Psychodynamic Therapists in M4C

Photo of Carey Lawford, Registered Social Worker in M4C, ON
Carey Lawford
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C
My approach is integrative and evidence informed, drawing primarily from a psychodynamic and relational framework.
I am a Registered Social Worker (RSW) with over a decade of experience providing assessment and psychotherapeutic services. I have a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) from the University of Manitoba and a Master of Social Work from the University of Toronto (MSW). In addition to my independent practice, I have a clinical role at a large mental health teaching hospital. I hold Adjunct Lecturer Status in the Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work at the University of Toronto. My practice is an affirming space for diverse communities, including gender and sexually diverse (LGBTQ) clients and allies.
My approach is integrative and evidence informed, drawing primarily from a psychodynamic and relational framework.
I am a Registered Social Worker (RSW) with over a decade of experience providing assessment and psychotherapeutic services. I have a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) from the University of Manitoba and a Master of Social Work from the University of Toronto (MSW). In addition to my independent practice, I have a clinical role at a large mental health teaching hospital. I hold Adjunct Lecturer Status in the Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work at the University of Toronto. My practice is an affirming space for diverse communities, including gender and sexually diverse (LGBTQ) clients and allies.
(647) 696-5198 View (647) 696-5198
Photo of Andrea Leigh Girvan, Registered Social Worker in M4C, ON
Andrea Leigh Girvan
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C  (Online Only)
Though I treat all ages, my clinical focus is on children, adolescents, and families. I have over 10 years of experience providing sound, evidenced based treatment to young adults, children, adolescents, teens and families. I offer brief models of therapy such as solution focused therapy & CBT. I also have extensive experience using psychodynamic approaches. I believe strongly in providing client centered care and welcome feedback. Please visit my website at www.andreagirvanmsw.org
Though I treat all ages, my clinical focus is on children, adolescents, and families. I have over 10 years of experience providing sound, evidenced based treatment to young adults, children, adolescents, teens and families. I offer brief models of therapy such as solution focused therapy & CBT. I also have extensive experience using psychodynamic approaches. I believe strongly in providing client centered care and welcome feedback. Please visit my website at www.andreagirvanmsw.org
(647) 697-7822 View (647) 697-7822
Photo of Liz Dean, Registered Social Worker in M4C, ON
Liz Dean
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C  (Online Only)
I have extensive training and work with techniques proven to help including: Adult Attachment, Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT), Psychodynamic approaches, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and Mindfulness skills.
Feeling alone and stuck? Sometimes we find ourselves disconnected, insecure, anxious, angry, sad and exhausted - at ourselves, the world, our family and friends. We don't know what to do about it and it can make us feel utterly alone. I would embrace the opportunity to support you to find a path forward and move more easily and authentically through life. My speciality is working with people with self-criticism, or low self esteem (often attachment related) - which present as loneliness anxiety, depression, ADHD, emotional dysregulation and struggles in relationships and life transitions (jobs, relationships, new stages of life).
I have extensive training and work with techniques proven to help including: Adult Attachment, Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT), Psychodynamic approaches, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and Mindfulness skills.
Feeling alone and stuck? Sometimes we find ourselves disconnected, insecure, anxious, angry, sad and exhausted - at ourselves, the world, our family and friends. We don't know what to do about it and it can make us feel utterly alone. I would embrace the opportunity to support you to find a path forward and move more easily and authentically through life. My speciality is working with people with self-criticism, or low self esteem (often attachment related) - which present as loneliness anxiety, depression, ADHD, emotional dysregulation and struggles in relationships and life transitions (jobs, relationships, new stages of life).
(647) 250-9784 View (647) 250-9784
Photo of Ruti Ingerman, Registered Social Worker in M4C, ON
Ruti Ingerman
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C
My apporach is integrative and includes: Psychodynamic, internal family systems, solution focused, narrative and dialectical behaviour therapies, as well as emotion focused skills training and collaborative problem solving; all within trauma and attachment informed practice.
I've been a therapist for over 15 years, working with adults, caregivers, youth and children. The themes I work with include relational difficulties, family conflict, parenting, life transitions, loss, trauma, immigration, sexual orientation, anxiety and depression. I believe culture, gender, race and other identities play a role in our lives, as do safety, connection and trust. I aim to honour and create space for these qualities and my style is collaborative and conversational. I believe in lived experiences and try to bring mine, being a queer immigrant parent, to practice. I also offer therapy in English and Hebrew.
My apporach is integrative and includes: Psychodynamic, internal family systems, solution focused, narrative and dialectical behaviour therapies, as well as emotion focused skills training and collaborative problem solving; all within trauma and attachment informed practice.
I've been a therapist for over 15 years, working with adults, caregivers, youth and children. The themes I work with include relational difficulties, family conflict, parenting, life transitions, loss, trauma, immigration, sexual orientation, anxiety and depression. I believe culture, gender, race and other identities play a role in our lives, as do safety, connection and trust. I aim to honour and create space for these qualities and my style is collaborative and conversational. I believe in lived experiences and try to bring mine, being a queer immigrant parent, to practice. I also offer therapy in English and Hebrew.
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Photo of Dr. Kelly Mandarino, Registered Social Worker in M4C, ON
Dr. Kelly Mandarino
Registered Social Worker, PhD, MSW, RSW, BSW, BA
Verified Verified
East York, ON M4C  (Online Only)
I have been teaching graduate level courses since 2011 in psychodynamic theory, EFT, CBT, research, family and group therapy in the MSW departments at UofT and Smith College.
Hello and welcome! I am a Psychotherapist/Registered Social Worker with over 20 years of clinical practice with children, teens, adults and families with complex needs. I work with my clients' strengths to build coping skills and resiliency while simultaneously exploring recurring themes stemming from attachment wounds or unmet needs. Having one foot in the present and one in the past helps determine how early relational experiences often continue to impact current challenges and relationships. Feeling comfortable with your therapist is first and foremost, so I offer a free phone consultation to see if we may be a good fit.
I have been teaching graduate level courses since 2011 in psychodynamic theory, EFT, CBT, research, family and group therapy in the MSW departments at UofT and Smith College.
Hello and welcome! I am a Psychotherapist/Registered Social Worker with over 20 years of clinical practice with children, teens, adults and families with complex needs. I work with my clients' strengths to build coping skills and resiliency while simultaneously exploring recurring themes stemming from attachment wounds or unmet needs. Having one foot in the present and one in the past helps determine how early relational experiences often continue to impact current challenges and relationships. Feeling comfortable with your therapist is first and foremost, so I offer a free phone consultation to see if we may be a good fit.
(647) 931-5965 View (647) 931-5965
Photo of Kevin Sparks, Pre-Licensed Professional in M4C, ON
Kevin Sparks
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C
My name is Kevin and I offer therapy to clients both in person and online. I see therapy as a powerful way in which we can learn about ourselves, our emotions, and relationships with others. Therapy offers the opportunity to explore who you are as a person and what you have been through that shapes who you are today. In providing a space to understand who you are, and where you may have become stuck in life, we can work together to regain your spontaneity that may have been lost along the way.
My name is Kevin and I offer therapy to clients both in person and online. I see therapy as a powerful way in which we can learn about ourselves, our emotions, and relationships with others. Therapy offers the opportunity to explore who you are as a person and what you have been through that shapes who you are today. In providing a space to understand who you are, and where you may have become stuck in life, we can work together to regain your spontaneity that may have been lost along the way.
(437) 292-4721 View (437) 292-4721
Photo of Kate McGee, Registered Psychotherapist in M4C, ON
Kate McGee
Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, RP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
With gentleness, curiosity and humour, I've walked with people at all ages and stages: facing mental illness or trauma, dealing with infertility or baby loss, embracing queer identity, wrestling with spirituality, living with disability. Your story is central, but talking isn't everything: some of our deepest wounds are held in realms beyond words. Because I often work with trauma and embodied pain, I use neurobiology-based somatic approaches. I use Internal Family Systems (inner parts work) and other approaches that engage clients’ creative, imaginative, and meditative sides in the service of healing.
With gentleness, curiosity and humour, I've walked with people at all ages and stages: facing mental illness or trauma, dealing with infertility or baby loss, embracing queer identity, wrestling with spirituality, living with disability. Your story is central, but talking isn't everything: some of our deepest wounds are held in realms beyond words. Because I often work with trauma and embodied pain, I use neurobiology-based somatic approaches. I use Internal Family Systems (inner parts work) and other approaches that engage clients’ creative, imaginative, and meditative sides in the service of healing.
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Photo of Karima Joy, Registered Social Worker in M4C, ON
Karima Joy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
It can be overwhelming to know from a bio which therapist is the 'right' fit. I offer free initial phone consultations to get acquainted and answer questions.
It can be overwhelming to know from a bio which therapist is the 'right' fit. I offer free initial phone consultations to get acquainted and answer questions.
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Photo of Alanna Fletcher, Registered Social Worker in M4C, ON
Alanna Fletcher
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4C
Hello and welcome! I am a practioner who is passionate about supporting folks in building a life that is meaningful and value-driven, in spite of whatever challenges are present. I value compassion, collaboration, and social justice, and I embody these by creating a warm, validating, and open space where we can be curious together. I fundamentally believe that every individual is the expert of their own experience, and I aspire to work and learn with and alongside you. I take a critical, anti-oppressive and intersectional stance to my work, as I believe that all of our struggles connect to larger social and structural realities.
Hello and welcome! I am a practioner who is passionate about supporting folks in building a life that is meaningful and value-driven, in spite of whatever challenges are present. I value compassion, collaboration, and social justice, and I embody these by creating a warm, validating, and open space where we can be curious together. I fundamentally believe that every individual is the expert of their own experience, and I aspire to work and learn with and alongside you. I take a critical, anti-oppressive and intersectional stance to my work, as I believe that all of our struggles connect to larger social and structural realities.
(647) 493-5601 View (647) 493-5601
Photo of Maryam Fazl, Registered Social Worker in M4C, ON
Maryam Fazl
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C
I provide psychotherapy to clients struggling with challenging life experiences. It can be difficult to feel understood or to cope when experiencing stress, depression, anxiety, interpersonal conflict or low self-confidence. It takes courage to reach out and ask for help, and I can provide a safe space where together we focus on skills that foster resiliency in the face of inevitable life challenges. I have more than a decade of experience working with adults (18+) dealing with anxiety, depression, stress, adjustment issues, grief, shame and guilt, interpersonal conflict, and perinatal concerns, etc.
I provide psychotherapy to clients struggling with challenging life experiences. It can be difficult to feel understood or to cope when experiencing stress, depression, anxiety, interpersonal conflict or low self-confidence. It takes courage to reach out and ask for help, and I can provide a safe space where together we focus on skills that foster resiliency in the face of inevitable life challenges. I have more than a decade of experience working with adults (18+) dealing with anxiety, depression, stress, adjustment issues, grief, shame and guilt, interpersonal conflict, and perinatal concerns, etc.
(437) 800-2849 View (437) 800-2849
Photo of Gabriela Paula Poggi, Registered Psychotherapist in M4C, ON
Gabriela Paula Poggi
Registered Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C
Sometimes, we may find ourselves facing life experiences which bring us suffering and we have not enough answers. We might feel strange, anxious, sad, worried with symptoms of emotional pain. On these moments, a therapist assistance would provide a safe, healthy environment to work on those issues. The therapy environment aims at allowing you the possibility to access to the root of difficulties rather than looking at exterior manifestations During our sessions, I will not judge either your past or present choices. My private practice includes services in Spanish (my mother tongue) providing brief and long-term treatment.
Sometimes, we may find ourselves facing life experiences which bring us suffering and we have not enough answers. We might feel strange, anxious, sad, worried with symptoms of emotional pain. On these moments, a therapist assistance would provide a safe, healthy environment to work on those issues. The therapy environment aims at allowing you the possibility to access to the root of difficulties rather than looking at exterior manifestations During our sessions, I will not judge either your past or present choices. My private practice includes services in Spanish (my mother tongue) providing brief and long-term treatment.
(647) 249-7509 View (647) 249-7509
Photo of Relationship Works Canada, Jillian Pedrick, Registered Psychotherapist in M4C, ON
Relationship Works Canada, Jillian Pedrick
Registered Psychotherapist, MPCC-S, RP, CT
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4C
You deserve the joy of healthy relationships - let us help you get there. My team and I help our clients solve painful relationship problems and develop happier relationships. With 25 years of experience in over 26 counselling modalities, we apply the most recent findings in brain science to the art of relationship/couples counselling to help people of all orientations and backgrounds build strong, happy relationships. Whether you're struggling within your current relationship or healing from past relationship trauma, relationship therapy can help you experience healthy relationships again or for the first time.
You deserve the joy of healthy relationships - let us help you get there. My team and I help our clients solve painful relationship problems and develop happier relationships. With 25 years of experience in over 26 counselling modalities, we apply the most recent findings in brain science to the art of relationship/couples counselling to help people of all orientations and backgrounds build strong, happy relationships. Whether you're struggling within your current relationship or healing from past relationship trauma, relationship therapy can help you experience healthy relationships again or for the first time.
(437) 291-8785 View (437) 291-8785
Photo of Yzobela (Isabella) Hyett Perinatal Therapy, Registered Psychotherapist in M4C, ON
Yzobela (Isabella) Hyett Perinatal Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, PMH-C
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Specializing in Pregnancy/Postpartum and Women's issues. You are not broken - you are dealing with stress, grief, or trauma, as well as family, relationships, and work. You're feeling overwhelmed - your big emotions or negative thoughts are running the show, and you're looking for ways to feel more centred and in control. Therapy provides a safe, compassionate space where we can tap into our own wisdom and learn how to show up in our lives as the people we want to be. I can help you make sense of how you got here, get clarity on the inner conflicts that are making you feel stuck, and find a clearer vision of your path to wellness.
Specializing in Pregnancy/Postpartum and Women's issues. You are not broken - you are dealing with stress, grief, or trauma, as well as family, relationships, and work. You're feeling overwhelmed - your big emotions or negative thoughts are running the show, and you're looking for ways to feel more centred and in control. Therapy provides a safe, compassionate space where we can tap into our own wisdom and learn how to show up in our lives as the people we want to be. I can help you make sense of how you got here, get clarity on the inner conflicts that are making you feel stuck, and find a clearer vision of your path to wellness.
(647) 492-9449 View (647) 492-9449
Photo of Sara Martel, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in M4C, ON
Sara Martel
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RPQ
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C
I work with individuals, couples, families, and kin to support you in a variety of issues, including infertility, pregnancy loss, postpartum, parenting, emotional processing and regulation, anxiety, depression, identity, relationships, shame, and self-acceptance. We will work together to identify your patterns of thought, feeling, and behaviour, in order to build self-awareness and self-compassion, with a focus on your strengths and the hopes you have for therapy.
I work with individuals, couples, families, and kin to support you in a variety of issues, including infertility, pregnancy loss, postpartum, parenting, emotional processing and regulation, anxiety, depression, identity, relationships, shame, and self-acceptance. We will work together to identify your patterns of thought, feeling, and behaviour, in order to build self-awareness and self-compassion, with a focus on your strengths and the hopes you have for therapy.
(437) 800-1471 View (437) 800-1471
Photo of Kyle T Ganson, Registered Social Worker in M4C, ON
Kyle T Ganson
Registered Social Worker, PhD, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4C
I specialize in helping adolescents and adults navigate through various emotional and social challenges, such as struggles with eating habits and body image, feelings of depression or anxiety, low self-esteem, and difficulties at work. Additionally, I offer tailored support for boys and men facing unique gender-related issues. My aim is to provide a safe and supportive environment where we can work together towards your personal growth and goals.
I specialize in helping adolescents and adults navigate through various emotional and social challenges, such as struggles with eating habits and body image, feelings of depression or anxiety, low self-esteem, and difficulties at work. Additionally, I offer tailored support for boys and men facing unique gender-related issues. My aim is to provide a safe and supportive environment where we can work together towards your personal growth and goals.
(647) 955-7286 View (647) 955-7286
Photo of Becca Pearl, Registered Psychotherapist in M4C, ON
Becca Pearl
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C  (Online Only)
I'm a relational psychotherapist and trauma specialist, supporting individuals and couples+ to cultivate safety and aliveness. We’re wired to seek them both - a sense of ease, security, and belonging - as well as adventure, freedom, and play. It’s no wonder we get stuck sometimes, when these needs are enticingly paradoxical. Whether working individually or as a couple+, enriching our intimacy and independence often involves tending to the influence of the past. I will be your co-conspirator as you unravel the habitual ways of being and relating that protected your heart in the times that were the most painful, lonely, and violent.
I'm a relational psychotherapist and trauma specialist, supporting individuals and couples+ to cultivate safety and aliveness. We’re wired to seek them both - a sense of ease, security, and belonging - as well as adventure, freedom, and play. It’s no wonder we get stuck sometimes, when these needs are enticingly paradoxical. Whether working individually or as a couple+, enriching our intimacy and independence often involves tending to the influence of the past. I will be your co-conspirator as you unravel the habitual ways of being and relating that protected your heart in the times that were the most painful, lonely, and violent.
(647) 695-2617 View (647) 695-2617
Photo of Erin Kuri, Registered Psychotherapist in M4C, ON
Erin Kuri
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, RP, OATR, CCC, CCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C
I’m so glad you’re here. You’re not alone. The path to pregnancy and parenting is often not how we imagined it would be. At times it can feel overwhelming, uncertain and even frightening. As a Registered Psychotherapist and Registered Art Therapist I accompany my clients to explore their journey through the creative process of art-making. No artistic skill is necessary and materials are provided. Together we work at your pace, fostering a safe space to heal, and integrate challenges. I aim to support you in cultivating awareness and transformation, allowing you the freedom to re-imagine new spaces, to grow into your potential.
I’m so glad you’re here. You’re not alone. The path to pregnancy and parenting is often not how we imagined it would be. At times it can feel overwhelming, uncertain and even frightening. As a Registered Psychotherapist and Registered Art Therapist I accompany my clients to explore their journey through the creative process of art-making. No artistic skill is necessary and materials are provided. Together we work at your pace, fostering a safe space to heal, and integrate challenges. I aim to support you in cultivating awareness and transformation, allowing you the freedom to re-imagine new spaces, to grow into your potential.
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Photo of Shara Claire, Registered Psychotherapist in M4C, ON
Shara Claire
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, EXAT, MA
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4C  (Online Only)
Finding the right therapist can be time-consuming, emotionally exhausting and expensive. For this reason, I offer a complimentary full-length introductory session. I have experience with youth and adults navigating struggles with self-esteem, depression, early childhood or other trauma, disordered eating, relationship issues, anxiety, grief and loss, life transitions, gender & sexuality inquiry, and existential anxiety. Clients appreciate my precision, as well as my gentle but directive approach to therapy. Mindfulness and meditation inform my practice and I am available, if you wish, to support you to explore this part of yourself.
Finding the right therapist can be time-consuming, emotionally exhausting and expensive. For this reason, I offer a complimentary full-length introductory session. I have experience with youth and adults navigating struggles with self-esteem, depression, early childhood or other trauma, disordered eating, relationship issues, anxiety, grief and loss, life transitions, gender & sexuality inquiry, and existential anxiety. Clients appreciate my precision, as well as my gentle but directive approach to therapy. Mindfulness and meditation inform my practice and I am available, if you wish, to support you to explore this part of yourself.
(289) 273-7792 View (289) 273-7792
Photo of Danielle Phegan, Registered Psychotherapist in M4C, ON
Danielle Phegan
Registered Psychotherapist, AAMFT, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
East York, ON M4C
Waitlist for new clients
I believe in the innate ability of every individual to grow and heal, sometimes we need help. For twenty five years I have had the privilege of working with individuals, couples, families and groups on their healing journeys. I work with an anti-oppression and client-centered perspective, which celebrates the unique needs of every client I see. Therapy is an evolving collaboration that needs a safe space to explore challenging feelings, thoughts and relationships in support of new insights, repair, and connection.
I believe in the innate ability of every individual to grow and heal, sometimes we need help. For twenty five years I have had the privilege of working with individuals, couples, families and groups on their healing journeys. I work with an anti-oppression and client-centered perspective, which celebrates the unique needs of every client I see. Therapy is an evolving collaboration that needs a safe space to explore challenging feelings, thoughts and relationships in support of new insights, repair, and connection.
(416) 892-0701 View (416) 892-0701
Photo of Todd Solomon, Registered Psychotherapist in M4C, ON
Todd Solomon
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4C  (Online Only)
Please note I offer secure video counselling and therapy, and do not offer in-person appointments at this time. Most concerns can be effectively addressed via video. Effective, understanding therapy utilizing an integrative approach is what I can offer. Many people who reach out to me are feeling highly stressed, are anxious, or may feel lost, down and helpless about how to address their issues. Our sessions together are designed to help you address your emotional or behaviour concerns, and help you find the tools to live your life better. I believe that good therapy has to fit you and what you need, not the other way around.
Please note I offer secure video counselling and therapy, and do not offer in-person appointments at this time. Most concerns can be effectively addressed via video. Effective, understanding therapy utilizing an integrative approach is what I can offer. Many people who reach out to me are feeling highly stressed, are anxious, or may feel lost, down and helpless about how to address their issues. Our sessions together are designed to help you address your emotional or behaviour concerns, and help you find the tools to live your life better. I believe that good therapy has to fit you and what you need, not the other way around.
(647) 696-8087 View (647) 696-8087

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Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.