Therapists in Kanata, ON

Photo of Francois Lamarche, Registered Social Worker in Kanata, ON
Francois Lamarche
Registered Social Worker, MSW-RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kanata, ON K2L
Hello, my name is François, and I'm a registered social worker, psychotherapist in Ottawa. I have been in the field since 2004, working with numerous clients from all age groups and background. I worked 18 years in Hospital Adult Mental Health and 7 years in Hospital children mental health. My vision of therapy is not to hide the truth from you. I am here to work with you to getting better, in an honest and adaptive way. I am bilingual in both French and English.
Hello, my name is François, and I'm a registered social worker, psychotherapist in Ottawa. I have been in the field since 2004, working with numerous clients from all age groups and background. I worked 18 years in Hospital Adult Mental Health and 7 years in Hospital children mental health. My vision of therapy is not to hide the truth from you. I am here to work with you to getting better, in an honest and adaptive way. I am bilingual in both French and English.
(343) 304-6811 View (343) 304-6811
Photo of Relationship Counseling & Therapy with Anne Kanata, Registered Psychotherapist in Kanata, ON
Relationship Counseling & Therapy with Anne Kanata
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, RP
Verified Verified
Kanata, ON K2K
I am a registered psychotherapist in Kanata experienced in assisting adults, couples, youth & families with personal issues, with relationships, & with career issues. I use an evidence based approach tailored to meet your individual need. Together, we work to create a supportive, safe & nonjudgemental environment to help you make changes in your life, relieve anxiety, stress, reach new understandings & ultimately achieve true personal growth. My expertise is in communication with both professionals & families. I have training in resilience for anxiety & depression for adolescents, children, adults & in navigating school challenges
I am a registered psychotherapist in Kanata experienced in assisting adults, couples, youth & families with personal issues, with relationships, & with career issues. I use an evidence based approach tailored to meet your individual need. Together, we work to create a supportive, safe & nonjudgemental environment to help you make changes in your life, relieve anxiety, stress, reach new understandings & ultimately achieve true personal growth. My expertise is in communication with both professionals & families. I have training in resilience for anxiety & depression for adolescents, children, adults & in navigating school challenges
(343) 341-0027 View (343) 341-0027
Photo of Stacey S Kirkpatrick, Registered Psychotherapist in Kanata, ON
Stacey S Kirkpatrick
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP
Verified Verified
Kanata, ON K2L
Not accepting new clients
I work collaboratively with my clients to help them through depression, anxiety, stress, low self esteem, OCD, trauma, historical physical and sexual abuse, and many other challenges you may be facing.
I work collaboratively with my clients to help them through depression, anxiety, stress, low self esteem, OCD, trauma, historical physical and sexual abuse, and many other challenges you may be facing.
(613) 707-0110 View (613) 707-0110
Photo of Taylor Davidson - SL Psychotherapy and Wellness, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Kanata, ON
Taylor Davidson - SL Psychotherapy and Wellness
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP (Q)
Verified Verified
Kanata, ON K2L
My psychotherapy practice is anchored in normalizing and validating. With a grounding in somatic approaches and Emotionally Focused Therapy, I accompany clients through stressful life events and emotional challenges, as well as relational and personal issues. I work with individuals, couples and polyamorous relationships (including queer folks and non-romantic relationship configurations).
My psychotherapy practice is anchored in normalizing and validating. With a grounding in somatic approaches and Emotionally Focused Therapy, I accompany clients through stressful life events and emotional challenges, as well as relational and personal issues. I work with individuals, couples and polyamorous relationships (including queer folks and non-romantic relationship configurations).
(343) 342-0524 View (343) 342-0524
Photo of Amanda Dupont, Psychologist in Kanata, ON
Amanda Dupont
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kanata, ON K2L
Waitlist for new clients
My goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment for clients to explore their challenges with the guidance of an objective professional. My therapeutic approach is based on gaining an understanding of my client, defining obstacles to their wellbeing, and using evidence-based (scientifically proven) treatments to help improve their everyday functioning and ability to enjoy life.
My goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment for clients to explore their challenges with the guidance of an objective professional. My therapeutic approach is based on gaining an understanding of my client, defining obstacles to their wellbeing, and using evidence-based (scientifically proven) treatments to help improve their everyday functioning and ability to enjoy life.
(343) 308-0246 View (343) 308-0246
Photo of Deborah Boldt, Registered Social Worker in Kanata, ON
Deborah Boldt
Registered Social Worker, MSW RSW
Verified Verified
Kanata, ON K2K
Welcome! I provide in person (Ottawa) and virtual (Ontario) psychotherapy for individuals 18+ years of age. My areas of specialty are: Trauma, Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, Grief & Loss, Workplace Injuries, Life Span Transitions, Women and 2SLGBTQI
Welcome! I provide in person (Ottawa) and virtual (Ontario) psychotherapy for individuals 18+ years of age. My areas of specialty are: Trauma, Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, Grief & Loss, Workplace Injuries, Life Span Transitions, Women and 2SLGBTQI
(343) 801-3804 View (343) 801-3804
Photo of Rabieh Abou Rahal - Sl Psychotherapy And Wellness, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Kanata, ON
Rabieh Abou Rahal - Sl Psychotherapy And Wellness
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP (Q)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kanata, ON K2L  (Online Only)
I believe each person is on their own unique journey that is often presented with a collection of different opportunities and challenges. My goal is to walk alongside my clients to support them on their journey; towards a path of meaningful change. I am passionate about creating a supportive, caring, and non-judgmental space where people can be their authentic selves. I value preserving this space where people may feel comfortable exploring their journey with me and expressing their thoughts and emotions.
I believe each person is on their own unique journey that is often presented with a collection of different opportunities and challenges. My goal is to walk alongside my clients to support them on their journey; towards a path of meaningful change. I am passionate about creating a supportive, caring, and non-judgmental space where people can be their authentic selves. I value preserving this space where people may feel comfortable exploring their journey with me and expressing their thoughts and emotions.
(343) 633-4294 View (343) 633-4294
NuVista Mental Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Not Verified Not Verified
Kanata, ON K2L
NuVista Mental Health, with locations downtown and in Kanata, is part of the True North Group of Companies, owned by psychiatrist Dr. Mark Johnston. Our mission is to provide a safe and supportive environment for clients, clinicians and staff. NuVista Mental Health clinicians are dedicated to helping all those who suffer from mental health issues. We practice a holistic approach to mental health. How we think, feel and behave is the result of complex interactions between our biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors.
NuVista Mental Health, with locations downtown and in Kanata, is part of the True North Group of Companies, owned by psychiatrist Dr. Mark Johnston. Our mission is to provide a safe and supportive environment for clients, clinicians and staff. NuVista Mental Health clinicians are dedicated to helping all those who suffer from mental health issues. We practice a holistic approach to mental health. How we think, feel and behave is the result of complex interactions between our biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors.
(855) 218-0628 View (855) 218-0628
Photo of Sara Panuccio, Registered Psychotherapist in Kanata, ON
Sara Panuccio
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, CCC
Verified Verified
Kanata, ON K2K  (Online Only)
I have been working in the areas of mental health and addictions since 2008, specifically with the Royal Ottawa Mental Health Care Centre. My specialties are in substance use and concurrent disorders. Additionally, I work with individuals who are experiencing issues with anxiety, grief, depression, eating disorders, relationships, trauma, and general mental health. My therapeutic approach is warm, compassionate, and non-judgmental. I work collaboratively with my clients to address presenting issues and apply an integrated approach to meet client needs/concerns.
I have been working in the areas of mental health and addictions since 2008, specifically with the Royal Ottawa Mental Health Care Centre. My specialties are in substance use and concurrent disorders. Additionally, I work with individuals who are experiencing issues with anxiety, grief, depression, eating disorders, relationships, trauma, and general mental health. My therapeutic approach is warm, compassionate, and non-judgmental. I work collaboratively with my clients to address presenting issues and apply an integrated approach to meet client needs/concerns.
(613) 699-8157 View (613) 699-8157
Photo of Aaliya Blais-Batres, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Kanata, ON
Aaliya Blais-Batres
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kanata, ON K2T
Navigating the complexities of one’s past or present experiences can indeed be daunting, and the idea of discussing them with a stranger may feel overwhelming. I understand that taking the first step towards therapy can be challenging. As your therapist, I recognize the unique nature of each individual’s journey and strive to make the process as comfortable as possible. Embracing a holistic and client-centered approach, I tailor my methods to accommodate your specific needs and therapy goals. Creating a safe and supportive space is paramount to me.
Navigating the complexities of one’s past or present experiences can indeed be daunting, and the idea of discussing them with a stranger may feel overwhelming. I understand that taking the first step towards therapy can be challenging. As your therapist, I recognize the unique nature of each individual’s journey and strive to make the process as comfortable as possible. Embracing a holistic and client-centered approach, I tailor my methods to accommodate your specific needs and therapy goals. Creating a safe and supportive space is paramount to me.
(365) 675-0481 View (365) 675-0481
Photo of Stephen Clark, Registered Psychotherapist in Kanata, ON
Stephen Clark
Registered Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kanata, ON K2M  (Online Only)
Hello there! I'm glad you made it to my profile. Here is some information about how I work: I help people who are feeling stuck in some area of their lives. There are many different ways that we can get stuck. Maybe it is a behaviour that you are having a hard time changing. Maybe it is an emotional state that you can't seem to get rid of. Or maybe you are having relationship difficulties that won't go away even though you've tried everything. What I do is help people get un-stuck. I work with anyone who feels ready for a change, to help you find movement and freedom again in your life.
Hello there! I'm glad you made it to my profile. Here is some information about how I work: I help people who are feeling stuck in some area of their lives. There are many different ways that we can get stuck. Maybe it is a behaviour that you are having a hard time changing. Maybe it is an emotional state that you can't seem to get rid of. Or maybe you are having relationship difficulties that won't go away even though you've tried everything. What I do is help people get un-stuck. I work with anyone who feels ready for a change, to help you find movement and freedom again in your life.
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Photo of Kanata Psychology and Counselling Centre, Psychologist in Kanata, ON
Kanata Psychology and Counselling Centre
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Kanata, ON K2K
We provide evidence-based treatments for a variety of psychological problems including anxiety, depression, relationship problems, personality disorders, trauma, and issues related to identity and self-esteem. We help couples improve communication, and resolve conflicts to build a more secure bond. We treat teens experiencing anxiety, depression, self-injury, and other mental health problems. We provide treatment for children experiencing anxiety, depression, oppositional and defiant behaviour, ADHD, attachment difficulties, & school avoidance. We help those struggling with substance and alcohol problems.
We provide evidence-based treatments for a variety of psychological problems including anxiety, depression, relationship problems, personality disorders, trauma, and issues related to identity and self-esteem. We help couples improve communication, and resolve conflicts to build a more secure bond. We treat teens experiencing anxiety, depression, self-injury, and other mental health problems. We provide treatment for children experiencing anxiety, depression, oppositional and defiant behaviour, ADHD, attachment difficulties, & school avoidance. We help those struggling with substance and alcohol problems.
(613) 435-2729 View (613) 435-2729
Photo of Stacey Matthews, Registered Psychotherapist in Kanata, ON
Stacey Matthews
Registered Psychotherapist, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
Kanata, ON K2M  (Online Only)
Our experiences, choices and life circumstances can weigh heavily upon us. When our circumstances feel overwhelming and we struggle to see our way through the stress and pain, reaching out for support can lead us to an alternate path of peace, understanding and happiness. I work with youth, adults, families and couples seeking support with challenges such as: anxiety, depression, trauma and post-traumatic stress, interpersonal difficulties such as relationship distress, attachment injuries and problematic interpersonal patterns, sleep difficulties, stress and anger management.
Our experiences, choices and life circumstances can weigh heavily upon us. When our circumstances feel overwhelming and we struggle to see our way through the stress and pain, reaching out for support can lead us to an alternate path of peace, understanding and happiness. I work with youth, adults, families and couples seeking support with challenges such as: anxiety, depression, trauma and post-traumatic stress, interpersonal difficulties such as relationship distress, attachment injuries and problematic interpersonal patterns, sleep difficulties, stress and anger management.
(343) 800-0077 View (343) 800-0077
Photo of Jessica Lee House, Registered Psychotherapist in Kanata, ON
Jessica Lee House
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kanata, ON K2T
My mission is to help you feel your best, to offer support and guidance on your journey to feeling your best and living your best life. At the heart of my practice is the belief that every single human being wants to do well and can do well with the right support. I provide non-judgemental psychotherapeutic support to children, youth, parents and families who are experiencing emotional, behavioural, social, and/or relational challenges at home, at school, in the community, and/or in the workplace.
My mission is to help you feel your best, to offer support and guidance on your journey to feeling your best and living your best life. At the heart of my practice is the belief that every single human being wants to do well and can do well with the right support. I provide non-judgemental psychotherapeutic support to children, youth, parents and families who are experiencing emotional, behavioural, social, and/or relational challenges at home, at school, in the community, and/or in the workplace.
(343) 341-8882 View (343) 341-8882
Photo of Rosa Palladini, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Kanata, ON
Rosa Palladini
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kanata, ON K2K
Currently accepting new clients! I support individuals by providing a safe, welcoming space so that together we can explore and process experiences, develop new coping mechanisms, and empower clients to reach their therapeutic goals. I work with clients to find balance by increasing their self-awareness, utilizing tools to navigate challenges, and supporting them in their journeys.
Currently accepting new clients! I support individuals by providing a safe, welcoming space so that together we can explore and process experiences, develop new coping mechanisms, and empower clients to reach their therapeutic goals. I work with clients to find balance by increasing their self-awareness, utilizing tools to navigate challenges, and supporting them in their journeys.
(343) 801-1747 View (343) 801-1747
Photo of Lea Sutherland, Registered Psychotherapist in Kanata, ON
Lea Sutherland
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MA, BED, BCOMM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kanata, ON K2V  (Online Only)
I work from a client-centered approach, placing emphasis on our client-therapist relationship. As such, I offer a caring, compassionate, and inquiring atmosphere to foster an emotionally safe space for inner exploration of difficult feelings, experiences and memories. I help clients examine their distress by bringing up and working through their experiences, issues, or concerns in an effort to understand and clarify their current beliefs, emotions, and behaviors as they relate to personal decisions and intimate relationships.
I work from a client-centered approach, placing emphasis on our client-therapist relationship. As such, I offer a caring, compassionate, and inquiring atmosphere to foster an emotionally safe space for inner exploration of difficult feelings, experiences and memories. I help clients examine their distress by bringing up and working through their experiences, issues, or concerns in an effort to understand and clarify their current beliefs, emotions, and behaviors as they relate to personal decisions and intimate relationships.
(343) 305-1106 View (343) 305-1106
Photo of Tracy Thomson Counselling & Psychotherapy, Registered Psychotherapist in Kanata, ON
Tracy Thomson Counselling & Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, BA, RP
Verified Verified
Kanata, ON K2L
I see my role as a facilitator. I facilitate hope, growth, and strength in my clients as I encourage their development towards a clearer understanding of self. With a clearer self understanding, one can move in the direction of greater well-being and a happier, more fulfilled life. I walk with you in your discovery of finding your inner-resources and inner-peace. Additionally, I provide online sessions with clients who live within Ontario.
I see my role as a facilitator. I facilitate hope, growth, and strength in my clients as I encourage their development towards a clearer understanding of self. With a clearer self understanding, one can move in the direction of greater well-being and a happier, more fulfilled life. I walk with you in your discovery of finding your inner-resources and inner-peace. Additionally, I provide online sessions with clients who live within Ontario.
(613) 402-9002 View (613) 402-9002
Photo of Heather Joyce Ripley, Registered Social Worker in Kanata, ON
Heather Joyce Ripley
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Kanata, ON K2L
I believe when we feel understood, validated, and supported…we heal. This is what psychotherapy is intended to do. My style is gentle and compassionate. I am an encourager by nature, so can help you identify & build on what you already do well. I am also sensitive by nature and there’s a good chance you are as well (it’s a genetic trait called "Highly Sensitive Person" that shows up in about 20% of the population & about 50% of therapy clients).
I believe when we feel understood, validated, and supported…we heal. This is what psychotherapy is intended to do. My style is gentle and compassionate. I am an encourager by nature, so can help you identify & build on what you already do well. I am also sensitive by nature and there’s a good chance you are as well (it’s a genetic trait called "Highly Sensitive Person" that shows up in about 20% of the population & about 50% of therapy clients).
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Photo of Sabreena Castagner, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Kanata, ON
Sabreena Castagner
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kanata, ON K2K
I'm a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) committed to supporting individuals and couples on their journey to emotional well-being. I offer a warm and collaborative space for personal growth and relationship development. In my general therapeutic practice, I provide a supportive environment where individuals can explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. My approach is collaborative, strengths-based, and client-centered. For couples, I specialize in creating a safe and empathetic space where partners can navigate challenges, enhance communication, and rediscover the joy in their connection.
I'm a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) committed to supporting individuals and couples on their journey to emotional well-being. I offer a warm and collaborative space for personal growth and relationship development. In my general therapeutic practice, I provide a supportive environment where individuals can explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. My approach is collaborative, strengths-based, and client-centered. For couples, I specialize in creating a safe and empathetic space where partners can navigate challenges, enhance communication, and rediscover the joy in their connection.
(343) 314-1404 View (343) 314-1404
Photo of Samantha Gray, Registered Psychotherapist in Kanata, ON
Samantha Gray
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kanata, ON K2L
I am a compassionate Registered Psychotherapist with over 10 years of experience. Specializing in Perinatal Mental Health, problematic substance use, and eating disorders, I offer virtual sessions to Ontario residents aged 18+, and in-person sessions to Ottawa and the surrounding areas. I currently work out of the beautiful Rooted Family Wellness Centre in Kanata, Ontario. I emphasize trust, safety, and choice in the therapeutic relationship, utilizing strengths-based, evidence-informed approaches to foster resilience. I take a Holistic approach to Counselling and am trained in Emotion Focused and Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy.
I am a compassionate Registered Psychotherapist with over 10 years of experience. Specializing in Perinatal Mental Health, problematic substance use, and eating disorders, I offer virtual sessions to Ontario residents aged 18+, and in-person sessions to Ottawa and the surrounding areas. I currently work out of the beautiful Rooted Family Wellness Centre in Kanata, Ontario. I emphasize trust, safety, and choice in the therapeutic relationship, utilizing strengths-based, evidence-informed approaches to foster resilience. I take a Holistic approach to Counselling and am trained in Emotion Focused and Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy.
(343) 305-5832 View (343) 305-5832

See more therapy options for Kanata

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Kanata, ON

200+

Average cost per session

$160

Counsellors in Kanata, ON who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
90% Depression
88% Self Esteem
82% Stress
78% Relationship Issues
78% Coping Skills
71% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% SunLife
60% Canada Life | Great-West Life
54% Blue Cross

How Counsellors in Kanata, ON see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
16% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Kanata?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.