Therapists in R7N

Photo of Jeynna Siurko - Sage Solace Counselling & Wellness, Counsellor, MA, CCC
Sage Solace Counselling & Wellness
Counsellor, MA, CCC
1 Endorsed
Dauphin, MB R7N
I am here to offer support and compassion as we begin the journey in exploring some of your biggest struggles in life. I can help with issues pertaining to anxiety, depression, trauma, OCD, self-worth, and more. I utilize a diverse array of therapeutic modalities dependent on the clients needs and goals.
I am here to offer support and compassion as we begin the journey in exploring some of your biggest struggles in life. I can help with issues pertaining to anxiety, depression, trauma, OCD, self-worth, and more. I utilize a diverse array of therapeutic modalities dependent on the clients needs and goals.
(431) 533-9659 View (431) 533-9659
Photo of Robyne D Frederiksen - Robyne D Counselling, Pre-Licensed Professional
Robyne D Counselling
Pre-Licensed Professional
2 Endorsed
Dauphin, MB R7N
It takes courage to begin the journey of healing life's hurts. I am passionate about an individual's need to be heard and seen when struggling with daily stresses and frustrations. They can leave us with feelings of loneliness, anger, despair, grief, hopelessness, and shame sometimes resulting in anxiety and depression. Let's take that next first step of healing together. I invite you into a safe, supportive, and caring space to begin your healing. Pre-marriage counselling is offered using the Prepare Enrich assessment as a tool to enhance discussions on the foundations of a healthy marriage.
It takes courage to begin the journey of healing life's hurts. I am passionate about an individual's need to be heard and seen when struggling with daily stresses and frustrations. They can leave us with feelings of loneliness, anger, despair, grief, hopelessness, and shame sometimes resulting in anxiety and depression. Let's take that next first step of healing together. I invite you into a safe, supportive, and caring space to begin your healing. Pre-marriage counselling is offered using the Prepare Enrich assessment as a tool to enhance discussions on the foundations of a healthy marriage.
(204) 400-3052 View (204) 400-3052
Photo of Aaron Bull, Counsellor, MARD, BSc
Aaron Bull
Counsellor, MARD, BSc
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
The journey of life is often unpredictable full of twists and turns. I can help you build on your strengths, and support you in setting a path forward. Through support, we can grow, explore, and flourish. I look forward to helping you overcome the obstacles that may stand in your way and achieve the goals that you have been striving for.
The journey of life is often unpredictable full of twists and turns. I can help you build on your strengths, and support you in setting a path forward. Through support, we can grow, explore, and flourish. I look forward to helping you overcome the obstacles that may stand in your way and achieve the goals that you have been striving for.
(204) 761-3735 View (204) 761-3735
Photo of Ashley Collier - Wildflower Counselling with Ashley Collier, Counsellor, BHSc, MC, CCC
Wildflower Counselling with Ashley Collier
Counsellor, BHSc, MC, CCC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you are seeking connection, awareness, growth, emotional regulation, and trauma healing, you have landed in the right place. I am currently accepting clients who are looking to work on coping with stress and anxiety, strengthening relationships, improving their sense of self-worth, and improve their overall wellness. In session, you can expect a safe, warm environment that helps you feel empowered and validated while finding the tools necessary for coping, healing, and growth.
If you are seeking connection, awareness, growth, emotional regulation, and trauma healing, you have landed in the right place. I am currently accepting clients who are looking to work on coping with stress and anxiety, strengthening relationships, improving their sense of self-worth, and improve their overall wellness. In session, you can expect a safe, warm environment that helps you feel empowered and validated while finding the tools necessary for coping, healing, and growth.
(204) 721-2177 View (204) 721-2177
Dr. Darichuk Psychology, Counselling and Wellness
Psychologist, CPsych
Serves Area
I am a Doctor of Psychology, with over 30 years of experience in treating children, adolescents and adults. Unlike counselors, psychologists in Manitoba need a Doctorate degree and are recognized as meeting the highest standard of education, training and standards of practice. As a clinical psychologist I am able to assess mental health concerns, diagnose and provide a level of treatment that goes above and beyond talking about your concerns to addressing them at their core for lasting change. Please visit my website at www.drdarichuk.com to learn more about my practice.
I am a Doctor of Psychology, with over 30 years of experience in treating children, adolescents and adults. Unlike counselors, psychologists in Manitoba need a Doctorate degree and are recognized as meeting the highest standard of education, training and standards of practice. As a clinical psychologist I am able to assess mental health concerns, diagnose and provide a level of treatment that goes above and beyond talking about your concerns to addressing them at their core for lasting change. Please visit my website at www.drdarichuk.com to learn more about my practice.
(204) 725-4174 View (204) 725-4174
Photo of Breanne Goraluk, Psychiatric Nurse, BScPN
Breanne Goraluk
Psychiatric Nurse, BScPN
Serves Area
Life has a way of throwing us curve balls- often when we least expect it. These transitions can be challenging to work through. My hope is for you to feel safe to be your authentic self and feel supported. We will work on having self compassion and be present with your emotions. Then we can work together to process these emotions.
Life has a way of throwing us curve balls- often when we least expect it. These transitions can be challenging to work through. My hope is for you to feel safe to be your authentic self and feel supported. We will work on having self compassion and be present with your emotions. Then we can work together to process these emotions.
(204) 817-0943 View (204) 817-0943
Photo of Amanda Dewar - Strength Counselling Services, Counsellor, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP
Strength Counselling Services
Counsellor, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
(431) 430-4075 View (431) 430-4075
Photo of Deanna Lutzek - Flourish Counseling , Counsellor, BA, MA, CCC
Flourish Counseling
Counsellor, BA, MA, CCC
Online Only
Welcome to Flourish Counseling! My name is Deanna and I offer online tele-mental health counseling services for people of all ages, ethnicities and orientations who are experiencing trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, relationship stressors, phobias and those learning to love themselves again. So many different factors can affect a person’s ability to be in good mental, spiritual and physical health. I specifically utilize the EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) and Solution Focused Brief Therapy to give my clients the tools they need to take on their future with confidence.
Welcome to Flourish Counseling! My name is Deanna and I offer online tele-mental health counseling services for people of all ages, ethnicities and orientations who are experiencing trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, relationship stressors, phobias and those learning to love themselves again. So many different factors can affect a person’s ability to be in good mental, spiritual and physical health. I specifically utilize the EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) and Solution Focused Brief Therapy to give my clients the tools they need to take on their future with confidence.
(431) 430-3152 View (431) 430-3152
Photo of Shannon Davison, Counsellor, B Ed, M Ed, CCC
Shannon Davison
Counsellor, B Ed, M Ed, CCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you fed up feeling the way you do? Have anxiety, depression, burnout, grief or PTSD impacted the quality of your life to the point that you need to make some changes? Maybe you need help learning how to harness your ADHD superpowers, instead of feeling like it’s working against you. Regardless of what you are dealing with, life doesn’t need to be a slog. You have the potential to live a fulfilling life, growing as you learn about yourself and your needs. A chance to develop more self-awareness and learn new skills to free yourself is just around the corner.
Are you fed up feeling the way you do? Have anxiety, depression, burnout, grief or PTSD impacted the quality of your life to the point that you need to make some changes? Maybe you need help learning how to harness your ADHD superpowers, instead of feeling like it’s working against you. Regardless of what you are dealing with, life doesn’t need to be a slog. You have the potential to live a fulfilling life, growing as you learn about yourself and your needs. A chance to develop more self-awareness and learn new skills to free yourself is just around the corner.
(431) 341-5892 View (431) 341-5892

Online Therapists

Photo of Monija Spago - Mindful Milestones Psychotherapy, Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CCC
Mindful Milestones Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CCC
1 Endorsed
Brandon, MB R7A
Mindful Milestones Psychotherapy is the leading trauma-informed clinic in the heart of Brandon, MB. We support clients with anxiety, depression, overwhelm, anger, emotional and behavioural challenges, self-esteem, bullying, people-pleasing, boundaries, infidelity, intimacy, communication, betrayal, ADHD, BPD, PTSD, CPTSD, OCD, ODD, neurodivergency, and LGBTQIA2S+ challenges. Our mission is to provide a safe and empathetic space where individuals, children, couples, and families can explore their inner landscapes, discover the root of their issues, overcome challenges, and embark on a journey of positive change and growth.
Mindful Milestones Psychotherapy is the leading trauma-informed clinic in the heart of Brandon, MB. We support clients with anxiety, depression, overwhelm, anger, emotional and behavioural challenges, self-esteem, bullying, people-pleasing, boundaries, infidelity, intimacy, communication, betrayal, ADHD, BPD, PTSD, CPTSD, OCD, ODD, neurodivergency, and LGBTQIA2S+ challenges. Our mission is to provide a safe and empathetic space where individuals, children, couples, and families can explore their inner landscapes, discover the root of their issues, overcome challenges, and embark on a journey of positive change and growth.
(431) 640-6710 View (431) 640-6710
Photo of Sara L. Haynes, Registered Marriage and Family Therapist, MA, CCC
Sara L. Haynes
Registered Marriage and Family Therapist, MA, CCC
1 Endorsed
Brandon, MB R7A
Life has many ups and downs that can leave us stressed, anxious, and overwhelmed. Having someone on your side to provide support, empathy, and guidance can make all the difference. I am here to walk with you on your journey to find your best authentic you. I know you have strengths that you don't always see or feel. Let me help you find your inner strength and learn new skills to better serve you and your loved ones. I work with persons of all genders, sexual orientations, cultures, ages, and backgrounds.
Life has many ups and downs that can leave us stressed, anxious, and overwhelmed. Having someone on your side to provide support, empathy, and guidance can make all the difference. I am here to walk with you on your journey to find your best authentic you. I know you have strengths that you don't always see or feel. Let me help you find your inner strength and learn new skills to better serve you and your loved ones. I work with persons of all genders, sexual orientations, cultures, ages, and backgrounds.
(204) 817-5685 View (204) 817-5685
Photo of Bailey Gilmore, Counsellor, BA hons, MACP, CCC
Bailey Gilmore
Counsellor, BA hons, MACP, CCC
5 Endorsed
Brandon, MB R7A
Feeling overwhelmed or burnt out? Struggling with intense emotions (anger, sadness, anxiety, etc.) or a lack of motivation? Maybe you're facing a life transition or challenges in one (or some) of your relationships (familial, romantic, professional, etc.). If any of this resonates with you, I am here to help. Together, we can find calm amidst the chaos, create space for you to express yourself authentically, and focus on your personal goals and needs.
Feeling overwhelmed or burnt out? Struggling with intense emotions (anger, sadness, anxiety, etc.) or a lack of motivation? Maybe you're facing a life transition or challenges in one (or some) of your relationships (familial, romantic, professional, etc.). If any of this resonates with you, I am here to help. Together, we can find calm amidst the chaos, create space for you to express yourself authentically, and focus on your personal goals and needs.
(431) 244-7498 View (431) 244-7498
Photo of Tianna Baron - Tianna Baron | Counselling Youth & Young Adults, Registered Social Worker, RSW
Tianna Baron | Counselling Youth & Young Adults
Registered Social Worker, RSW
Brandon, MB R7A
Accepting New Clients! In Person & Online Sessions - I am passionate about helping individuals aged 5-25 who struggle with anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem. Maybe you’re carrying the weight of trauma, struggling with anger, grief, or navigating tricky friendships and family issues, including the impact of the experiences as a foster child. For kids struggling with anger, grief, or tricky friendship & family issues, it can feel as though joy in childhood is lost. Similarly, as a young adult who lacked support as a child and recognize how this could have an impact on your future, now is the time to reach out for support.
Accepting New Clients! In Person & Online Sessions - I am passionate about helping individuals aged 5-25 who struggle with anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem. Maybe you’re carrying the weight of trauma, struggling with anger, grief, or navigating tricky friendships and family issues, including the impact of the experiences as a foster child. For kids struggling with anger, grief, or tricky friendship & family issues, it can feel as though joy in childhood is lost. Similarly, as a young adult who lacked support as a child and recognize how this could have an impact on your future, now is the time to reach out for support.
(548) 708-7261 View (548) 708-7261
Photo of Dana Corr, Counsellor, MEd, RCAT, CCC
Dana Corr
Counsellor, MEd, RCAT, CCC
Birtle, MB R0M
You've been considering therapy, but aren't so sure it can really help. Or maybe you've tried therapy before, and you've talked your way around your issues more times than you can count with little relief. The intensity of emotions has been all consuming. Feelings of depression, anxiety, anger, fear are derailing daily life, and being able to show up any other way feels hopeless. You are yearning for change, ready to try something different to help you really move through those past experiences and change those trauma patterns. Whether you are wanting support for yourself or your child, I can help.
You've been considering therapy, but aren't so sure it can really help. Or maybe you've tried therapy before, and you've talked your way around your issues more times than you can count with little relief. The intensity of emotions has been all consuming. Feelings of depression, anxiety, anger, fear are derailing daily life, and being able to show up any other way feels hopeless. You are yearning for change, ready to try something different to help you really move through those past experiences and change those trauma patterns. Whether you are wanting support for yourself or your child, I can help.
(204) 809-0916 View (204) 809-0916
Photo of Kristen Thomas, Counsellor, BA, MACP
Kristen Thomas
Counsellor, BA, MACP
2 Endorsed
Brandon, MB R7B
I firmly believe that you are your own expert, and by working together, we can begin to make the changes that you want in a way which is supportive to you. I offer warm, judgement-free, empathic support which will happily meet you where you are.
I firmly believe that you are your own expert, and by working together, we can begin to make the changes that you want in a way which is supportive to you. I offer warm, judgement-free, empathic support which will happily meet you where you are.
(204) 809-4404 View (204) 809-4404
Photo of Megan Kosolowsky, Registered Social Worker, BSW, RSW
Megan Kosolowsky
Registered Social Worker, BSW, RSW
Swan River, MB R0L
Throughout my career, I’ve supported individuals who have experienced anxiety, depression, postpartum challenges, relationship difficulties, suicidal ideation, neurodivergence, and crisis situations. I have experience working with a wide range of clients, including children in care, adults living with mental health diagnoses, individuals facing on-going medical needs, palliative care clients, and seniors navigating aging and dementia
Throughout my career, I’ve supported individuals who have experienced anxiety, depression, postpartum challenges, relationship difficulties, suicidal ideation, neurodivergence, and crisis situations. I have experience working with a wide range of clients, including children in care, adults living with mental health diagnoses, individuals facing on-going medical needs, palliative care clients, and seniors navigating aging and dementia
(204) 808-1503 View (204) 808-1503
Photo of Lindsay Ruddick, Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Lindsay Ruddick
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Brandon, MB R7A
Start the New Year with taking this powerful step for yourself and your family. I believe connections are the most important part of the human experience. Connections with the self, with others, with nature – all connections are crucial to wellness. It is from this perspective that I approach therapeutic practice. Influenced by attachment theory and postmodern approaches, I work primarily with collaborative and solution-focused methodologies. In summary, this means that I see you as the expert in your life, and myself as a skilled conversational partner who can help you to shift perspectives and reach your unique goals.
Start the New Year with taking this powerful step for yourself and your family. I believe connections are the most important part of the human experience. Connections with the self, with others, with nature – all connections are crucial to wellness. It is from this perspective that I approach therapeutic practice. Influenced by attachment theory and postmodern approaches, I work primarily with collaborative and solution-focused methodologies. In summary, this means that I see you as the expert in your life, and myself as a skilled conversational partner who can help you to shift perspectives and reach your unique goals.
(204) 573-6039 View (204) 573-6039
Photo of Deandra Dey Tousignant, Counsellor, M Ed, CCC
Deandra Dey Tousignant
Counsellor, M Ed, CCC
Erickson, MB R0J
When it comes to personal growth I believe that we all have the capacity to feel whole and lead fulfilling lives despite the struggles we experience. In fact, I believe we can grow to accept our life experiences and challenges as opportunities to recognize and refine our unique strengths. I support individuals looking to develop more self-awareness, heal trauma, incorporate healthier coping habits, and gain more connection with their life.
When it comes to personal growth I believe that we all have the capacity to feel whole and lead fulfilling lives despite the struggles we experience. In fact, I believe we can grow to accept our life experiences and challenges as opportunities to recognize and refine our unique strengths. I support individuals looking to develop more self-awareness, heal trauma, incorporate healthier coping habits, and gain more connection with their life.
(431) 244-1211 View (431) 244-1211
Photo of Dana Corr - Valley Art Therapy Ltd, Counsellor
Valley Art Therapy Ltd
Counsellor
1 Endorsed
Birtle, MB R0M
If only things didn't feel so overwhelming! If only the intensity of those feelings, anxiety, depression, fear, anger, grief... would let up for just a moment so you could just catch your breath. If only the demands of day to day life didn't trigger those old trauma patterns that no longer serve you. You long to feel a sense of calm, to put those difficult thoughts and memories to rest; for your kids to feel more settled, happy, and resilient; for your family to be filled with peace. You are ready for positive change, even relief - for you, your kids, and your family.
If only things didn't feel so overwhelming! If only the intensity of those feelings, anxiety, depression, fear, anger, grief... would let up for just a moment so you could just catch your breath. If only the demands of day to day life didn't trigger those old trauma patterns that no longer serve you. You long to feel a sense of calm, to put those difficult thoughts and memories to rest; for your kids to feel more settled, happy, and resilient; for your family to be filled with peace. You are ready for positive change, even relief - for you, your kids, and your family.
(431) 445-6949 View (431) 445-6949
Photo of Patricia Mashinter, Counsellor, BSc BEd, MEd, CCC
Patricia Mashinter
Counsellor, BSc BEd, MEd, CCC
Brandon, MB R7B
Patricia offers couples and individual therapy sessions. She is dedicated to fostering deeper connections and guiding couples towards harmony. With a heartfelt passion for alleviating anxiety and depression, she offers a nurturing space for individuals and partners alike to navigate life's complexities. Tailoring her approach with sensitivity and evidence-based practices, she creates an environment of trust, fostering positive change and growth. Embracing new clients with open arms, she invites you to embark on a journey towards a happier, more connected tomorrow. Contact us today to begin your path to transformation and renewal.
Patricia offers couples and individual therapy sessions. She is dedicated to fostering deeper connections and guiding couples towards harmony. With a heartfelt passion for alleviating anxiety and depression, she offers a nurturing space for individuals and partners alike to navigate life's complexities. Tailoring her approach with sensitivity and evidence-based practices, she creates an environment of trust, fostering positive change and growth. Embracing new clients with open arms, she invites you to embark on a journey towards a happier, more connected tomorrow. Contact us today to begin your path to transformation and renewal.
(204) 818-2937 View (204) 818-2937

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in R7N

< 10

Counsellors in R7N who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Stress
89% Depression
89% Coping Skills
89% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

3 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Blue Cross
100% SunLife
50% Manulife

How Counsellors in R7N see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in R7N?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.