Therapists in Toronto, ON

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Photo of Diana Kirzner, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Diana Kirzner
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M2N  (Online Only)
My goal in starting my practice was to provide a safe, impartial space for young people struggling with mental health issues to feel heard and understood. I am here to listen without judgment and with compassion. I work with a trauma-informed approach and from an anti-oppression framework. I strongly believe in the Harm Reduction model and base my clinical practice around meeting clients wherever they are in their process. I enjoy working with children, adolescents, and adults.
My goal in starting my practice was to provide a safe, impartial space for young people struggling with mental health issues to feel heard and understood. I am here to listen without judgment and with compassion. I work with a trauma-informed approach and from an anti-oppression framework. I strongly believe in the Harm Reduction model and base my clinical practice around meeting clients wherever they are in their process. I enjoy working with children, adolescents, and adults.
(289) 276-8172 View (289) 276-8172
Photo of Dr Scott J Duggan, Psychologist, Psychologist in Toronto, ON
Dr Scott J Duggan, Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5G
Now accepting new clients. Are you struggling with a difficult relationship? Do you need someone to talk to about anxiety or depression or have other mental health concerns? Let's talk about them together. I provide counselling and therapy for individuals and couples of any sexual orientation. I am mindful of issues within the context of multiculturalism and diversity as well as stigmatization often faced by those whose identities are affected by race, gender, sexual orientation, class, disabilities, religion and age. Call or send me an email to find out how I can help.
Now accepting new clients. Are you struggling with a difficult relationship? Do you need someone to talk to about anxiety or depression or have other mental health concerns? Let's talk about them together. I provide counselling and therapy for individuals and couples of any sexual orientation. I am mindful of issues within the context of multiculturalism and diversity as well as stigmatization often faced by those whose identities are affected by race, gender, sexual orientation, class, disabilities, religion and age. Call or send me an email to find out how I can help.
(416) 209-4036 View (416) 209-4036
Photo of Therapy for Men - David Taller, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Therapy for Men - David Taller
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, BA Hons
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6G  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients As someone who has been to therapy before, I understand how difficult it is to find the right therapist that helps you overcome the issues you face. You are here because you're ready for change, tackling challenges, and to seek a fulfilling life. Feeling stuck or lost is common, but you're not alone. A compassionate, safe space awaits where you can explore these feelings and rediscover your purpose. Together, we'll face life's hurdles, encouraging growth and self-discovery. You're supported with empathy and without judgment, easing feelings of loneliness and anxiety as we aim for impactful life transformations.
Accepting New Clients As someone who has been to therapy before, I understand how difficult it is to find the right therapist that helps you overcome the issues you face. You are here because you're ready for change, tackling challenges, and to seek a fulfilling life. Feeling stuck or lost is common, but you're not alone. A compassionate, safe space awaits where you can explore these feelings and rediscover your purpose. Together, we'll face life's hurdles, encouraging growth and self-discovery. You're supported with empathy and without judgment, easing feelings of loneliness and anxiety as we aim for impactful life transformations.
(437) 747-8620 View (437) 747-8620
Photo of Emily Greenop, Pre-Licensed Professional in Toronto, ON
Emily Greenop
Pre-Licensed Professional, BSW, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5S
I am dedicated to providing a safe and non-judgmental space. I utilize a warm and compassionate approach to counseling in an effort to foster healing and resilience. I am here to collaborate with you and build a strong alliance. My areas of focus are mental well-being, coping with medical/health conditions, grief, pet bereavement, and hoarding. I have experience working with individuals, couples, and families to address well-being. I particularly enjoy couple work, so please do reach out if you and your partner are interested.
I am dedicated to providing a safe and non-judgmental space. I utilize a warm and compassionate approach to counseling in an effort to foster healing and resilience. I am here to collaborate with you and build a strong alliance. My areas of focus are mental well-being, coping with medical/health conditions, grief, pet bereavement, and hoarding. I have experience working with individuals, couples, and families to address well-being. I particularly enjoy couple work, so please do reach out if you and your partner are interested.
(437) 747-5039 View (437) 747-5039
Photo of Bruna Rizvanolli Adhd Life Skills Coach in Toronto, ON
Bruna Rizvanolli Adhd Life Skills Coach
CVRP, BA, Life, Skills, Coach
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5N  (Online Only)
Struggling with daily life as a neurodivergent individual? Overwhelmed and uncertain about fostering self- sufficiency and independence? With 15 years of experience as a Life Skills Coach and CVRP, I understand the distinct challenges faced by neurodivergent individuals. My coaching service takes a client-focused, person-centered approach to address executive functioning skills. By improving executive function skills such as time management, organization, decision-making, conflict and anger management, I help my clients feel more confident as I assist them build practical life skills while developing a growth midset.
Struggling with daily life as a neurodivergent individual? Overwhelmed and uncertain about fostering self- sufficiency and independence? With 15 years of experience as a Life Skills Coach and CVRP, I understand the distinct challenges faced by neurodivergent individuals. My coaching service takes a client-focused, person-centered approach to address executive functioning skills. By improving executive function skills such as time management, organization, decision-making, conflict and anger management, I help my clients feel more confident as I assist them build practical life skills while developing a growth midset.
(647) 494-4902 View (647) 494-4902
Photo of Dina Shamlawi, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Dina Shamlawi
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, MEd
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5V  (Online Only)
Having spent numerous years abroad, I have garnered a profound appreciation for diverse worldviews, a perspective that significantly informs my practice. As a Palestinian-Canadian, I am deeply passionate about guiding individuals through the delicate dance of straddling two cultures. I believe that embracing this duality can lead to profound personal growth and empowerment.
Having spent numerous years abroad, I have garnered a profound appreciation for diverse worldviews, a perspective that significantly informs my practice. As a Palestinian-Canadian, I am deeply passionate about guiding individuals through the delicate dance of straddling two cultures. I believe that embracing this duality can lead to profound personal growth and empowerment.
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Photo of Jason Logan, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Jason Logan
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6N  (Online Only)
Have you or a loved one struggled with OCD for a long time? Has the OCD either worsened or continued to significantly interfere with functioning in daily life? Being tormented by excessive thoughts that go against one’s personal values and attempting to stop, control or neutralize these thoughts with compulsive behaviours or mental rituals is the cycle of OCD. The good news is that breaking this cycle is possible. Common emotions that you are probably feeling are anxiety, distress, frustration, guilt, shame, depression, anger, and hopelessness. Please understand that you are not alone as OCD affects 2% of the entire population.
Have you or a loved one struggled with OCD for a long time? Has the OCD either worsened or continued to significantly interfere with functioning in daily life? Being tormented by excessive thoughts that go against one’s personal values and attempting to stop, control or neutralize these thoughts with compulsive behaviours or mental rituals is the cycle of OCD. The good news is that breaking this cycle is possible. Common emotions that you are probably feeling are anxiety, distress, frustration, guilt, shame, depression, anger, and hopelessness. Please understand that you are not alone as OCD affects 2% of the entire population.
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Photo of Erica Leibner, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Erica Leibner
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4Y  (Online Only)
The only way out of a problem is to work through it. Together let's identify and address the challenges that stand in the way of your optimal wellbeing. You possess the strength and resilience to improve your predicament, and I can guide you on your journey.
The only way out of a problem is to work through it. Together let's identify and address the challenges that stand in the way of your optimal wellbeing. You possess the strength and resilience to improve your predicament, and I can guide you on your journey.
(647) 952-5986 View (647) 952-5986
Photo of Thomas Jay Hayes, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Thomas Jay Hayes
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4T  (Online Only)
If you are looking for a Psychotherapist, chances are you are going through a rough patch or time of change in your life. Marriage or familial issues. Anxiety or depression. Stress, grief and loss. Substance abuse. Life transition or even career issues. These are the types of growing edges that often lead people to seek support. I believe in a collaborative approach to therapy and that the client is the expert on their own life. As a working professional for over a decade, I have worked with families, couples and individuals. I would be honoured to help you reach your goals!
If you are looking for a Psychotherapist, chances are you are going through a rough patch or time of change in your life. Marriage or familial issues. Anxiety or depression. Stress, grief and loss. Substance abuse. Life transition or even career issues. These are the types of growing edges that often lead people to seek support. I believe in a collaborative approach to therapy and that the client is the expert on their own life. As a working professional for over a decade, I have worked with families, couples and individuals. I would be honoured to help you reach your goals!
(437) 291-8783 View (437) 291-8783
Photo of Ines Di Gasbarro, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Ines Di Gasbarro
Registered Psychotherapist, MPsy, RRP, CVRP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4X
My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe and non-judgmental space to work with individuals who experience interpersonal relationship, parenting, stress, grief, trauma, workplace struggles, anxiety, and depression issues. I teach communication skills to better foster healthy relationships and assist in personal development. I specialize in early relational wounding, shame and trauma. My background includes a special interest in mid life women struggling with self-actualization and self-attunement.
My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe and non-judgmental space to work with individuals who experience interpersonal relationship, parenting, stress, grief, trauma, workplace struggles, anxiety, and depression issues. I teach communication skills to better foster healthy relationships and assist in personal development. I specialize in early relational wounding, shame and trauma. My background includes a special interest in mid life women struggling with self-actualization and self-attunement.
(647) 371-1350 View (647) 371-1350
Photo of Radical Healing Toronto – usra leedham, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Radical Healing Toronto – usra leedham
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6S  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Dear one! From the roots at my feet; through the reverence in my belly; out the reach of my heart, head, and hands – welcome. I'll begin (and end) as I always do, as I must: with the deep, abundant, vulnerable transparency and accountability integral to radical, relational healing. Psychology Today gives us 1360 characters(!) divided into 3 preposterously regimented text boxes to share our approach, our ethics, our experience, our communities, our (fluid, prismatic) selves with (yearning, discerning) you, so that you might feel safe enough to connect: I am not the type of therapist who accepts this sort of rigidity and scarcity.
Dear one! From the roots at my feet; through the reverence in my belly; out the reach of my heart, head, and hands – welcome. I'll begin (and end) as I always do, as I must: with the deep, abundant, vulnerable transparency and accountability integral to radical, relational healing. Psychology Today gives us 1360 characters(!) divided into 3 preposterously regimented text boxes to share our approach, our ethics, our experience, our communities, our (fluid, prismatic) selves with (yearning, discerning) you, so that you might feel safe enough to connect: I am not the type of therapist who accepts this sort of rigidity and scarcity.
(647) 694-0351 View (647) 694-0351
Photo of Cara Markovits, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Cara Markovits
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M3H
Do you feel anxious, stuck, or confused in your life or in relationships? Do you get stuck in a loop of anxious thoughts? Do your emotions feel overwhelming or do you feel numb and unfeeling? There is a way out of the difficult space you are in now where you can begin thriving instead of just surviving each day.
Do you feel anxious, stuck, or confused in your life or in relationships? Do you get stuck in a loop of anxious thoughts? Do your emotions feel overwhelming or do you feel numb and unfeeling? There is a way out of the difficult space you are in now where you can begin thriving instead of just surviving each day.
(289) 804-7063 View (289) 804-7063
Photo of Stark Wellness Clinic, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Stark Wellness Clinic
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5C
Do you feel like life has become too overwhelming and you are suffering from anxiety or depression? Are you struggling in your relationship and don't know how to communicate more effectively or connect to your partner on a deeper level? Do you feel like things should be easier but feel exhausted and frustrated and don't know how to get to where you want to be? At Stark Wellness Clinic, we are here to provide you the support, guidance and tools to help deal with life's challenges in a safe and compassionate space.
Do you feel like life has become too overwhelming and you are suffering from anxiety or depression? Are you struggling in your relationship and don't know how to communicate more effectively or connect to your partner on a deeper level? Do you feel like things should be easier but feel exhausted and frustrated and don't know how to get to where you want to be? At Stark Wellness Clinic, we are here to provide you the support, guidance and tools to help deal with life's challenges in a safe and compassionate space.
(437) 747-2933 View (437) 747-2933
Photo of Melissa Hunt, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Melissa Hunt
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5R  (Online Only)
How do you find hope? You're someone who values close relationships, sets clear goals, and possesses the determination to achieve them. But, there are moments when you may feel disconnected from the person you aspire to be. You've dedicated months, maybe even years, to bridging the gap and rediscovering your best self. You might have a goal in mind, yet you're uncertain about the path ahead. Perhaps you're wrestling with motivation and self-doubt, just trying to hang on by a thread.
How do you find hope? You're someone who values close relationships, sets clear goals, and possesses the determination to achieve them. But, there are moments when you may feel disconnected from the person you aspire to be. You've dedicated months, maybe even years, to bridging the gap and rediscovering your best self. You might have a goal in mind, yet you're uncertain about the path ahead. Perhaps you're wrestling with motivation and self-doubt, just trying to hang on by a thread.
(437) 747-6802 View (437) 747-6802
Photo of Tammy Laber, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Tammy Laber
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, MACP, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4J
People tell me I'm open, caring and friendly. Maybe that's why I went into counselling! I'm very comfortable discussing what may be difficult topics for you, and finding ways to make your relationships better. Specialities include marriage counselling, career counselling, depression and anxiety, sexuality therapy, addictions and body image work. I am non-judgmental about diversity, and committed to helping you learn to make your life more satisfying. I have two graduate degrees, having studied both Communications and Counselling, and many years of helping people to reach their goals. I am also a Registered Psychotherapist in the Province of Ontario.
People tell me I'm open, caring and friendly. Maybe that's why I went into counselling! I'm very comfortable discussing what may be difficult topics for you, and finding ways to make your relationships better. Specialities include marriage counselling, career counselling, depression and anxiety, sexuality therapy, addictions and body image work. I am non-judgmental about diversity, and committed to helping you learn to make your life more satisfying. I have two graduate degrees, having studied both Communications and Counselling, and many years of helping people to reach their goals. I am also a Registered Psychotherapist in the Province of Ontario.
(289) 273-7960 View (289) 273-7960
Photo of Desiree Crooks, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Desiree Crooks
Registered Psychotherapist, BA(Hon), MA, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5R  (Online Only)
How do you find hope? I want you to know that I'm here to stand by your side, offering my unwavering support. My aim is to create a safe space where you can unburden yourself and feel the weight lift off your shoulders. I'll be here to listen to you, understand your challenges, and help you pinpoint your best hopes. I recognize how tough things can get, especially when you're grappling with anxiety, depression, or overwhelming feelings.
How do you find hope? I want you to know that I'm here to stand by your side, offering my unwavering support. My aim is to create a safe space where you can unburden yourself and feel the weight lift off your shoulders. I'll be here to listen to you, understand your challenges, and help you pinpoint your best hopes. I recognize how tough things can get, especially when you're grappling with anxiety, depression, or overwhelming feelings.
(437) 500-6427 View (437) 500-6427
Photo of Kiarmin Lari, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Kiarmin Lari
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5R  (Online Only)
I work from a warm and strength-based approach to get to know you and explore what works best for you. I primarily work with adults and young adults with issues related to relationships, queer, trans and 2SLGBQ experiences, immigration and adjustment, and disordered eating and body image. I identify as a Middle Eastern/Iranian immigrant, I can provide psychotherapy in English and Farsi, and I welcome working with you to integrate your spirituality into your care should you want this.
I work from a warm and strength-based approach to get to know you and explore what works best for you. I primarily work with adults and young adults with issues related to relationships, queer, trans and 2SLGBQ experiences, immigration and adjustment, and disordered eating and body image. I identify as a Middle Eastern/Iranian immigrant, I can provide psychotherapy in English and Farsi, and I welcome working with you to integrate your spirituality into your care should you want this.
(437) 292-3833 View (437) 292-3833
Photo of Karen Natalia Villanueva, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Karen Natalia Villanueva
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4L  (Online Only)
Karen is a bilingual (English & Spanish) registered social worker with a masters of social work from the University of Toronto, who enjoys supporting individuals in their wellbeing journey. Her goal is to build your capacity to self-reflect on your thoughts, emotions and behaviours through creative approaches to counselling. She specializes in virtual counselling therapy for adults over the age of 18, who identify as first or second generation immigrants, newcomers, or bi-racial. She can support you in exploring relationships, life transitions, trauma, anxiety, grief, identity challenges, and post-partum depression.
Karen is a bilingual (English & Spanish) registered social worker with a masters of social work from the University of Toronto, who enjoys supporting individuals in their wellbeing journey. Her goal is to build your capacity to self-reflect on your thoughts, emotions and behaviours through creative approaches to counselling. She specializes in virtual counselling therapy for adults over the age of 18, who identify as first or second generation immigrants, newcomers, or bi-racial. She can support you in exploring relationships, life transitions, trauma, anxiety, grief, identity challenges, and post-partum depression.
(647) 492-4854 View (647) 492-4854
Photo of Rebecca Lester, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Rebecca Lester
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6K  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Is career uncertainty, burnout, imposter syndrome, or a lack of work/life balance dimming the light of your potential? Let’s work together to turn your career light on because you are here to shine. I have personally gone from the dark to the light and created an intentional counselling process that guides people like you and me through career challenges to purpose, success and satisfaction.
Is career uncertainty, burnout, imposter syndrome, or a lack of work/life balance dimming the light of your potential? Let’s work together to turn your career light on because you are here to shine. I have personally gone from the dark to the light and created an intentional counselling process that guides people like you and me through career challenges to purpose, success and satisfaction.
(437) 747-5727 View (437) 747-5727
Photo of Davina Mukinav, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Davina Mukinav
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5V  (Online Only)
Hi there! Are you finding yourself struggling with anxiety, depression, or challenging life transitions? I am here to support you. I have experience working with individuals who struggle with intrusive thoughts, self-esteem, academic or workplace stress, and perfectionism. I aim to empower my clients with the resources and tools that they require to deal with daily stressors and lead a balanced life.
Hi there! Are you finding yourself struggling with anxiety, depression, or challenging life transitions? I am here to support you. I have experience working with individuals who struggle with intrusive thoughts, self-esteem, academic or workplace stress, and perfectionism. I aim to empower my clients with the resources and tools that they require to deal with daily stressors and lead a balanced life.
(437) 800-2006 View (437) 800-2006

See more therapy options for Toronto

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Toronto, ON

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Toronto, ON who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
84% Self Esteem
80% Stress
72% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% Green Shield Canada
61% SunLife
57% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Toronto, ON see their clients

51% In Person and Online
49% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
16% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Toronto?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.