make better life decisions moving forward! Through education and self discovery, people are increasingly tapping into their unlimited potential! More @ www.insideoutschool.com
Clients report recovery in often under 3 sessions! Changes in 1! Finding passion and helping people awaken to their true potential is what drives me! I use a combination of supplemental and widely known techniques to help you break free of issues without the use of drugs or invasive methods. More importantly, I help give my clients a foundation of thinking that give them the tools and the ability to make better life decisions moving forward! Through education and self discovery, people are increasingly tapping into their unlimited potential! More @ www.insideoutschool.com
(778) 888-7720 View (778) 888-7720
Photo of Erin Kostashuk, Counsellor, PsyD, RCC, CCC
Erin Kostashuk
Counsellor, PsyD, RCC, CCC
1 Endorsed
Tofino, BC V0R
I work with a variety of clients on a variety of issues, from depression and anxiety, sleep concerns, and trauma, through a neuroscience-informed approach. I relate to you in an authentic, non-judgmentmal way to support you in finding comfort, clarity, and solutions.
I work with a variety of clients on a variety of issues, from depression and anxiety, sleep concerns, and trauma, through a neuroscience-informed approach. I relate to you in an authentic, non-judgmentmal way to support you in finding comfort, clarity, and solutions.
(778) 771-3819 View (778) 771-3819
Photo of Wendy Mandorla, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Wendy Mandorla
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Mill Bay, BC V0R
Do you need extra support because your child or family is facing a challenging life experience? Does your child or teen need a safe place to explore their unique thoughts and feelings? I support people to navigate their way through major life events by listening deeply to discover together their strengths and also to uncover what needs attention. Children often make sense of the world through play. I have a variety of toys, art supplies and games that I use as tools to gently engage their curiosity and growth. The natural setting of my office inspires beauty, comfort, and a connection to nature as a part of the healing experience.
Do you need extra support because your child or family is facing a challenging life experience? Does your child or teen need a safe place to explore their unique thoughts and feelings? I support people to navigate their way through major life events by listening deeply to discover together their strengths and also to uncover what needs attention. Children often make sense of the world through play. I have a variety of toys, art supplies and games that I use as tools to gently engage their curiosity and growth. The natural setting of my office inspires beauty, comfort, and a connection to nature as a part of the healing experience.
(365) 659-4729 View (365) 659-4729
Photo of Becca Shears, Counsellor, MA, RCC
Becca Shears
Counsellor, MA, RCC
4 Endorsed
Hornby Island, BC V0R
When people talk about the challenges they’re facing, I often find myself saying: “There’s counselling for that.” Because there is! For more than 30 years, I’ve worked in psychology and mental health, supporting individuals and couples through trauma, relationship struggles, anxiety, sexual concerns, burnout, and major life transitions. Over time, I’ve come to believe something deeply: Most of us are incredibly resilient. But sometimes we shouldn’t have to do it alone. Here on Hornby Island, and working with clients throughout British Columbia, I offer counselling that is grounded, experienced, and deeply relational.
When people talk about the challenges they’re facing, I often find myself saying: “There’s counselling for that.” Because there is! For more than 30 years, I’ve worked in psychology and mental health, supporting individuals and couples through trauma, relationship struggles, anxiety, sexual concerns, burnout, and major life transitions. Over time, I’ve come to believe something deeply: Most of us are incredibly resilient. But sometimes we shouldn’t have to do it alone. Here on Hornby Island, and working with clients throughout British Columbia, I offer counselling that is grounded, experienced, and deeply relational.
(778) 763-1374 View (778) 763-1374
Photo of Kate Johnson, Counsellor, MSW, RSW, RCC
Kate Johnson
Counsellor, MSW, RSW, RCC
1 Endorsed
Chemainus, BC V0R
Taking the first step to reach out for therapy can feel both overwhelming and exciting. It is courageous work to enter into the journey of more deeply exploring your internal world, particularly when there have been painful and traumatic experiences. You don’t have to do this alone. I strive to create a safe and welcoming space where every part of you feels welcome and loved. You and the stories your body holds will be met with care and compassion. You can expect genuineness, curiosity, empathy, and laughter throughout this process.
Taking the first step to reach out for therapy can feel both overwhelming and exciting. It is courageous work to enter into the journey of more deeply exploring your internal world, particularly when there have been painful and traumatic experiences. You don’t have to do this alone. I strive to create a safe and welcoming space where every part of you feels welcome and loved. You and the stories your body holds will be met with care and compassion. You can expect genuineness, curiosity, empathy, and laughter throughout this process.
(506) 704-5215 View (506) 704-5215
Photo of Maxine Larmour, Counsellor, MC, RCC
Maxine Larmour
Counsellor, MC, RCC
Crofton, BC V0R
I help adults who’ve experienced trauma process painful experiences, reduce emotional overwhelm, and rebuild a sense of safety so they can feel more calm, confident and connected in their lives. Traumatic or challenging incidents, especially those from early childhood, often shape how we view ourselves and experience the world. We may find ourselves feeling stuck, anxious, disconnected, or repeating patterns that no longer serve us. If this sounds familiar, I can help. I offer a safe, compassionate space where you can begin to understand the root causes of your pain and create lasting change.
I help adults who’ve experienced trauma process painful experiences, reduce emotional overwhelm, and rebuild a sense of safety so they can feel more calm, confident and connected in their lives. Traumatic or challenging incidents, especially those from early childhood, often shape how we view ourselves and experience the world. We may find ourselves feeling stuck, anxious, disconnected, or repeating patterns that no longer serve us. If this sounds familiar, I can help. I offer a safe, compassionate space where you can begin to understand the root causes of your pain and create lasting change.
(438) 839-4469 View (438) 839-4469
Photo of Angela Hammell, Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW, FNHA
Angela Hammell
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW, FNHA
Whether you’re feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, stuck in old patterns, or navigating a life transition, you don’t have to go through it alone. I work with adults, youth, and families who are seeking meaningful change — not just symptom relief, but deeper understanding and long-term growth. With over 15 years of experience in mental health and addiction care and a Master’s degree in Social Work, my approach is both clinical and relational. I integrate evidence-based therapies with practical tools to help clients strengthen emotional awareness, build resilience, and move toward a more grounded, fulfilling life.
Whether you’re feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, stuck in old patterns, or navigating a life transition, you don’t have to go through it alone. I work with adults, youth, and families who are seeking meaningful change — not just symptom relief, but deeper understanding and long-term growth. With over 15 years of experience in mental health and addiction care and a Master’s degree in Social Work, my approach is both clinical and relational. I integrate evidence-based therapies with practical tools to help clients strengthen emotional awareness, build resilience, and move toward a more grounded, fulfilling life.
(226) 458-4403 View (226) 458-4403
Photo of Arran Hamilton, Counsellor, MA, RCC
Arran Hamilton
Counsellor, MA, RCC
1 Endorsed
Cumberland, BC V0R
Hello! I am currently accepting new clients at my office in Cumberland, BC. I work with children, teens, and families, with a focus on supporting parents and helping families navigate challenges together. I specialize in play therapy, offering a safe space where children can process their feelings through play and build emotional regulation. My office includes a garden, so sessions can take place indoors or outside depending on the needs of the child. I also see adults for individual counselling. My work is informed by a Polyvagal framework and integrates mindfulness, somatic approaches, and CBT.
Hello! I am currently accepting new clients at my office in Cumberland, BC. I work with children, teens, and families, with a focus on supporting parents and helping families navigate challenges together. I specialize in play therapy, offering a safe space where children can process their feelings through play and build emotional regulation. My office includes a garden, so sessions can take place indoors or outside depending on the needs of the child. I also see adults for individual counselling. My work is informed by a Polyvagal framework and integrates mindfulness, somatic approaches, and CBT.
(778) 200-9204 View (778) 200-9204
Photo of Craig Fluter - West Coast Interventions, Drug & Alcohol Counsellor, CSAC
West Coast Interventions
Drug & Alcohol Counsellor, CSAC
Lake Cowichan, BC V0R
At West Coast Interventions, we pride ourselves on providing industry best alcohol and drug rehabilitation services. Our attention to detail and continued service is what differentiates us from the rest of the industry. We tailor each intervention to suit the needs of each individual. No two personalities or addictions are exactly the same. We focus on making our addiction recovery process as painless and simplistic for the supporting families as possible. We don’t want you to have to go through anymore stress or anxiety.
At West Coast Interventions, we pride ourselves on providing industry best alcohol and drug rehabilitation services. Our attention to detail and continued service is what differentiates us from the rest of the industry. We tailor each intervention to suit the needs of each individual. No two personalities or addictions are exactly the same. We focus on making our addiction recovery process as painless and simplistic for the supporting families as possible. We don’t want you to have to go through anymore stress or anxiety.
(587) 412-2371 View (587) 412-2371
Photo of Shannon MacGregor, Counsellor, MTC, RCS, CLC, NARM
Shannon MacGregor
Counsellor, MTC, RCS, CLC, NARM
Merville, BC V0R
My goal as a Trauma Therapist, is to help you uncover your true potential & lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand & resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches & techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns, or negative perceptions, that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling & meaningful life. If you're looking for additional support & guidance through a challenging situation, or just ready to move in a new direction, I look forward to working with you.
My goal as a Trauma Therapist, is to help you uncover your true potential & lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand & resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches & techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns, or negative perceptions, that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling & meaningful life. If you're looking for additional support & guidance through a challenging situation, or just ready to move in a new direction, I look forward to working with you.
(249) 501-9178 View (249) 501-9178
Photo of Julie E Taylor, Counsellor, RTC, MTC, RCS
Julie E Taylor
Counsellor, RTC, MTC, RCS
15 Endorsed
Fanny Bay, BC V0R
Tap into your own innate resilience and grow! Speak so your partner can really 'feel' you. I have over 24 years' experience and specialize in personal growth, relationship/family dynamics, sexual issues, narcissism and GNM. I use a blend of NVC (compassionate connection), Imago-style and Trust Oriented Therapy. Enhance your communication skills. Polish your relationships till they gleam! Welcome to the whole of you: the rebellious, the angry,the shy,the forgotten,the lonely and more. The result? Good health and success!
Tap into your own innate resilience and grow! Speak so your partner can really 'feel' you. I have over 24 years' experience and specialize in personal growth, relationship/family dynamics, sexual issues, narcissism and GNM. I use a blend of NVC (compassionate connection), Imago-style and Trust Oriented Therapy. Enhance your communication skills. Polish your relationships till they gleam! Welcome to the whole of you: the rebellious, the angry,the shy,the forgotten,the lonely and more. The result? Good health and success!
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Photo of Matthew Yochim, Counsellor, MA, RCC, CCC
Matthew Yochim
Counsellor, MA, RCC, CCC
Cowichan Bay, BC V0R
Counselling is about helping the client. What this looks like will differ for each individual. My role as a therapist is to support you in the ways that will meet your individual needs, wants, goals and expectations. Together we build a relationship where the focus is on understanding the healing that has to take place in order for you to grow in the ways that you are looking for. I work with adults, youth, and support a variety of issues, including PTSD, addictions, perfectionism, anxiety, depression, and relationships.
Counselling is about helping the client. What this looks like will differ for each individual. My role as a therapist is to support you in the ways that will meet your individual needs, wants, goals and expectations. Together we build a relationship where the focus is on understanding the healing that has to take place in order for you to grow in the ways that you are looking for. I work with adults, youth, and support a variety of issues, including PTSD, addictions, perfectionism, anxiety, depression, and relationships.
(672) 202-2409 View (672) 202-2409
Photo of David Carlson, Counsellor, MA, RCC
David Carlson
Counsellor, MA, RCC
3 Endorsed
Lake Cowichan, BC V0R
David offers a combined approach to counselling sessions; mixing both space for the client to feel heard and supported, along with offering the client helpful perspective and mental health education applicable to the client's concerns. David utilizes Emotionally Focused Therapy as well drawing from the Gottman Method for his work with couples. Exposure Response Prevention is the evidenced based intervention he uses to treat OCD. David values client feedback on sessions and provides practical next steps at the conclusion of each session. You can expect a warm, practical, and collaborative approach to your work with this counsellor.
David offers a combined approach to counselling sessions; mixing both space for the client to feel heard and supported, along with offering the client helpful perspective and mental health education applicable to the client's concerns. David utilizes Emotionally Focused Therapy as well drawing from the Gottman Method for his work with couples. Exposure Response Prevention is the evidenced based intervention he uses to treat OCD. David values client feedback on sessions and provides practical next steps at the conclusion of each session. You can expect a warm, practical, and collaborative approach to your work with this counsellor.
(249) 480-1871 View (249) 480-1871
Photo of Kevin James Lowe - Kevin James Lowe - Light of Hope Counselling, Counsellor, RTC, CMEMIP
Kevin James Lowe - Light of Hope Counselling
Counsellor, RTC, CMEMIP
3 Endorsed
Lake Cowichan, BC V0R
My ideal client may feel overwhelmed, burdened by anxiety, or feeling trapped. Seeking a way to navigate a major event or circumstances either present or resurfacing. In our sessions, we will unpack and process these challenges. My clients appreciate the structured nature of our interactions and the accountability our partnership fosters. I am deeply committed to nurturing and guiding individuals on their journey towards healing. If you are ready to enact meaningful change and regain comfort within your own thoughts, I am here to support you.
My ideal client may feel overwhelmed, burdened by anxiety, or feeling trapped. Seeking a way to navigate a major event or circumstances either present or resurfacing. In our sessions, we will unpack and process these challenges. My clients appreciate the structured nature of our interactions and the accountability our partnership fosters. I am deeply committed to nurturing and guiding individuals on their journey towards healing. If you are ready to enact meaningful change and regain comfort within your own thoughts, I am here to support you.
(581) 203-1810 View (581) 203-1810

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in V0R

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in V0R who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
83% Depression
80% Stress
79% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
70% Grief
65% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Green Shield Canada
59% Pacific Blue Cross
54% SunLife

How Counsellors in V0R see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
17% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in V0R?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.