Therapists in Montréal, QC

View neighborhoods in Montréal
Photo of Zikman and Associates CBT - Psychology Clinic, Psychologist in Montréal, QC
Zikman and Associates CBT - Psychology Clinic
Psychologist, MEd, MA, OPQ, QUEBEC, ONTARIO
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H3G
SAME-WEEK Appointments available. With 15+ years of experience and expertise in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), we're dedicated to helping clients lead healthier lives. Within a non-judgmental setting, we'll work with you to alleviate distress caused by personal, social, or workplace issues. We're skilled in treating Anxiety, Depression, Grief, Procrastination, Relationship, and Self-Esteem issues, as well as Academic and Workplace Adjustments. We're also sensitive to the unique challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ community. We have carefully selected our team of therapists for their knowledge, professionalism, and relatability.
SAME-WEEK Appointments available. With 15+ years of experience and expertise in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), we're dedicated to helping clients lead healthier lives. Within a non-judgmental setting, we'll work with you to alleviate distress caused by personal, social, or workplace issues. We're skilled in treating Anxiety, Depression, Grief, Procrastination, Relationship, and Self-Esteem issues, as well as Academic and Workplace Adjustments. We're also sensitive to the unique challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ community. We have carefully selected our team of therapists for their knowledge, professionalism, and relatability.
(438) 230-1040 View (438) 230-1040
Photo of Dr. Amir Shoham, Psychologist in Montréal, QC
Dr. Amir Shoham
Psychologist, PhD, MSc
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4A
I am a licensed psychologist, member of the order des Psychologues du Québec (OPQ). My areas of clinical expertise include anxiety, stress, burnout, and depression, mid-life personal and/or professional transitions, growth and development, anger management and self-esteem.
I am a licensed psychologist, member of the order des Psychologues du Québec (OPQ). My areas of clinical expertise include anxiety, stress, burnout, and depression, mid-life personal and/or professional transitions, growth and development, anger management and self-esteem.
(438) 800-7062 View (438) 800-7062
Photo of Marie-Pierre Fontaine-Paquet, Psychologist in Montréal, QC
Marie-Pierre Fontaine-Paquet
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H2K
Not accepting new clients
Many of us face times in our lives when we need support to get through difficult periods. I see psychotherapy as a safe space to explore yourself, gain self-insight and understanding, and develop tools and resources to face the ups and downs of life. Since 2011, I have had the chance to work with adults with various needs and challenges. I have supported clients to work through relationship difficulties, repetitive patterns that were no longer serving them, anxiety, depression, painful emotions related to present or past events (including traumas), self-esteem issues, grief and loss, and adjustment to chronic illness.
Many of us face times in our lives when we need support to get through difficult periods. I see psychotherapy as a safe space to explore yourself, gain self-insight and understanding, and develop tools and resources to face the ups and downs of life. Since 2011, I have had the chance to work with adults with various needs and challenges. I have supported clients to work through relationship difficulties, repetitive patterns that were no longer serving them, anxiety, depression, painful emotions related to present or past events (including traumas), self-esteem issues, grief and loss, and adjustment to chronic illness.
(438) 601-3144 View (438) 601-3144
Photo of Robin Moszkowski, Psychologist in Montréal, QC
Robin Moszkowski
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H4A  (Online Only)
Becoming a parent, and being flexible and resilient in how you parent your developing child, is one of life's greatest challenges. We are often unprepared, overwhelmed, and not well supported. Working with families with children of all ages, I specialize in helping strengthen the parent-child relationship. I provide tools to foster resilience and wellbeing, whether it be during periods of transition (e.g., prenatal/postpartum periods, transition to school, separation/divorce), or during regular day-to-day parenting. By helping you work through your struggles that arise with your children, you can raise happy, confident children.
Becoming a parent, and being flexible and resilient in how you parent your developing child, is one of life's greatest challenges. We are often unprepared, overwhelmed, and not well supported. Working with families with children of all ages, I specialize in helping strengthen the parent-child relationship. I provide tools to foster resilience and wellbeing, whether it be during periods of transition (e.g., prenatal/postpartum periods, transition to school, separation/divorce), or during regular day-to-day parenting. By helping you work through your struggles that arise with your children, you can raise happy, confident children.
(514) 613-4751 View (514) 613-4751
Photo of Michael McCarthy, Counsellor in Montréal, QC
Michael McCarthy
Counsellor, MA, RDT, CCC
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H2L
As a registered drama therapist I combine creative interventions and verbal processing to help individuals process their thoughts, feelings, and emotions, develop coping skills and rehearse for life. Using a client-centred approach, I meet the person where they are, discover their strengths, and facilitate their growth and development. I also help clients foster creativity in their daily lives to encourage wellness. I have experience working with queer and trans folks, individuals living with HIV/AIDS, substance users, those experiencing grief or feeling lost and people having trouble regulating mood, behaviour, and anxiety.
As a registered drama therapist I combine creative interventions and verbal processing to help individuals process their thoughts, feelings, and emotions, develop coping skills and rehearse for life. Using a client-centred approach, I meet the person where they are, discover their strengths, and facilitate their growth and development. I also help clients foster creativity in their daily lives to encourage wellness. I have experience working with queer and trans folks, individuals living with HIV/AIDS, substance users, those experiencing grief or feeling lost and people having trouble regulating mood, behaviour, and anxiety.
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Photo of Mingyue Tao, Counsellor in Montréal, QC
Mingyue Tao
Counsellor, MA, CCC, ND
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H2L  (Online Only)
Hey, I know it's a lot to read, so let me make it easy for both of us! My 'things' are: self-love and esteem (How we accept and love ourselves before anybody else does?) ; Overachieving and fear of being a 'failure' (never feeling enough and always wanting to do more?). I also work with people who experience immigration and cultural adaptation challenges. No matter the personal blockages you're facing, my job is to help you discover that there's POWER behind it. I want to help you reclaim that power and find the spring in you :)
Hey, I know it's a lot to read, so let me make it easy for both of us! My 'things' are: self-love and esteem (How we accept and love ourselves before anybody else does?) ; Overachieving and fear of being a 'failure' (never feeling enough and always wanting to do more?). I also work with people who experience immigration and cultural adaptation challenges. No matter the personal blockages you're facing, my job is to help you discover that there's POWER behind it. I want to help you reclaim that power and find the spring in you :)
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Photo of Benedicte Ronfard, Psychologist in Montréal, QC
Benedicte Ronfard
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H3N
Has life become a chore to you? Does your internal dialogue generate anxiety and stop you from achieving that which you want? Is anger and frustration creating trouble in your relationships? Have you lost pleasure in most activities? I work with people who struggle with anxiety, depression and interpersonal relationships, as well as people who face difficult life challenges, find themselves at a standstill or struggle to find meaning in their life.
Has life become a chore to you? Does your internal dialogue generate anxiety and stop you from achieving that which you want? Is anger and frustration creating trouble in your relationships? Have you lost pleasure in most activities? I work with people who struggle with anxiety, depression and interpersonal relationships, as well as people who face difficult life challenges, find themselves at a standstill or struggle to find meaning in their life.
(514) 613-5670 View (514) 613-5670
Photo of Maxine Silverman, Registered Social Worker in Montréal, QC
Maxine Silverman
Registered Social Worker, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H2X
Welcome to my page - I am licensed clinical social worker here in Montreal. My therapeutic areas of focus include but are not limited to: anxiety and depression, life changes and transitions, family related issues, and boundary setting.
Welcome to my page - I am licensed clinical social worker here in Montreal. My therapeutic areas of focus include but are not limited to: anxiety and depression, life changes and transitions, family related issues, and boundary setting.
(438) 803-6286 View (438) 803-6286
Photo of Marvyn (Lise) Louise Rowell, Registered Psychotherapist in Montréal, QC
Marvyn (Lise) Louise Rowell
Registered Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H2L
Working from Psychodynamic perspective I provide adults and adolescents with a safe and supportive environment in which we address and make sense of real-life experiences that may be contributing to depression, anxiety, addictions, problems with self-esteem and relationships difficulties.
Working from Psychodynamic perspective I provide adults and adolescents with a safe and supportive environment in which we address and make sense of real-life experiences that may be contributing to depression, anxiety, addictions, problems with self-esteem and relationships difficulties.
(438) 794-1057 View (438) 794-1057
Photo of Earlyn Sharpe in Montréal, QC
Earlyn Sharpe
MA, BEd, MHCP, NLPP, ND
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4A
Meet Earlyn Sharpe, M.A., M.Ed, MHCP, NLP, ND - a dedicated and experienced counsellor and coach specializing in holistic mental health and personal development. With a background in psychology and education, combined with certifications in Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP), Natural Medicine (ND), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Rational Emotive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (RECBT) approaches. I offer a unique and comprehensive approach to therapy.
Meet Earlyn Sharpe, M.A., M.Ed, MHCP, NLP, ND - a dedicated and experienced counsellor and coach specializing in holistic mental health and personal development. With a background in psychology and education, combined with certifications in Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP), Natural Medicine (ND), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Rational Emotive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (RECBT) approaches. I offer a unique and comprehensive approach to therapy.
(438) 700-1718 View (438) 700-1718
Photo of Sarah Kennedy Certified Music Therapist in Montréal, QC
Sarah Kennedy Certified Music Therapist
BHScPT, MA, MTA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H2M
Do you struggle with emotional pain and grief that you would like to process through music? I work with adults experiencing grief and loss, bereavement, life transitions, emotional pain, anxiety, depression, and stress. I use music therapy to help my clients increase self-awareness, ease pain, develop self-soothing techniques, and restore well-being. We will harness your natural love of music to create personal transformation. Music Therapy is a certified profession. I completed a masters degree with a focus on music therapy for psychological health, and my approach is trauma-informed.
Do you struggle with emotional pain and grief that you would like to process through music? I work with adults experiencing grief and loss, bereavement, life transitions, emotional pain, anxiety, depression, and stress. I use music therapy to help my clients increase self-awareness, ease pain, develop self-soothing techniques, and restore well-being. We will harness your natural love of music to create personal transformation. Music Therapy is a certified profession. I completed a masters degree with a focus on music therapy for psychological health, and my approach is trauma-informed.
(450) 823-6270 View (450) 823-6270
Photo of Genevieve Gagnon, Psychologist in Montréal, QC
Genevieve Gagnon
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych, OPQ
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H3B
My passion is human cognition. My work is Neuropsychological Diagnosis and Interventions. I use neuropsychological testing to understand how my clients use their memory, their attention, their intellect, etc. In other words, I try to understand how you process information in order to help you better understand yourself. We can also develop strategies to optimize or compensate. My work is based on research and I keep up to date with new interventions. The length of our work may vary, depending on our goals. More info here www.neuro-consults.com
My passion is human cognition. My work is Neuropsychological Diagnosis and Interventions. I use neuropsychological testing to understand how my clients use their memory, their attention, their intellect, etc. In other words, I try to understand how you process information in order to help you better understand yourself. We can also develop strategies to optimize or compensate. My work is based on research and I keep up to date with new interventions. The length of our work may vary, depending on our goals. More info here www.neuro-consults.com
(438) 795-5743 View (438) 795-5743
Photo of Susie Showers, Counsellor in Montréal, QC
Susie Showers
Counsellor, MA, CCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H2J
Your relationships can be an incredible source of pleasure and connection, AND they can be the biggest source of tension and exhaustion. You might feel rigid and uncreative, or be falling into people-pleasing habits. You may feel overwhelming physical sensations of constriction, pain or numbness. You play a vast range of roles in your friendships, romantic & intimate dynamics, and at work. This can be a lot to handle, and you may be masking your authentic self. Creative arts therapy can offer new ways to find playfulness so you can relax into intimacy in your relationships, your body, and fully own the stories that shape you.
Your relationships can be an incredible source of pleasure and connection, AND they can be the biggest source of tension and exhaustion. You might feel rigid and uncreative, or be falling into people-pleasing habits. You may feel overwhelming physical sensations of constriction, pain or numbness. You play a vast range of roles in your friendships, romantic & intimate dynamics, and at work. This can be a lot to handle, and you may be masking your authentic self. Creative arts therapy can offer new ways to find playfulness so you can relax into intimacy in your relationships, your body, and fully own the stories that shape you.
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Photo of Shyam Anandampillai, Registered Psychotherapist in Montréal, QC
Shyam Anandampillai
Registered Psychotherapist, MSc(A), MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H2X  (Online Only)
I believe that psychotherapy in essence is a collaborative process that aims to increase psychological well-being and reduce emotional pain, loneliness and languishing which are ever present in today's world. At the heart of this process, is the positive healing relationship that develops between an individual, a couple or a family, and the therapist. I offer clients a non-judgemental, empathic and queer affirmative space where they learn to identify and tolerate their emotions, articulate appropriately their needs to significant people in their life and work on breaking away from toxic negative cycles.
I believe that psychotherapy in essence is a collaborative process that aims to increase psychological well-being and reduce emotional pain, loneliness and languishing which are ever present in today's world. At the heart of this process, is the positive healing relationship that develops between an individual, a couple or a family, and the therapist. I offer clients a non-judgemental, empathic and queer affirmative space where they learn to identify and tolerate their emotions, articulate appropriately their needs to significant people in their life and work on breaking away from toxic negative cycles.
(438) 255-0905 View (438) 255-0905
Photo of Rachel Toledano, Psychologist in Montréal, QC
Rachel Toledano
Psychologist, PhD, MA, BA
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4A  (Online Only)
"Take the step, the bridge will be there" (Grace Cirocco). Although starting therapy is sometimes frightening and requires a good dose of courage, finding a warm, empathic and compassionate therapist can make the process easier and positively life-altering. I am an experienced psychologist and I can help you deal with many of life's challenges and hardships, while making sure you feel safe and understood. I practice cognitive behavior therapy and schema therapy, and I also adjust my therapeutic orientation to the unique needs of each of my clients. I ensure warm, compassionate, professional, and confidential therapeutic services.
"Take the step, the bridge will be there" (Grace Cirocco). Although starting therapy is sometimes frightening and requires a good dose of courage, finding a warm, empathic and compassionate therapist can make the process easier and positively life-altering. I am an experienced psychologist and I can help you deal with many of life's challenges and hardships, while making sure you feel safe and understood. I practice cognitive behavior therapy and schema therapy, and I also adjust my therapeutic orientation to the unique needs of each of my clients. I ensure warm, compassionate, professional, and confidential therapeutic services.
(855) 661-4560 View (855) 661-4560
Photo of Ronna Schwartz, Registered Psychotherapist in Montréal, QC
Ronna Schwartz
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, OTR
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4C  (Online Only)
I have spent my professional life working with individuals suffering from mental health issues. I am interested in helping to cultivate conditions that promote recovery. The ideal client would want to understand their role in this process and be willing to work collaboratively on a therapeutic plan. I am best reached by email.
I have spent my professional life working with individuals suffering from mental health issues. I am interested in helping to cultivate conditions that promote recovery. The ideal client would want to understand their role in this process and be willing to work collaboratively on a therapeutic plan. I am best reached by email.
(438) 817-3505 View (438) 817-3505
Photo of Sol Engmann, Counsellor in Montréal, QC
Sol Engmann
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H2R
We all struggle sometimes and deserve support. Life can be hard, because of a conflict, transition, separation, loss, or because the world's sick and it's a lot harder for some to survive. It can help to talk, feel supported and heard by someone who can validate and understand our reality. I hope to create an environment full of care, including for queer and trans folks and their loved ones, and everyone living at the intersection of one or several forms of oppression. It's crucial for me to recognize and centre the expertise of each person over their own lived experience.
We all struggle sometimes and deserve support. Life can be hard, because of a conflict, transition, separation, loss, or because the world's sick and it's a lot harder for some to survive. It can help to talk, feel supported and heard by someone who can validate and understand our reality. I hope to create an environment full of care, including for queer and trans folks and their loved ones, and everyone living at the intersection of one or several forms of oppression. It's crucial for me to recognize and centre the expertise of each person over their own lived experience.
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Photo of Erika Guittard Music Therapist in Montréal, QC
Erika Guittard Music Therapist
MTA, MA, PsySoc
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H2R
Waitlist for new clients
Hi all! My name is Erika, I'm a certified Music Therapist, and a social psychologist by training. My purpose is to bring support and guidance to people who struggle with mental health challenges. I mainly work with teens, young adults and adults who are willing to use music, in any of its shapes, to help alleviate their discomfort or pain.
Hi all! My name is Erika, I'm a certified Music Therapist, and a social psychologist by training. My purpose is to bring support and guidance to people who struggle with mental health challenges. I mainly work with teens, young adults and adults who are willing to use music, in any of its shapes, to help alleviate their discomfort or pain.
(438) 834-7723 View (438) 834-7723
Photo of Ornela Kapetani- Drama Therapist, Counsellor in Montréal, QC
Ornela Kapetani- Drama Therapist
Counsellor, MA, RDT
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H2V
Are you stuck in repetitive, unhealthy patterns and feel as if life happens to you? Drama Therapy can provide the tools and context to engage your imagination in telling your story, solve problems, express feelings and achieve insight. Being active in personal healing is transforming and life affirming experience. Through this technique the life journey of an individual/couple/family can be actively explored and interpersonal skills increased. Participants expand and integrate parts of themselves for a more functional self to emerge. Drama therapy's creative flexibility makes it an appropriate intervention for people of all ages.
Are you stuck in repetitive, unhealthy patterns and feel as if life happens to you? Drama Therapy can provide the tools and context to engage your imagination in telling your story, solve problems, express feelings and achieve insight. Being active in personal healing is transforming and life affirming experience. Through this technique the life journey of an individual/couple/family can be actively explored and interpersonal skills increased. Participants expand and integrate parts of themselves for a more functional self to emerge. Drama therapy's creative flexibility makes it an appropriate intervention for people of all ages.
(438) 701-9404 View (438) 701-9404
Photo of Beverly Bonner, Registered Social Worker in Montréal, QC
Beverly Bonner
Registered Social Worker, MSW
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4A
Offering a safe, respectful and caring environment to take on life's challenges: including anxiety, depression, life crisis, developmental and transitional crisis, grief, conflicts in personal or work relationships; parenting, pregnancy and post-natal concerns. With a firm belief in a person's inner wisdom, I work with clients to clearly identify their values and strengths towards reducing anguish and increasing hope. Using an eclectic approach suitable to client personality and individual circumstances, counselling is done in a collaborative, holistic context.
Offering a safe, respectful and caring environment to take on life's challenges: including anxiety, depression, life crisis, developmental and transitional crisis, grief, conflicts in personal or work relationships; parenting, pregnancy and post-natal concerns. With a firm belief in a person's inner wisdom, I work with clients to clearly identify their values and strengths towards reducing anguish and increasing hope. Using an eclectic approach suitable to client personality and individual circumstances, counselling is done in a collaborative, holistic context.
(438) 834-2031 View (438) 834-2031

See more therapy options for Montréal

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Montréal, QC

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Montréal, QC who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
83% Relationship Issues
83% Self Esteem
82% Depression
73% Stress
63% Coping Skills
63% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

57% SunLife
43% Other
43% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Montréal, QC see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Montréal?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.