Therapists in Lloydminster, SK

Donna Astley-Reed
Counsellor, CCC
Online Only
Life can feel overwhelming at times. Whether you’re navigating stress, anxiety, life transitions, or simply trying to manage the demands of everyday life, having a supportive space to pause, reflect, and feel heard can make a meaningful difference. I offer trauma-informed virtual counselling for adults seeking support with stress, overwhelm, anxiety, emotional wellness, and personal growth. My approach is warm, collaborative, relational, and grounded in creating a space where clients feel comfortable showing up exactly as they are.
Life can feel overwhelming at times. Whether you’re navigating stress, anxiety, life transitions, or simply trying to manage the demands of everyday life, having a supportive space to pause, reflect, and feel heard can make a meaningful difference. I offer trauma-informed virtual counselling for adults seeking support with stress, overwhelm, anxiety, emotional wellness, and personal growth. My approach is warm, collaborative, relational, and grounded in creating a space where clients feel comfortable showing up exactly as they are.
(639) 638-3109 View (639) 638-3109
DebbieRoberts Infidelity/Betrayal Trauma Therapist
Counsellor, MA, CCC, CSAT, CPTT, EMDR
1 Endorsed
Lloydminster, SK S9V
Has infidelity shattered your sense of safety and left you questioning everything? If you are struggling with betrayal, secrecy, or broken trust in your relationship, you are not alone! Trauma doesn’t just hurt your heart — it can affect your body, your identity, and your hope for the future. With over 15 years of experience, I offer a compassionate, evidence-based approach tailored to your unique journey. As a CCC, CSAT, CPTT, and EMDR-trained therapist, I customize each session to your specific goals and needs, creating sustainable change. Healing is possible.
Has infidelity shattered your sense of safety and left you questioning everything? If you are struggling with betrayal, secrecy, or broken trust in your relationship, you are not alone! Trauma doesn’t just hurt your heart — it can affect your body, your identity, and your hope for the future. With over 15 years of experience, I offer a compassionate, evidence-based approach tailored to your unique journey. As a CCC, CSAT, CPTT, and EMDR-trained therapist, I customize each session to your specific goals and needs, creating sustainable change. Healing is possible.
(639) 638-7299 View (639) 638-7299
Debbie Roberts CSAT/Betrayal Trauma Therapist
Counsellor, MA, CCC, EMDR, CSAT, CPTT
Online Only
Betrayal and addiction can deeply impact intimacy with the person you love most. It can affect your self-worth, your sense of safety and leave you feeling lost, alone and confused. I specialize in supporting individuals and couples navigating betrayal trauma, compulsive sexual behaviour, intimacy challenges, and relational healing after broken trust. My approach is accountability-centered, grounded in honesty, integrity, and self-awareness. Healing is not about perfection. It is about processing trauma, rebuilding trust and creating healthier patterns of connection with deeper intimacy where you and your relationship can thrive.
Betrayal and addiction can deeply impact intimacy with the person you love most. It can affect your self-worth, your sense of safety and leave you feeling lost, alone and confused. I specialize in supporting individuals and couples navigating betrayal trauma, compulsive sexual behaviour, intimacy challenges, and relational healing after broken trust. My approach is accountability-centered, grounded in honesty, integrity, and self-awareness. Healing is not about perfection. It is about processing trauma, rebuilding trust and creating healthier patterns of connection with deeper intimacy where you and your relationship can thrive.
(306) 992-3751 View (306) 992-3751
Solis Novum Counselling
Counsellor, MC, ACTA
Online Only
Hey there... I'm Danielle. Maybe you've been carrying more than anyone realizes. You're exhausted from trying to cope, feeling stuck, or wondering why things still feel so hard despite your best efforts. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, addiction, or the challenges of living with disability or just everyday life - you don't have to figure it out alone. My approach is warm, honest, and practical. Together, we'll identify patterns, find moments of calm, and take steps—even little ones—towards your goals. I'm here to be the helping hand that's there when you need a boost, a new perspective, or simply a space to have a cry.
Hey there... I'm Danielle. Maybe you've been carrying more than anyone realizes. You're exhausted from trying to cope, feeling stuck, or wondering why things still feel so hard despite your best efforts. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, addiction, or the challenges of living with disability or just everyday life - you don't have to figure it out alone. My approach is warm, honest, and practical. Together, we'll identify patterns, find moments of calm, and take steps—even little ones—towards your goals. I'm here to be the helping hand that's there when you need a boost, a new perspective, or simply a space to have a cry.
(587) 841-5780 View (587) 841-5780
Strength Counselling Services
Counsellor, MEd, CCC, RCC, RSW, RP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
(587) 412-5049 View (587) 412-5049
Regina Yakubov
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Online Only
You might be navigating anxiety, OCD, depression, or a life transition that has left you feeling stuck or unsure of yourself. I work with adolescents and adults aged 13 and up on a range of concerns including relationship difficulties, self-esteem challenges, and the kind of stress that builds quietly until it becomes hard to ignore. My clients often arrive knowing something needs to change but not quite knowing where to start. That is exactly where we begin, together, at a pace that works for you.
You might be navigating anxiety, OCD, depression, or a life transition that has left you feeling stuck or unsure of yourself. I work with adolescents and adults aged 13 and up on a range of concerns including relationship difficulties, self-esteem challenges, and the kind of stress that builds quietly until it becomes hard to ignore. My clients often arrive knowing something needs to change but not quite knowing where to start. That is exactly where we begin, together, at a pace that works for you.
(639) 307-3524 View (639) 307-3524
Sparrow's Life Counselling
Marriage & Family Therapist, BA, MAMFT, CCC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
We are a husband and wife team who are passionate about supporting and building relationships. As marriage and family therapists we are open to meeting with couples, individuals and families. Every voice matters. As we sit and reflect on what is going on in your life, it is important to us that your voice is heard. This is sacred space as we listen to your thoughts, your hurts and the struggles that you are going through.
We are a husband and wife team who are passionate about supporting and building relationships. As marriage and family therapists we are open to meeting with couples, individuals and families. Every voice matters. As we sit and reflect on what is going on in your life, it is important to us that your voice is heard. This is sacred space as we listen to your thoughts, your hurts and the struggles that you are going through.
(306) 994-2983 View (306) 994-2983
Melissa Duggan
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, MEd
Online Only
You might be navigating ADHD, anxiety, or depression and feeling out of step with everyone around you. You might be a parent trying to understand what your child is experiencing, or an adult facing the pressure of school, career decisions, or figuring out who you are. I work with clients of all ages, drawing on my background as both an educator and a therapist to understand not just what you are feeling, but the systems and pressures shaping it. We start with your nervous system, and build from there.
You might be navigating ADHD, anxiety, or depression and feeling out of step with everyone around you. You might be a parent trying to understand what your child is experiencing, or an adult facing the pressure of school, career decisions, or figuring out who you are. I work with clients of all ages, drawing on my background as both an educator and a therapist to understand not just what you are feeling, but the systems and pressures shaping it. We start with your nervous system, and build from there.
(639) 739-7928 View (639) 739-7928
Vera Koster
Counsellor, MACP, CCPCPR, CSAT, CMAT, ACTA
Serves Area
With over a decade of experience in the field of mental health and addiction, I am passionate about helping individuals navigate their unique journeys toward healing and growth. I am EMDR trained and I hold a Master’s Degree in Counselling Psychology and a Bachelor’s in Psychology. I’m also proud to be certified as CCPCP-R through the Canadian College of Professional Counsellors and Psychotherapists, and registered with the Association of Counselling Therapy of Alberta (ACTA). I’m a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT) and Certified Multiple Addiction Therapist (CMAT).
With over a decade of experience in the field of mental health and addiction, I am passionate about helping individuals navigate their unique journeys toward healing and growth. I am EMDR trained and I hold a Master’s Degree in Counselling Psychology and a Bachelor’s in Psychology. I’m also proud to be certified as CCPCP-R through the Canadian College of Professional Counsellors and Psychotherapists, and registered with the Association of Counselling Therapy of Alberta (ACTA). I’m a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT) and Certified Multiple Addiction Therapist (CMAT).
(587) 507-3033 View (587) 507-3033
Kirstin Haines
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP
7 Endorsed
Online Only
You do not have to be in crisis to benefit from therapy. Many of the people I work with are navigating something quieter but just as heavy: a transition they did not expect, a pattern they cannot seem to break, a version of themselves they are trying to grow into. I work with children, adolescents, and adults across all stages of life. Whether a child building confidence, a teen finding their footing socially, or an adult moving through change and uncertainty, I meet each person where they are and build from there.
You do not have to be in crisis to benefit from therapy. Many of the people I work with are navigating something quieter but just as heavy: a transition they did not expect, a pattern they cannot seem to break, a version of themselves they are trying to grow into. I work with children, adolescents, and adults across all stages of life. Whether a child building confidence, a teen finding their footing socially, or an adult moving through change and uncertainty, I meet each person where they are and build from there.
(639) 391-7939 View (639) 391-7939
Stephanie Lowe
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, MIR
Online Only
You know something needs to change, but you are not sure where to start. Maybe you are exhausted from the pressure of work, running on empty, or moving through a transition that has left you feeling unsteady. I work with adults navigating anxiety, burnout, stress, depression, and life transitions, including career changes, relationship shifts, and those stretching moments of uncertainty about what comes next. If you have spent years putting everyone else first and are ready to understand yourself better and build a life with more clarity and balance, you are in the right place.
You know something needs to change, but you are not sure where to start. Maybe you are exhausted from the pressure of work, running on empty, or moving through a transition that has left you feeling unsteady. I work with adults navigating anxiety, burnout, stress, depression, and life transitions, including career changes, relationship shifts, and those stretching moments of uncertainty about what comes next. If you have spent years putting everyone else first and are ready to understand yourself better and build a life with more clarity and balance, you are in the right place.
(639) 389-3586 View (639) 389-3586
Kendra Gerein
Registered Social Worker, RSW, BSW
Serves Area
Life can look “fine” on the outside while feeling overwhelming on the inside. I support high-functioning, responsible people who privately struggle with anxiety, stress, burnout, overthinking, people-pleasing, self-doubt, grief, or major life transitions. Children and teens don’t always have the words to explain what they’re feeling, and parents often sense something is wrong but aren’t sure how to help. I work with young people experiencing anxiety, emotional regulation challenges, school stress, low self-esteem, or behavioural changes, and support parents who want practical tools to better understand and help their child.
Life can look “fine” on the outside while feeling overwhelming on the inside. I support high-functioning, responsible people who privately struggle with anxiety, stress, burnout, overthinking, people-pleasing, self-doubt, grief, or major life transitions. Children and teens don’t always have the words to explain what they’re feeling, and parents often sense something is wrong but aren’t sure how to help. I work with young people experiencing anxiety, emotional regulation challenges, school stress, low self-esteem, or behavioural changes, and support parents who want practical tools to better understand and help their child.
(639) 709-1382 View (639) 709-1382
Julia Malynka
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Everyone deserves access to life-changing care. I work with adolescents, individuals, couples, and adults navigating trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, addiction, PTSD, personality disorders, and relationship challenges. My clients often feel stuck in cycles of overwhelm, intrusive thoughts, or emotional exhaustion that disrupts daily life and connection. They may feel misunderstood, isolated, or unsure how to move forward. If any of this sounds familiar, you are not alone and you do not have to figure it out by yourself. This is exactly the work I am here for.
Everyone deserves access to life-changing care. I work with adolescents, individuals, couples, and adults navigating trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, addiction, PTSD, personality disorders, and relationship challenges. My clients often feel stuck in cycles of overwhelm, intrusive thoughts, or emotional exhaustion that disrupts daily life and connection. They may feel misunderstood, isolated, or unsure how to move forward. If any of this sounds familiar, you are not alone and you do not have to figure it out by yourself. This is exactly the work I am here for.
(639) 739-6326 View (639) 739-6326
Maya Macbeth
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Online Only
The ways we learn to cope often make perfect sense given what we have been through. Over time, those same patterns can leave us feeling stuck, disconnected, or overwhelmed. I work with individuals and couples navigating trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, attachment injuries, infidelity, and the lasting effects of sexual abuse and assault. If you are caught in patterns you cannot seem to shift, or carrying something that has never felt fully safe to explore, this is a space built for exactly that work.
The ways we learn to cope often make perfect sense given what we have been through. Over time, those same patterns can leave us feeling stuck, disconnected, or overwhelmed. I work with individuals and couples navigating trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, attachment injuries, infidelity, and the lasting effects of sexual abuse and assault. If you are caught in patterns you cannot seem to shift, or carrying something that has never felt fully safe to explore, this is a space built for exactly that work.
(639) 739-7037 View (639) 739-7037
Melissa Lerner
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, BPS, OCT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You might be a parent watching your child struggle at school and not knowing how to help. You might be managing your own ADHD diagnosis later in life, or trying to hold everything together while caring for your kids and your aging parents at the same time. Maybe it is anxiety, depression, or just the quiet exhaustion of feeling like too much is always on your plate. Whatever brought you here, you do not have to figure it out alone. I work with children, teens, and adults who are ready to understand themselves better and build something that actually lasts.
You might be a parent watching your child struggle at school and not knowing how to help. You might be managing your own ADHD diagnosis later in life, or trying to hold everything together while caring for your kids and your aging parents at the same time. Maybe it is anxiety, depression, or just the quiet exhaustion of feeling like too much is always on your plate. Whatever brought you here, you do not have to figure it out alone. I work with children, teens, and adults who are ready to understand themselves better and build something that actually lasts.
(639) 307-4574 View (639) 307-4574
Saira Gokal
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Online Only
Somewhere along the way, many of us learn to shrink ourselves to stay loved, accepted, or safe. If that sounds familiar, you might be carrying childhood trauma, faith-based trauma, or the weight of navigating your identity within your culture, your family, or the LGBTQ2IA+ community. You might be neurodivergent and still figuring out what that means for how you move through the world. I work with adolescents and adults facing these experiences, including depression, C-PTSD, family dysfunction, and relationship challenges, and I bring culturally responsive care that honours where you come from.
Somewhere along the way, many of us learn to shrink ourselves to stay loved, accepted, or safe. If that sounds familiar, you might be carrying childhood trauma, faith-based trauma, or the weight of navigating your identity within your culture, your family, or the LGBTQ2IA+ community. You might be neurodivergent and still figuring out what that means for how you move through the world. I work with adolescents and adults facing these experiences, including depression, C-PTSD, family dysfunction, and relationship challenges, and I bring culturally responsive care that honours where you come from.
(639) 739-6948 View (639) 739-6948
Allison Rozansky
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Online Only
Healing often begins with learning to treat yourself with the same compassion you already offer everyone else. I work with adolescents and adults navigating anxiety, low self-esteem, body image concerns, perfectionism, work stress, and relationship challenges. My clients often arrive feeling disconnected from themselves, struggling to trust their own voice or feel confident in who they are. Whether you are dealing with social pressure, family dynamics, dating, or the quiet weight of self-criticism, this is a space where you can begin to reconnect with yourself.
Healing often begins with learning to treat yourself with the same compassion you already offer everyone else. I work with adolescents and adults navigating anxiety, low self-esteem, body image concerns, perfectionism, work stress, and relationship challenges. My clients often arrive feeling disconnected from themselves, struggling to trust their own voice or feel confident in who they are. Whether you are dealing with social pressure, family dynamics, dating, or the quiet weight of self-criticism, this is a space where you can begin to reconnect with yourself.
(639) 739-9642 View (639) 739-9642
Cassidy Fiset
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Online Only
Starting therapy can feel like a big step, and it makes sense to feel uncertain about it. I work with adults navigating relationship challenges, anxiety, self-esteem struggles, and major life transitions, including the moments where you feel stuck and are not quite sure what comes next. My clients often arrive knowing something needs to change but unsure where to begin. That uncertainty is not a problem to fix before we start. It is exactly where we begin, together, at a pace that feels right for you.
Starting therapy can feel like a big step, and it makes sense to feel uncertain about it. I work with adults navigating relationship challenges, anxiety, self-esteem struggles, and major life transitions, including the moments where you feel stuck and are not quite sure what comes next. My clients often arrive knowing something needs to change but unsure where to begin. That uncertainty is not a problem to fix before we start. It is exactly where we begin, together, at a pace that feels right for you.
(639) 739-5696 View (639) 739-5696
Edia Emamyar
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
8 Endorsed
Online Only
Many people have already talked their stories through. The goal here isn’t to endlessly process - it’s to heal. We go beneath coping and analysis, carefully deconstruct what’s holding you in place and rebuild from the foundation up. I am a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) supporting adults, couples, and adolescents through trauma, neurodivergence, OCD, personality disorders, attachment-based challenges and more. My approach is grounded in evidence-based practices. Many of my clients have experienced therapy before but are ready for a deeper layer of healing. I provide a comforting space to heal while growing.
Many people have already talked their stories through. The goal here isn’t to endlessly process - it’s to heal. We go beneath coping and analysis, carefully deconstruct what’s holding you in place and rebuild from the foundation up. I am a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) supporting adults, couples, and adolescents through trauma, neurodivergence, OCD, personality disorders, attachment-based challenges and more. My approach is grounded in evidence-based practices. Many of my clients have experienced therapy before but are ready for a deeper layer of healing. I provide a comforting space to heal while growing.
(639) 739-6418 View (639) 739-6418
Sabrina Overholt
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe therapy should feel like a supportive, non-judgmental space where you can show up as you are. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in genuine connection. I work with addiction and Borderline Personality Disorder, as well as clients navigating anxiety, stress, self-esteem challenges, relationship difficulties, and life transitions, with a particular focus on adolescents and young adults building self-understanding. I aim to help clients feel understood while building insight, emotional regulation, and healthier coping strategies, at a pace that feels right for each person.
I believe therapy should feel like a supportive, non-judgmental space where you can show up as you are. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in genuine connection. I work with addiction and Borderline Personality Disorder, as well as clients navigating anxiety, stress, self-esteem challenges, relationship difficulties, and life transitions, with a particular focus on adolescents and young adults building self-understanding. I aim to help clients feel understood while building insight, emotional regulation, and healthier coping strategies, at a pace that feels right for each person.
(639) 299-0243 View (639) 299-0243

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Lloydminster, SK

20+

Average cost per session

$180

Counsellors in Lloydminster, SK who prioritize treating:

85% Anxiety
85% Social Anxiety
85% Health Anxiety
85% Driving Anxiety
80% Grief
80% Trauma and PTSD
80% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% BlueCross and BlueShield
93% Blue Cross
93% Blue Shield

How Counsellors in Lloydminster, SK see their clients

80% Online Only
20% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Lloydminster?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.