Therapists in T6X
Life doesn't unfold neatly; neither does healing. The complexities that life throws at you can feel very overwhelming. Yet these experiences, though challenging, are also avenues for positive change. Together we will not only explore these aspects but also unravel your strength and resilience that often remain hidden beneath the surface. Through your journey I aim to not only help you find relief from pain; but also to empower you to transform these challenges into stepping stones toward a brighter future, and a more Authentic YOU! I promise to provide a safe space where you feel accepted, heard, respected, supported and understood.
Life doesn't unfold neatly; neither does healing. The complexities that life throws at you can feel very overwhelming. Yet these experiences, though challenging, are also avenues for positive change. Together we will not only explore these aspects but also unravel your strength and resilience that often remain hidden beneath the surface. Through your journey I aim to not only help you find relief from pain; but also to empower you to transform these challenges into stepping stones toward a brighter future, and a more Authentic YOU! I promise to provide a safe space where you feel accepted, heard, respected, supported and understood.
Is fear, feeling low, or a lack of confidence impacting your work, relationships, or quality of life? Do you feel stuck when it comes to moving forward towards your vision and aspirations? I am passionate about working together to help you with your growth, self-empowerment, and healing when it comes to living a meaningful life. I will assist with helping you tap into your inner resources and resiliency to make meaningful shifts in areas in which you need support, especially during the tough times. I am inclusive and culturally sensitive and create a space for you that is respectful of differences.
Is fear, feeling low, or a lack of confidence impacting your work, relationships, or quality of life? Do you feel stuck when it comes to moving forward towards your vision and aspirations? I am passionate about working together to help you with your growth, self-empowerment, and healing when it comes to living a meaningful life. I will assist with helping you tap into your inner resources and resiliency to make meaningful shifts in areas in which you need support, especially during the tough times. I am inclusive and culturally sensitive and create a space for you that is respectful of differences.
Erin Daley (Vinkle) Counselling Services
Registered Social Worker, MSW , RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6X
Erin Daley, MSW, RSW is a registered social worker with the Alberta College of Social Workers, and she studied at Laurentian University in Sudbury Ontario where she graduated with a Bachelors of Social Work Degree in 2011 and a Masters of Social Work Degree in 2014. She provides counselling to people who struggle with many different stress-related issues whether it be challenging life changes, relationship issues, mental health difficulties or the desire to improve self-confidence. Erin is also experienced counselling people who suffer from trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and brain injury.
Erin Daley, MSW, RSW is a registered social worker with the Alberta College of Social Workers, and she studied at Laurentian University in Sudbury Ontario where she graduated with a Bachelors of Social Work Degree in 2011 and a Masters of Social Work Degree in 2014. She provides counselling to people who struggle with many different stress-related issues whether it be challenging life changes, relationship issues, mental health difficulties or the desire to improve self-confidence. Erin is also experienced counselling people who suffer from trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and brain injury.
I have diverse and invaluable experiences when it comes to supporting individuals with a variety of presenting concerns and mental health challenges. I am open and keen to supporting clients in different areas and am most passionate about supporting clients with testing and evaluation, emotional regulation, self-esteem, stress management, sexuality, school/work-related challenges, life transitions. I have experience working with individuals who have symptoms of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders and provide a neuroaffirming lens. I would be honored to work with you and I hope to connect with you soon!
I have diverse and invaluable experiences when it comes to supporting individuals with a variety of presenting concerns and mental health challenges. I am open and keen to supporting clients in different areas and am most passionate about supporting clients with testing and evaluation, emotional regulation, self-esteem, stress management, sexuality, school/work-related challenges, life transitions. I have experience working with individuals who have symptoms of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders and provide a neuroaffirming lens. I would be honored to work with you and I hope to connect with you soon!
I am dedicated to fostering a collaborative and supportive therapeutic relationship, valuing the unique perspectives, strengths, and values of each client. By creating a safe and non-judgmental environment, I aim to help individuals feel heard, understood, and empowered. I strive to understand and honor each person’s unique experiences, working together to uncover your personal strengths and promote positive change. I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to support you on your path to personal growth and self-discovery.
I am dedicated to fostering a collaborative and supportive therapeutic relationship, valuing the unique perspectives, strengths, and values of each client. By creating a safe and non-judgmental environment, I aim to help individuals feel heard, understood, and empowered. I strive to understand and honor each person’s unique experiences, working together to uncover your personal strengths and promote positive change. I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to support you on your path to personal growth and self-discovery.
Stillar Psychological is client-centred private practice that offers counselling for children/adolescents, adults, couples, and families with a diverse range of mental health issues. Our aim is to help our clients grow from their struggles, heal from their pain, and move forward to where they want to be in life. Our team uses a person-centered and humanistic approach with clients. This includes providing a safe space for them to share their concerns and developing an individualized treatment approach that meets our clients unique needs and above all else feels like a good fit for them.
Stillar Psychological is client-centred private practice that offers counselling for children/adolescents, adults, couples, and families with a diverse range of mental health issues. Our aim is to help our clients grow from their struggles, heal from their pain, and move forward to where they want to be in life. Our team uses a person-centered and humanistic approach with clients. This includes providing a safe space for them to share their concerns and developing an individualized treatment approach that meets our clients unique needs and above all else feels like a good fit for them.
Free 10-15 minute virtual connection meeting! (In-person and online sessions available). Hello! My name is Jennifer MacKinnon, and I'm a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC). As the Owner of Sagacious Counselling and Wellness Support, I value having a safe, non-judgmental place for therapists and clients. I love being a Counsellor and value all stories; my favourite stories are the ones people hold inside with shame. Shame hates the light. Let's get that out of you! I work with individuals and couples from age 13+. My passion is this lifelong career in empowering people to process pain, find strength and foster hope.
Free 10-15 minute virtual connection meeting! (In-person and online sessions available). Hello! My name is Jennifer MacKinnon, and I'm a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC). As the Owner of Sagacious Counselling and Wellness Support, I value having a safe, non-judgmental place for therapists and clients. I love being a Counsellor and value all stories; my favourite stories are the ones people hold inside with shame. Shame hates the light. Let's get that out of you! I work with individuals and couples from age 13+. My passion is this lifelong career in empowering people to process pain, find strength and foster hope.
I see healing as a holistic, sacred process, deserving honour and witness. I value genuine relationships, while inviting humour into the process. I use an integrative approach to support unique needs and healing. I enjoy working with a range of ages and concerns such as anxiety, stress, lifespan adjustments, relationship concerns, parenting, trauma processing, grief processing, self-esteem, mens & women's issues, character development, caregivers support, frontline workers support. I also enjoy supporting people through spiritual crisis, growth, deconstructing, supporting members of clergy, and spiritual consulting.
I see healing as a holistic, sacred process, deserving honour and witness. I value genuine relationships, while inviting humour into the process. I use an integrative approach to support unique needs and healing. I enjoy working with a range of ages and concerns such as anxiety, stress, lifespan adjustments, relationship concerns, parenting, trauma processing, grief processing, self-esteem, mens & women's issues, character development, caregivers support, frontline workers support. I also enjoy supporting people through spiritual crisis, growth, deconstructing, supporting members of clergy, and spiritual consulting.
Melody Cesar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6X
Are you feeling weighed down by daily life? Does it feel hard to ask for what you need? Maybe you are feeling stuck in patterns that seem impossible to break? You’ve come to the right place! I specialize in helping clients heal and make sense of their experiences and find relief from anxiety, depression, and emotional overwhelm. I work mostly with clients who seek to break cycles of generational trauma in their lives. I also provide a specialized approach to those recovering from the traumatic loss of a child. Together, we can move beyond just coping and work towards rebuilding healthy connections and creating the life you want.
Are you feeling weighed down by daily life? Does it feel hard to ask for what you need? Maybe you are feeling stuck in patterns that seem impossible to break? You’ve come to the right place! I specialize in helping clients heal and make sense of their experiences and find relief from anxiety, depression, and emotional overwhelm. I work mostly with clients who seek to break cycles of generational trauma in their lives. I also provide a specialized approach to those recovering from the traumatic loss of a child. Together, we can move beyond just coping and work towards rebuilding healthy connections and creating the life you want.
Mohammad Hasan
Drug & Alcohol Counsellor, ICADC, CCAC, MBBS, ICCDP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you or a loved one struggling with mental health and addictions issues? Perhaps self harm or suicidal thoughts? Need a safe space to work through your gender & sexuality or history of trauma? A parent or an adult child fighting to be understood? I've helped thousands like you as a Mental Health and Addictions Counsellor for the past 20 years, and as a first-gen immigrant parent that understands intergenerational and systemic challenges. I'm trained in many evidence-based treatment modalities (DBT, Mindfulness, ACT, Grief & Loss) but it is my relatable approach that brings ease to clients wary of taking the first step.
Are you or a loved one struggling with mental health and addictions issues? Perhaps self harm or suicidal thoughts? Need a safe space to work through your gender & sexuality or history of trauma? A parent or an adult child fighting to be understood? I've helped thousands like you as a Mental Health and Addictions Counsellor for the past 20 years, and as a first-gen immigrant parent that understands intergenerational and systemic challenges. I'm trained in many evidence-based treatment modalities (DBT, Mindfulness, ACT, Grief & Loss) but it is my relatable approach that brings ease to clients wary of taking the first step.
Hello, we are an office of open-minded and open-hearted psychologists here to help you with whatever you may need. We believe that people sometimes need a bit of a boost to allow them to live up to their full potential. Life can be difficult, and everyone experiences hurdles to wellbeing at some point in their lives. We have created a team of registered psychologists who are passionate about what they do and strive to get results for our clients. At Boost Psychology, we take care of our team so they can take care of you. Keep reading to find out how we’re different.
Hello, we are an office of open-minded and open-hearted psychologists here to help you with whatever you may need. We believe that people sometimes need a bit of a boost to allow them to live up to their full potential. Life can be difficult, and everyone experiences hurdles to wellbeing at some point in their lives. We have created a team of registered psychologists who are passionate about what they do and strive to get results for our clients. At Boost Psychology, we take care of our team so they can take care of you. Keep reading to find out how we’re different.
15 Second Videos
Dawn Doucet Banting
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MC, BSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6X
I care about helping people feel better and know they can heal and grow. I have a special interest in working with children, teens and adults regarding anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, neurodiversity, emotion regulation, stress management, addictions, life transitions, and loss. In addition to individuals, I work with couples and families. I create strong therapeutic relationships and a safe space for people to share their concerns and to work toward meeting their goals.
I care about helping people feel better and know they can heal and grow. I have a special interest in working with children, teens and adults regarding anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, neurodiversity, emotion regulation, stress management, addictions, life transitions, and loss. In addition to individuals, I work with couples and families. I create strong therapeutic relationships and a safe space for people to share their concerns and to work toward meeting their goals.
Haley Burchett
Registered Provisional Psychologist, BA, MA
Verified Verified
Edmonton, AB T6X
Waitlist for new clients
Life is full of many hardships that often knock us down and sometimes we need help getting back on our feet. I want to help you rediscover your strengths and regain your balance by supporting you in your time of need, and by providing a safe space for you to feel seen and heard. Everyone has unique needs and I believe in meeting my clients where they are at. We will engage collaboratively to set goals and identify strategies that work best for you. I am here to help you cope with a variety of life challenges. Whether you are feeling isolated, unmotivated, depressed, anxious, or stuck, you are not alone in this process.
Life is full of many hardships that often knock us down and sometimes we need help getting back on our feet. I want to help you rediscover your strengths and regain your balance by supporting you in your time of need, and by providing a safe space for you to feel seen and heard. Everyone has unique needs and I believe in meeting my clients where they are at. We will engage collaboratively to set goals and identify strategies that work best for you. I am here to help you cope with a variety of life challenges. Whether you are feeling isolated, unmotivated, depressed, anxious, or stuck, you are not alone in this process.
Nasim Switzer
Counsellor, MC, CCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Edmonton, AB T6X
Not accepting new clients
Welcome. Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, the impacts of past trauma, family relationship dynamics, and grief? Do you feel overwhelmed, tired, or burned out? Do you wish to process your trauma in a safe space where you are not pushed beyond what feels manageable? l am passionate about working with youth, adults, and parents, especially parents in the perinatal period and beyond. I strive to practice through a trauma-informed, culturally competent, and neurodiversity-affirming lens.
Welcome. Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, the impacts of past trauma, family relationship dynamics, and grief? Do you feel overwhelmed, tired, or burned out? Do you wish to process your trauma in a safe space where you are not pushed beyond what feels manageable? l am passionate about working with youth, adults, and parents, especially parents in the perinatal period and beyond. I strive to practice through a trauma-informed, culturally competent, and neurodiversity-affirming lens.
Michele Angeline Theoret
Psychologist, MACP, RPsych
Verified Verified
Edmonton, AB T6X
Waitlist for new clients
I help clients shift from just surviving into thriving; realigning with who and how they want to be instead of being hijacked by outdated narratives as a result of past experiences. My focus is on creating safe trauma-informed spaces and inspiring a compassionate curiosity about "who am I?" "How did I get to this point?" "What else might be possible?". I have always been fascinated with how our experiences shape us and how we may discover meaning and inspiration. During this quest I have worked as a strength & conditioning coach, yoga teacher, and counsellor and these experiences have uniquely shaped how I show up as a therapist.
I help clients shift from just surviving into thriving; realigning with who and how they want to be instead of being hijacked by outdated narratives as a result of past experiences. My focus is on creating safe trauma-informed spaces and inspiring a compassionate curiosity about "who am I?" "How did I get to this point?" "What else might be possible?". I have always been fascinated with how our experiences shape us and how we may discover meaning and inspiration. During this quest I have worked as a strength & conditioning coach, yoga teacher, and counsellor and these experiences have uniquely shaped how I show up as a therapist.
One of my key goals as a therapist is to ensure that the therapeutic process is safe, and collaborative. I like to take a holistic approach in addressing clinical concerns by examining factors related to different aspects of one's life such as socio-cultural, and economic factors. Few of my key theoretical orientations are person-centered therapy and compassion-focused and thus I always strive to create a non-judgmental space for my clients.
One of my key goals as a therapist is to ensure that the therapeutic process is safe, and collaborative. I like to take a holistic approach in addressing clinical concerns by examining factors related to different aspects of one's life such as socio-cultural, and economic factors. Few of my key theoretical orientations are person-centered therapy and compassion-focused and thus I always strive to create a non-judgmental space for my clients.
A warm welcome! I offer support from a person-centered and holistic view. I believe that connecting to the body from a state of internal safety, noticing sensations, and learning to regulate emotions and responses through practicing self awareness are powerful resources to work through internal struggle. I provide a safe space rooted in empathy, understanding, and I am committed to empowering individuals on their journey toward personal growth and well-being. “Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom.” - Viktor Frankl
A warm welcome! I offer support from a person-centered and holistic view. I believe that connecting to the body from a state of internal safety, noticing sensations, and learning to regulate emotions and responses through practicing self awareness are powerful resources to work through internal struggle. I provide a safe space rooted in empathy, understanding, and I am committed to empowering individuals on their journey toward personal growth and well-being. “Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom.” - Viktor Frankl
Yellowfinch Counselling- Marriage&Family Therapist
Counsellor, BA, MFCS, CGC, CCTP, CT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Marriage problems? Communication issues? Perhaps you feel your drifting apart? Or the simplest discussions escalate to arguing or walking away not feeling heard or understood. Maybe you just need maintenance for your relationship so it stays at the current level; help with increasing emotional and physical intimacy. Couples and individual relational counselling is 80% of my practice. Other areas of focus: divorce, co-parenting, infidelity, ADHD, neurodiversity, anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, balancing life priorities, boundaries, grief and loss, workplace stress. My clients often report they are so glad they found me!
Marriage problems? Communication issues? Perhaps you feel your drifting apart? Or the simplest discussions escalate to arguing or walking away not feeling heard or understood. Maybe you just need maintenance for your relationship so it stays at the current level; help with increasing emotional and physical intimacy. Couples and individual relational counselling is 80% of my practice. Other areas of focus: divorce, co-parenting, infidelity, ADHD, neurodiversity, anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, balancing life priorities, boundaries, grief and loss, workplace stress. My clients often report they are so glad they found me!
From a young age, I’ve been drawn to understanding people, listening to their stories, and offering support. I believe that simply being there for someone can be a powerful remedy. My commitment to building a collaborative relationship with clients allows me to meet them where they are in each session. I understand the courage it takes to confront life’s challenges, and I’m here to walk with you on that journey. I enjoy supporting children and teens in bettering their mental health, fostering hopefulness and positive thinking, and processing their emotions and experiences.
From a young age, I’ve been drawn to understanding people, listening to their stories, and offering support. I believe that simply being there for someone can be a powerful remedy. My commitment to building a collaborative relationship with clients allows me to meet them where they are in each session. I understand the courage it takes to confront life’s challenges, and I’m here to walk with you on that journey. I enjoy supporting children and teens in bettering their mental health, fostering hopefulness and positive thinking, and processing their emotions and experiences.
Davinder Pandher Clinic Superv.
Psychologist, DCP, RPsych, MA, Superv
Verified Verified
Edmonton, AB T6X
We all encounter some degree of difficulty within our lives, and sometimes we find it difficult to navigate these hard times alone. If your relationships have become unfulfilling, or you are experiencing a loss of a relationship, difficult time communicating in your relationships, disrupted sleep, reduced pleasure in previously enjoyable activities, excessive worry/concern, workplace distress, job loss/transition, finding it hard to cope with stress and pressure of daily life, or finding it challenging in adapting to new roles within your life, then allow me to help.
We all encounter some degree of difficulty within our lives, and sometimes we find it difficult to navigate these hard times alone. If your relationships have become unfulfilling, or you are experiencing a loss of a relationship, difficult time communicating in your relationships, disrupted sleep, reduced pleasure in previously enjoyable activities, excessive worry/concern, workplace distress, job loss/transition, finding it hard to cope with stress and pressure of daily life, or finding it challenging in adapting to new roles within your life, then allow me to help.
See more therapy options for T6X
How does your Counsellor compare?
Number of Counsellors in T6X
90+
Average cost per session
$220
Counsellors in T6X who prioritize treating:
94% | Anxiety |
92% | Self Esteem |
89% | Depression |
84% | Stress |
76% | Relationship Issues |
76% | Coping Skills |
72% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
8 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
74% | Alberta Blue Cross |
72% | Green Shield Canada |
62% | Canada Life | Great-West Life |
How Counsellors in T6X see their clients
85% | In Person and Online | |
15% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
92% | Female | |
8% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling
How can I find a therapist in T6X?
Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.
Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?
Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.
Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.
Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.
If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.