Therapists in London, ON

Photo of Josolyn Weir, Registered Social Worker in London, ON
Josolyn Weir
Registered Social Worker, MA, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London, ON N6H  (Online Only)
~Loving ourselves through the process of owning our story is the bravest thing we will ever do~- Brené Brown. Life presents us with all types of road blocks, situations and experiences that may have our body and mind reacting in different ways or feelings. Children, adolescents and adults all experience feelings that provide internal and external responses. Coping with the way our mind and body feels through these situations does not have to be done alone. Your goals and feelings are important. You deserve a safe space to process and create intentional coping skills.
~Loving ourselves through the process of owning our story is the bravest thing we will ever do~- Brené Brown. Life presents us with all types of road blocks, situations and experiences that may have our body and mind reacting in different ways or feelings. Children, adolescents and adults all experience feelings that provide internal and external responses. Coping with the way our mind and body feels through these situations does not have to be done alone. Your goals and feelings are important. You deserve a safe space to process and create intentional coping skills.
(226) 270-6544 View (226) 270-6544
Photo of MYACT Group Therapy with Cynthia Galloway , Registered Psychotherapist in London, ON
MYACT Group Therapy with Cynthia Galloway
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, RP, RYT500
Verified Verified
London, ON N6A
Are you wanting to feel better and make permanent changes? Mindful Yoga-based Acceptance & Commitment Therapy helps you to be present with what life brings and to move you toward valued behaviour. Small group sessions are 90 minutes once weekly for 8 weeks. Each session is based around a yogic theme and includes mindfulness meditation, group exercises and discussion, and simple yoga postures. Issues that can be helped with MYACT include stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, peer relationship difficulties, problematic coping strategies.
Are you wanting to feel better and make permanent changes? Mindful Yoga-based Acceptance & Commitment Therapy helps you to be present with what life brings and to move you toward valued behaviour. Small group sessions are 90 minutes once weekly for 8 weeks. Each session is based around a yogic theme and includes mindfulness meditation, group exercises and discussion, and simple yoga postures. Issues that can be helped with MYACT include stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, peer relationship difficulties, problematic coping strategies.
(226) 458-5384 View (226) 458-5384
Photo of Nari Matti, Registered Social Worker in London, ON
Nari Matti
Registered Social Worker, MSW , RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London, ON N6B
Life is a self-discovery process. The journey may not always be smooth; in fact, it’s common to experience roadblocks along the way, only to find that our usual methods for coping stop working. However, with the right support it is possible to feel grounded in yourself again. Therapy can offer you an opportunity to develop greater awareness, self-compassion, and ultimately resiliency in the face of life challenges. In our collaborative work together, you will be supported with developing a deeper understanding of yourself, and with making the changes that you desire to live a more satisfying life.
Life is a self-discovery process. The journey may not always be smooth; in fact, it’s common to experience roadblocks along the way, only to find that our usual methods for coping stop working. However, with the right support it is possible to feel grounded in yourself again. Therapy can offer you an opportunity to develop greater awareness, self-compassion, and ultimately resiliency in the face of life challenges. In our collaborative work together, you will be supported with developing a deeper understanding of yourself, and with making the changes that you desire to live a more satisfying life.
(226) 286-8985 View (226) 286-8985
Photo of Jessica Hope, Registered Social Worker in London, ON
Jessica Hope
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BA, RSW
Verified Verified
London, ON N6H
Now accepting new clients ages 10-30 who are neurodivergent and/or from the 2sLGBTQIA+ community. I'm an ardent believer in the inherent resilience & strength of people, even when they do not see it in themselves. As a queer cis woman with ADHD, I know what it's like to struggle with my own mental health & identity issues, especially during my youth. As such I bring first hand experience, genuine compassion & understanding, as well as considerations of intersecting positions of privilege & oppression to my work.
Now accepting new clients ages 10-30 who are neurodivergent and/or from the 2sLGBTQIA+ community. I'm an ardent believer in the inherent resilience & strength of people, even when they do not see it in themselves. As a queer cis woman with ADHD, I know what it's like to struggle with my own mental health & identity issues, especially during my youth. As such I bring first hand experience, genuine compassion & understanding, as well as considerations of intersecting positions of privilege & oppression to my work.
(226) 741-4451 x207 View (226) 741-4451 x207
Photo of Dan Logie, Registered Social Worker in London, ON
Dan Logie
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London, ON N6C
Experiencing personal difficulties? Struggling in your marriage or relationship? Caught in situations that leave you feeling frustrated, hurt, angry or helpless? I can help you to understand and manage your concerns more effectively. Through our work together, you will be able to resolve specific problems, and develop lasting strategies and techniques that support you to move forward.
Experiencing personal difficulties? Struggling in your marriage or relationship? Caught in situations that leave you feeling frustrated, hurt, angry or helpless? I can help you to understand and manage your concerns more effectively. Through our work together, you will be able to resolve specific problems, and develop lasting strategies and techniques that support you to move forward.
(226) 663-5835 View (226) 663-5835
Photo of Helen J Butlin, Registered Psychotherapist in London, ON
Helen J Butlin
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD
Verified Verified
London, ON N6B
Not accepting new clients
I am accepting new clients right now and when everything falls apart, or how you've coped before isn't working any more, it is time for a different approach. Sessions focus on (re)discovering the strengths you may not feel you have, learning mindful self-compassion practices to support yourself more kindly, discern what wisdom means for you and how to access your practical wisdom for living your life and finding a way through, no matter what you are facing. Symptoms such as anxiety, depression, burnout, stress can be the catalysts for changing your thinking, behaviours and patterns to discover new ways to live your life.
I am accepting new clients right now and when everything falls apart, or how you've coped before isn't working any more, it is time for a different approach. Sessions focus on (re)discovering the strengths you may not feel you have, learning mindful self-compassion practices to support yourself more kindly, discern what wisdom means for you and how to access your practical wisdom for living your life and finding a way through, no matter what you are facing. Symptoms such as anxiety, depression, burnout, stress can be the catalysts for changing your thinking, behaviours and patterns to discover new ways to live your life.
(226) 243-4528 View (226) 243-4528
Photo of Christina deBoer Counselling, Registered Psychotherapist in London, ON
Christina deBoer Counselling
Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, RP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
London, ON N6E  (Online Only)
I am honoured to work with you on your journey to find healing, resolution, and strength in those places we get stuck sometimes. I specialize in helping individuals, with past trauma (abuse, PTSD), relationship issues (parenting, couples), mental health (stress, anxiety, depression, etc), and life transitions. I specialize in tailoring counselling to meet you where you're at.
I am honoured to work with you on your journey to find healing, resolution, and strength in those places we get stuck sometimes. I specialize in helping individuals, with past trauma (abuse, PTSD), relationship issues (parenting, couples), mental health (stress, anxiety, depression, etc), and life transitions. I specialize in tailoring counselling to meet you where you're at.
(226) 605-6550 View (226) 605-6550
Photo of Kayla LeBlanc, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in London, ON
Kayla LeBlanc
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
London, ON N6A
Are you ready to understand yourself and your patterns better? Do you want to learn how to respond to life's challenges in way that feels more aligned with who you WANT to be? I work with individuals experiencing increased anxiety, overwhelming stress, low mood, work burnout, negative body image, frustrating family dynamics or relationship issues getting in the way of living your life fully.
Are you ready to understand yourself and your patterns better? Do you want to learn how to respond to life's challenges in way that feels more aligned with who you WANT to be? I work with individuals experiencing increased anxiety, overwhelming stress, low mood, work burnout, negative body image, frustrating family dynamics or relationship issues getting in the way of living your life fully.
(226) 781-6859 View (226) 781-6859
Photo of Achlaï Ernest Wallace, Registered Psychotherapist in London, ON
Achlaï Ernest Wallace
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
London, ON N6B
Do you feel alone in your relationship or exhausted by life's constant demands? Do you feel like your relationship is in shambles? Do you feel desperate to be understood by your significant other? Sometimes it feels like all you do in your relationship is argue and fight. And you don't like the person you and your partner are becoming. Change IS possible and there IS a way forward. Peace of mind, peace in the home & restoration can be goals we will work on together, with a clear plan, toward hope and true harmony.
Do you feel alone in your relationship or exhausted by life's constant demands? Do you feel like your relationship is in shambles? Do you feel desperate to be understood by your significant other? Sometimes it feels like all you do in your relationship is argue and fight. And you don't like the person you and your partner are becoming. Change IS possible and there IS a way forward. Peace of mind, peace in the home & restoration can be goals we will work on together, with a clear plan, toward hope and true harmony.
(548) 484-5740 View (548) 484-5740
Photo of Hilary Lupton, Registered Social Worker in London, ON
Hilary Lupton
Registered Social Worker, MSW , RSW , BA
Verified Verified
London, ON N6P  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! I am currently accepting new clients! I am a Registered Social Worker who uses a private and secure platform for our video sessions. I offer slide-scale(s). Finding the right therapist can we very rewarding and one who understands your life's struggles and appreciates your life story! You are uniquely you and as such, I provide a person-centred therapy session on topics that matter to you. I deeply enjoy working with individuals who face depression, anxiety, body-image or self-esteem challenges. As well, I enjoy working with individuals and couples on transitions, parenting, loss or post separation/divorce.
Hello and welcome! I am currently accepting new clients! I am a Registered Social Worker who uses a private and secure platform for our video sessions. I offer slide-scale(s). Finding the right therapist can we very rewarding and one who understands your life's struggles and appreciates your life story! You are uniquely you and as such, I provide a person-centred therapy session on topics that matter to you. I deeply enjoy working with individuals who face depression, anxiety, body-image or self-esteem challenges. As well, I enjoy working with individuals and couples on transitions, parenting, loss or post separation/divorce.
(226) 702-4856 View (226) 702-4856
Photo of Jared French, Psychologist in London, ON
Jared French
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
London, ON N6C
***Now Offering Telepsychology Services for Individual Therapy via Phone or Secure Online Video***. Hello, I'm Dr. Jared French. I am a Registered Psychologist who provides individual and group psychotherapy to adults (18+) to address a range of mental health concerns and everyday life challenges. When working with clients I privilege people’s strengths in defining the problem(s), setting goals, and working towards solutions, growth, and change.
***Now Offering Telepsychology Services for Individual Therapy via Phone or Secure Online Video***. Hello, I'm Dr. Jared French. I am a Registered Psychologist who provides individual and group psychotherapy to adults (18+) to address a range of mental health concerns and everyday life challenges. When working with clients I privilege people’s strengths in defining the problem(s), setting goals, and working towards solutions, growth, and change.
(226) 270-7251 View (226) 270-7251
Photo of Sarah Hunt, Registered Social Worker in London, ON
Sarah Hunt
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
London, ON N6K  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to wake up tomorrow feeling like you have your life back? Has trauma, anxiety, or depression taken so much from you? There is hope! For 15 years I have been supporting people on their healing journeys and helping them take back their lives from everything that has hurt them. As a therapist I love being able to witness relief and healing first hand. If you are looking for healing from all kinds of traumatic experiences such as abuse, accidents, war, rape, sexual assault, complicated grief; trauma from work, I can help. If you are looking for relief from anxiety and depression, I can help!
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to wake up tomorrow feeling like you have your life back? Has trauma, anxiety, or depression taken so much from you? There is hope! For 15 years I have been supporting people on their healing journeys and helping them take back their lives from everything that has hurt them. As a therapist I love being able to witness relief and healing first hand. If you are looking for healing from all kinds of traumatic experiences such as abuse, accidents, war, rape, sexual assault, complicated grief; trauma from work, I can help. If you are looking for relief from anxiety and depression, I can help!
(226) 457-6945 View (226) 457-6945
Photo of Kids Zen, Registered Social Worker in London, ON
Kids Zen
Registered Social Worker, MSW RSW
Verified Verified
London, ON N6E
We are registered Social Workers with community and hospital experience working with children and families. We are here to support your child and family with mental health and behavioural challenges through counselling support.
We are registered Social Workers with community and hospital experience working with children and families. We are here to support your child and family with mental health and behavioural challenges through counselling support.
(226) 212-5252 View (226) 212-5252
Photo of Ontario Trauma Therapy - Natalie McLachlan, Registered Social Worker in London, ON
Ontario Trauma Therapy - Natalie McLachlan
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
London, ON N6B
Negative events or stressful experiences can interfere with how you are feeling about yourself and your relationships with others. When your mood feels up and down and you are under deep stress, it is hard to see a way out. When your past troubles you and impacts your present (and you fear the future) it can be devastating. You want to feel better, lighter, and like you've moved "past your past". You want a full life that feels easier than the one you're living. You want to be a better parent, partner, friend and family member. I completely understand, and I can help.
Negative events or stressful experiences can interfere with how you are feeling about yourself and your relationships with others. When your mood feels up and down and you are under deep stress, it is hard to see a way out. When your past troubles you and impacts your present (and you fear the future) it can be devastating. You want to feel better, lighter, and like you've moved "past your past". You want a full life that feels easier than the one you're living. You want to be a better parent, partner, friend and family member. I completely understand, and I can help.
(226) 455-3172 View (226) 455-3172
Photo of Bryan Fee, Registered Social Worker in London, ON
Bryan Fee
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
London, ON N6A
I specialize helping those struggling with anxiety, mood disorders, and substance use concerns using trauma-informed treatment. My foundation views all people as being made up of mind, body, and spirit. We all share common pains in life, such as caregiver failures and events that have occurred beyond our control. These experiences change us and can form belief systems that perpetuate a limited perspective on who we can become. People are basically good and no person is "bad", but life traumas shape us into the false self (ego) which we then identify with; finding your true self allows for more authenticity and freedom.
I specialize helping those struggling with anxiety, mood disorders, and substance use concerns using trauma-informed treatment. My foundation views all people as being made up of mind, body, and spirit. We all share common pains in life, such as caregiver failures and events that have occurred beyond our control. These experiences change us and can form belief systems that perpetuate a limited perspective on who we can become. People are basically good and no person is "bad", but life traumas shape us into the false self (ego) which we then identify with; finding your true self allows for more authenticity and freedom.
(226) 641-0742 View (226) 641-0742
Photo of Sydney Bota, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in London, ON
Sydney Bota
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RPQ
Verified Verified
London, ON N6G  (Online Only)
Hi there. My name is Sydney and I’m happy you’re here. Have you been struggling and feeling overwhelmed? Do you want to learn how to more compassionately understand yourself, to identify the source of your challenges, and work together to find effective ways to reduce your distress so that you can live your life in a way that aligns with your values and goals? If so, I would be honoured to accompany you on the journey. I provide virtual (on-line or phone) therapy in the comfort and privacy of your own home.
Hi there. My name is Sydney and I’m happy you’re here. Have you been struggling and feeling overwhelmed? Do you want to learn how to more compassionately understand yourself, to identify the source of your challenges, and work together to find effective ways to reduce your distress so that you can live your life in a way that aligns with your values and goals? If so, I would be honoured to accompany you on the journey. I provide virtual (on-line or phone) therapy in the comfort and privacy of your own home.
(548) 888-1067 View (548) 888-1067
Photo of Nick Clark, Registered Psychotherapist in London, ON
Nick Clark
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MC, CCC
Verified Verified
London, ON N6B
ReVision Counselling & Consulting seeks to provide counselling and therapy services to those individuals who have recognized the need for help or who desire change in their life. They may have teenagers who they know are in crisis but they cannot reach. They may need help to reconnect with their partner and create the kind of relationship that can withstand the stressors of this world. They may need to process trauma or difficulty in order to live their best life. In short, they have a vision for what life could be and know they need help to get there.
ReVision Counselling & Consulting seeks to provide counselling and therapy services to those individuals who have recognized the need for help or who desire change in their life. They may have teenagers who they know are in crisis but they cannot reach. They may need help to reconnect with their partner and create the kind of relationship that can withstand the stressors of this world. They may need to process trauma or difficulty in order to live their best life. In short, they have a vision for what life could be and know they need help to get there.
(226) 286-4034 View (226) 286-4034
Photo of Martha Elliott, Registered Social Worker in London, ON
Martha Elliott
Registered Social Worker, MA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London, ON N6B  (Online Only)
am a Registered Social Worker through the Ontario College of Social Work offering online psychotherapy services to adolescents and adults 13 years and older. I am experienced in working with youth and young adults struggling with emotional dysregulation, self-harm and suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety, self-criticism, grief and loss, and relationship difficulties. My therapeutic approach includes Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Mindful Self-Compassion, Polyvagal Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and is informed by a feminist, anti-oppressive, and LGBTQA+ affirming theories.
am a Registered Social Worker through the Ontario College of Social Work offering online psychotherapy services to adolescents and adults 13 years and older. I am experienced in working with youth and young adults struggling with emotional dysregulation, self-harm and suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety, self-criticism, grief and loss, and relationship difficulties. My therapeutic approach includes Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Mindful Self-Compassion, Polyvagal Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and is informed by a feminist, anti-oppressive, and LGBTQA+ affirming theories.
(226) 242-0752 View (226) 242-0752
Photo of May Al-Fartousi, Registered Psychotherapist in London, ON
May Al-Fartousi
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, MA, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London, ON N5V  (Online Only)
Accepting clients. Certified Trauma Integration Clinician (CTIC); Informed-IFS. Trauma reactions are overwhelming, however, the human mind is capable of overcoming all the hardships that life throws at us. I'm here to help with your needs and am committed to being part of your support system.
Accepting clients. Certified Trauma Integration Clinician (CTIC); Informed-IFS. Trauma reactions are overwhelming, however, the human mind is capable of overcoming all the hardships that life throws at us. I'm here to help with your needs and am committed to being part of your support system.
(226) 778-2799 View (226) 778-2799
Photo of Counselling Services of London - Natasha Minor, Registered Psychotherapist in London, ON
Counselling Services of London - Natasha Minor
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, CCC, RP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
London, ON N6B
Even though your life looks good from the outside, something just doesn’t feel right. No matter how much you accomplish, you continue to feel guilty, small and like you’re not enough. When you think about it, you probably don't even know who "you" are or what you enjoy anymore. Maybe you never really did know. It may feel as though stress has taken over your life. Work is no longer fulfilling, your home life & relationships are suffering and you feel defeated at the end of the day. All of this leaves you feeling overwhelmed, down and confused, and you're not sure how to move forward.
Even though your life looks good from the outside, something just doesn’t feel right. No matter how much you accomplish, you continue to feel guilty, small and like you’re not enough. When you think about it, you probably don't even know who "you" are or what you enjoy anymore. Maybe you never really did know. It may feel as though stress has taken over your life. Work is no longer fulfilling, your home life & relationships are suffering and you feel defeated at the end of the day. All of this leaves you feeling overwhelmed, down and confused, and you're not sure how to move forward.
(226) 270-1242 View (226) 270-1242

See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London, ON

800+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in London, ON who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Self Esteem
81% Stress
80% Relationship Issues
77% Coping Skills
70% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Green Shield Canada
52% SunLife
51% Manulife

How Counsellors in London, ON see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
17% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.