Photo of Jeffery Ryan James - Counselling Support Centre Online, MEd, Counsellor
Counselling Support Centre Online
Counsellor, MEd
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A
If you are seeking the opportunity for low-cost counselling and would like to meet with a dynamic and eager student professional then the Counselling Support Centre is the place for you. We offer clients the opportunity to receive evidence based counselling from a counselling learner and a team of supervisors! Lack of funds, little to no benefits, may have you looking for affordable counselling. If you have a desire to change and grow and need someone to work with you on that, look no further!
If you are seeking the opportunity for low-cost counselling and would like to meet with a dynamic and eager student professional then the Counselling Support Centre is the place for you. We offer clients the opportunity to receive evidence based counselling from a counselling learner and a team of supervisors! Lack of funds, little to no benefits, may have you looking for affordable counselling. If you have a desire to change and grow and need someone to work with you on that, look no further!
(587) 804-7089 View (587) 804-7089
Photo of Calen Jobson, MC, CCC, Registered Provisional Psychologist
Calen Jobson
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MC, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Airdrie, AB T4A
My interest in the holistic nature of mind, body and emotion was born out of experience within competitive hockey. Impactful counselling, therapy, and coaching involves working with both the mind and the emotional experiences accumulated in the body. My aim is to provide a supportive and encouraging environment where we can recondition your mind and strengthen your confidence. I believe the quality of our lives is largely dependent on the quality of our relationships and in honest confrontation of our patterns lies opportunity for growth and healing.
My interest in the holistic nature of mind, body and emotion was born out of experience within competitive hockey. Impactful counselling, therapy, and coaching involves working with both the mind and the emotional experiences accumulated in the body. My aim is to provide a supportive and encouraging environment where we can recondition your mind and strengthen your confidence. I believe the quality of our lives is largely dependent on the quality of our relationships and in honest confrontation of our patterns lies opportunity for growth and healing.
(587) 609-5480 View (587) 609-5480
Photo of Oluwaseun Bami Iretor-Oscar, PhD, CCC, Counsellor
Oluwaseun Bami Iretor-Oscar
Counsellor, PhD, CCC
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with overwhelming anxiety, low self-esteem, or the weight of depression? If so, you're not alone. As a mental health counselor specializing in these areas, I understand the challenges you face. My ideal client is someone who may be feeling stuck in their thoughts and emotions, unsure of how to break free and find relief. They might be experiencing constant worry, self-doubt, or a sense of hopelessness. Their goal is to regain control of their life, feel more confident, and find inner peace. They want to understand why they feel the way they do and learn effective strategies to manage their emotions and thoughts.
Are you struggling with overwhelming anxiety, low self-esteem, or the weight of depression? If so, you're not alone. As a mental health counselor specializing in these areas, I understand the challenges you face. My ideal client is someone who may be feeling stuck in their thoughts and emotions, unsure of how to break free and find relief. They might be experiencing constant worry, self-doubt, or a sense of hopelessness. Their goal is to regain control of their life, feel more confident, and find inner peace. They want to understand why they feel the way they do and learn effective strategies to manage their emotions and thoughts.
(587) 419-0958 View (587) 419-0958
Photo of Michelle Neustaedter - Michelle Neustaedter Counselling, MSc, CCC, RP (q), RPP, Counsellor
Michelle Neustaedter Counselling
Counsellor, MSc, CCC, RP (q), RPP
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A
Do you desire real change? Not just temporary shifts or crisis management? Ready to be free of stress, anxiety, or depression due to trauma? It is our goal to equip, empower, and inspire you. Our work together will energize, rejuvenate, and enhance your life. The things we think about impact how we function overall. Research suggests that 87-95% of physical and mental illnesses come from our thought life. Core beliefs and trauma in the unconscious root our thinking and behaviours. Until we make the unconscious conscious we continue to repeat patterns and can feel stuck. Unlock the unconscious with our mindfulness program.
Do you desire real change? Not just temporary shifts or crisis management? Ready to be free of stress, anxiety, or depression due to trauma? It is our goal to equip, empower, and inspire you. Our work together will energize, rejuvenate, and enhance your life. The things we think about impact how we function overall. Research suggests that 87-95% of physical and mental illnesses come from our thought life. Core beliefs and trauma in the unconscious root our thinking and behaviours. Until we make the unconscious conscious we continue to repeat patterns and can feel stuck. Unlock the unconscious with our mindfulness program.
(403) 800-1186 View (403) 800-1186
Photo of Aurelia Mir-Orefice, MSc, Registered Provisional Psychologist
Aurelia Mir-Orefice
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MSc
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A
As a dedicated professional working with children, adolescents, and adults, I specialize in psychoeducational assessments in both French and English. My experience spans various developmental and mental health challenges. I am committed to creating an inclusive and welcoming space for all my clients, fostering a supportive environment where they can feel understood and empowered. In addition to assessments, I offer counselling services tailored to the unique needs of each individual, helping them navigate their journeys toward growth and well-being.
As a dedicated professional working with children, adolescents, and adults, I specialize in psychoeducational assessments in both French and English. My experience spans various developmental and mental health challenges. I am committed to creating an inclusive and welcoming space for all my clients, fostering a supportive environment where they can feel understood and empowered. In addition to assessments, I offer counselling services tailored to the unique needs of each individual, helping them navigate their journeys toward growth and well-being.
(587) 804-8963 View (587) 804-8963
Photo of Alisha MacIsaac, BSc, MACP, CCC, Counsellor
Alisha MacIsaac
Counsellor, BSc, MACP, CCC
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A  (Online Only)
I strive to create a safe space for my clients to explore their concerns with compassion and acceptance. My goal is to make you feel supported, to validate your experiences and to provide information and skills to help you meet your goals in a way that is realistic and manageable. Everyone learns and processes differently, so I use a variety of therapeutic modalities. Depending on your hopes for therapy, we will develop a plan that is unique to you and may draw from various approaches.
I strive to create a safe space for my clients to explore their concerns with compassion and acceptance. My goal is to make you feel supported, to validate your experiences and to provide information and skills to help you meet your goals in a way that is realistic and manageable. Everyone learns and processes differently, so I use a variety of therapeutic modalities. Depending on your hopes for therapy, we will develop a plan that is unique to you and may draw from various approaches.
(587) 800-4379 View (587) 800-4379
Photo of Dr. Mitch Colp, PhD, RPsych, Psychologist
Dr. Mitch Colp
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Airdrie, AB T4A
My ideal client is someone who is willing to explore their needs and learn alongside me. I do not claim to know all the answers to all of life's questions, but I do have an advanced set of skills that can guide our path to what those answers could be. Through providing comprehensive psychological assessment and counselling services for children, youth, and adults, I enjoy getting to know my clients, unearthing their unique strengths and needs, and supporting them through all of life's exciting and stressful events.
My ideal client is someone who is willing to explore their needs and learn alongside me. I do not claim to know all the answers to all of life's questions, but I do have an advanced set of skills that can guide our path to what those answers could be. Through providing comprehensive psychological assessment and counselling services for children, youth, and adults, I enjoy getting to know my clients, unearthing their unique strengths and needs, and supporting them through all of life's exciting and stressful events.
(587) 317-6089 View (587) 317-6089
Photo of Michelle Deen, MEd, BEd, RPsych, Psychologist
Michelle Deen
Psychologist, MEd, BEd, RPsych
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A  (Online Only)
Michelle is a Registered Psychologist who obtained her Master of Education in School and Applied Child Psychology from the University of Calgary. She has over seventeen years of experience as a special education teacher and school psychologist, has worked in several school boards within Alberta, and has served on various province-wide committees with a focus on mental health initiatives. Michelle uses a collaborative, strength-based approach when working with youth, their families, and various support systems to complete psychological assessments and provide counselling.
Michelle is a Registered Psychologist who obtained her Master of Education in School and Applied Child Psychology from the University of Calgary. She has over seventeen years of experience as a special education teacher and school psychologist, has worked in several school boards within Alberta, and has served on various province-wide committees with a focus on mental health initiatives. Michelle uses a collaborative, strength-based approach when working with youth, their families, and various support systems to complete psychological assessments and provide counselling.
(587) 415-0650 View (587) 415-0650
Photo of Dr. Ryan L Matchullis, PhD, R Psych, Psychologist
Dr. Ryan L Matchullis
Psychologist, PhD, R Psych
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A
I enjoy using my expertise to help children, adolescents, parents, and adults explore neurodevelopmental differences through supportive psychological assessment. The clients I work with are neurodiverse themselves, and/or have neurodivergent children. They are exploring this diversity to better understand themselves or their child, their needs, and how they can thrive at home, in school, in the workplace, and in their broader community. Diagnostic assessment can help to support appropriate interventions, access supports, clarify aspects of personal identity, and help people develop the story of who they are.
I enjoy using my expertise to help children, adolescents, parents, and adults explore neurodevelopmental differences through supportive psychological assessment. The clients I work with are neurodiverse themselves, and/or have neurodivergent children. They are exploring this diversity to better understand themselves or their child, their needs, and how they can thrive at home, in school, in the workplace, and in their broader community. Diagnostic assessment can help to support appropriate interventions, access supports, clarify aspects of personal identity, and help people develop the story of who they are.
(587) 705-0718 View (587) 705-0718
Photo of Dillon K. Traber, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Dillon K. Traber
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A
Do you wish that you could figure out why life just doesn’t seem to be going your way? Are you concerned about your growing adolescent and their future? Are you wishing that you and your family could just “figure it out” and find ways to connect better? Life as we know it is complicated, it’s messy, and it’s increasingly difficult to do on our own. Within my practice, I am passionate about working with clients aged 8-40 in working through relational breakdowns, parent child relationships, experiences of trauma/abuse, anxiety, and many of the other complexities that can keep us from living out the best versions of ourselves.
Do you wish that you could figure out why life just doesn’t seem to be going your way? Are you concerned about your growing adolescent and their future? Are you wishing that you and your family could just “figure it out” and find ways to connect better? Life as we know it is complicated, it’s messy, and it’s increasingly difficult to do on our own. Within my practice, I am passionate about working with clients aged 8-40 in working through relational breakdowns, parent child relationships, experiences of trauma/abuse, anxiety, and many of the other complexities that can keep us from living out the best versions of ourselves.
(587) 806-4664 View (587) 806-4664
Photo of Sarah Nugent, MSc, RPsych, Psychologist
Sarah Nugent
Psychologist, MSc, RPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Airdrie, AB T4A
Sarah has more than 10 years of clinical experience working with clients and families in private practice, school, and agency-based settings. Client populations include the age ranges of preschool to adults with a variety of clinical presentations. Sarah's work involves evidence-based assessment and treatment for individuals. The focus is placed on a strength-based model to foster resiliency and the development of an intervention plan to address areas of need.
Sarah has more than 10 years of clinical experience working with clients and families in private practice, school, and agency-based settings. Client populations include the age ranges of preschool to adults with a variety of clinical presentations. Sarah's work involves evidence-based assessment and treatment for individuals. The focus is placed on a strength-based model to foster resiliency and the development of an intervention plan to address areas of need.
(825) 250-0321 View (825) 250-0321
Photo of Abdullah Bernier, MSc, Registered Provisional Psychologist
Abdullah Bernier
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MSc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Airdrie, AB T4A
Waitlist for new clients
I value working through a strength-based, culturally responsive, and client-centred lens. My work involves evidence-based assessment and treatment for individuals. My approach to intervention and assessment is informed by science while honouring and valuing individual and cultural experiences. I have over 8 years experience working with families of children and adolescents with various developmental conditions. My focus is to empower resiliency through collaborative treatment approaches. I have received training in delivering comprehensive assessment of complex presentations throughout my graduate training and clinical practice.
I value working through a strength-based, culturally responsive, and client-centred lens. My work involves evidence-based assessment and treatment for individuals. My approach to intervention and assessment is informed by science while honouring and valuing individual and cultural experiences. I have over 8 years experience working with families of children and adolescents with various developmental conditions. My focus is to empower resiliency through collaborative treatment approaches. I have received training in delivering comprehensive assessment of complex presentations throughout my graduate training and clinical practice.
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Photo of Amanda Dewar - Strength Counselling Services, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP, Counsellor
Strength Counselling Services
Counsellor, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A  (Online Only)
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
(587) 317-0790 View (587) 317-0790
Photo of Nivedita R Agrawal, MC, Registered Provisional Psychologist
Nivedita R Agrawal
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MC
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A
I bring a compassionate and integrative approach to therapy, drawing from a diverse range of theoretical perspectives and techniques to tailor a personalized framework that aligns with your unique goals and needs. As an EMDR-trained therapist, I am equipped to guide you through the process of healing and transformation.
I bring a compassionate and integrative approach to therapy, drawing from a diverse range of theoretical perspectives and techniques to tailor a personalized framework that aligns with your unique goals and needs. As an EMDR-trained therapist, I am equipped to guide you through the process of healing and transformation.
(587) 606-0184 View (587) 606-0184
Photo of Chris Pawluk - Pawluk Child and Adult Psychology, MEd, DipPsy, Psychologist
Pawluk Child and Adult Psychology
Psychologist, MEd, DipPsy
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A
My ideal client is a child or youth with significant anxiety issues. They need a better understanding of what is going on in their heads and in their bodies. They want to feel less distress, and to be able to do the things that their anxiety is preventing them from doing. I'm not accepting new clients right now.
My ideal client is a child or youth with significant anxiety issues. They need a better understanding of what is going on in their heads and in their bodies. They want to feel less distress, and to be able to do the things that their anxiety is preventing them from doing. I'm not accepting new clients right now.
(587) 207-8978 View (587) 207-8978
Photo of Brittany Norlin - Brittany Norlin / Formal Assessments, MSc, Psychologist
Brittany Norlin / Formal Assessments
Psychologist, MSc
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A
I take a strength-based and collaborative approach to helping an individual and their family understand their unique learning and behavioural profile. I am passionate about helping my clients identify the way they learn best and in turn, provide individually tailored, evidenced-based recommendations. I strive to help students, families, and school personnel teams navigate student's unique academic challenges.
I take a strength-based and collaborative approach to helping an individual and their family understand their unique learning and behavioural profile. I am passionate about helping my clients identify the way they learn best and in turn, provide individually tailored, evidenced-based recommendations. I strive to help students, families, and school personnel teams navigate student's unique academic challenges.
(587) 840-7137 View (587) 840-7137
Photo of Shannon Kane - Shannon Kane, MSW, BSW, RSW, RCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shannon Kane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, BSW, RSW, RCSW
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A
Are you feeling worried, sad or overwhelmed with parenting? Have you experienced a recent trauma or childhood trauma that you want support with? Are you concerned about your mood, and not feeling like yourself lately? Do you fear childbirth, or have had a difficult childbirth that you want help with? I specialize in trauma, women's mental health, reproductive mental health and prenatal/postpartum concerns.
Are you feeling worried, sad or overwhelmed with parenting? Have you experienced a recent trauma or childhood trauma that you want support with? Are you concerned about your mood, and not feeling like yourself lately? Do you fear childbirth, or have had a difficult childbirth that you want help with? I specialize in trauma, women's mental health, reproductive mental health and prenatal/postpartum concerns.
(825) 254-6625 View (825) 254-6625
Photo of Dr. Barb Backs-Dermott, PhD, RPsych, Psychologist
Dr. Barb Backs-Dermott
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Airdrie, AB T4A
Welcome! I am a Clinical Psychologist specializing in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. I have 20+ years of experience within both the public and private practice settings, with extensive experience treating depression and anxiety disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a very collaborative process, with a focus on understanding your difficulties and finding strategies to make the changes you want. As a CBT specialist, I value the vast research that supports the effectiveness of CBT, in combination with the 20+ years experience I have providing individual and group CBT, as well as training future Psychologists.
Welcome! I am a Clinical Psychologist specializing in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. I have 20+ years of experience within both the public and private practice settings, with extensive experience treating depression and anxiety disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a very collaborative process, with a focus on understanding your difficulties and finding strategies to make the changes you want. As a CBT specialist, I value the vast research that supports the effectiveness of CBT, in combination with the 20+ years experience I have providing individual and group CBT, as well as training future Psychologists.
(587) 605-1179 View (587) 605-1179
Photo of Yvonne Hindes, PhD, Psychologist
Yvonne Hindes
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Airdrie, AB T4A
Do you or your child struggle with learning? Do you or your child require accommodations at school, college or university? Do you or your child experience emotional, behavioural or social difficulties? Are you interested in understanding yours or your child's learning profile? Do you think your child is a gifted learner? I specialize in psycho-educational and psychological assessments of children, adolescents, and adults. I assist individuals with gaining a better understanding of their learning, intellectual functioning, psychological and/or mental health, personality, and behaviours.
Do you or your child struggle with learning? Do you or your child require accommodations at school, college or university? Do you or your child experience emotional, behavioural or social difficulties? Are you interested in understanding yours or your child's learning profile? Do you think your child is a gifted learner? I specialize in psycho-educational and psychological assessments of children, adolescents, and adults. I assist individuals with gaining a better understanding of their learning, intellectual functioning, psychological and/or mental health, personality, and behaviours.
(855) 737-7065 View (855) 737-7065
Photo of Jennifer Berard - Jennifer Berard & Associates, MA, RPsych, Psychologist
Jennifer Berard & Associates
Psychologist, MA, RPsych
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Airdrie, AB T4A
As owner, operator and lead clinician at Jennifer Berard & Associates, I believe that all people have an incredible capacity for change. I've had the honour to observe individuals, with seemingly insurmountable challenges, create meaningful and lasting change. My approach is client centered. I believe that you are the expert in your life and I aim to help you find your own strength, in your own time, at your own pace. I have extensive experience and training in the Addiction and Mental Health field, with specialized experience in the addictions, trauma, forensics and first responders.
As owner, operator and lead clinician at Jennifer Berard & Associates, I believe that all people have an incredible capacity for change. I've had the honour to observe individuals, with seemingly insurmountable challenges, create meaningful and lasting change. My approach is client centered. I believe that you are the expert in your life and I aim to help you find your own strength, in your own time, at your own pace. I have extensive experience and training in the Addiction and Mental Health field, with specialized experience in the addictions, trauma, forensics and first responders.
(587) 328-0120 View (587) 328-0120
1

See more therapy options for T4A

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in T4A

100+

Average cost per session

$220

Counsellors in T4A who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
77% Self Esteem
77% Stress
72% Coping Skills
70% Trauma and PTSD
66% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Green Shield Canada
70% Canada Life | Great-West Life
67% Alberta Blue Cross

How Counsellors in T4A see their clients

89% In Person and Online
11% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in T4A?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.