Therapists in Prince Edward Island

View cities in Prince Edward Island
Photo of Katelyn Reardon, Registered Social Worker, MSW, BSW, BA
Katelyn Reardon
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BSW, BA
Charlottetown, PE C1E
Through my 14 years of social work experience, I have worked with all age groups- from the beginning stages of life, through childhood and youth, into adulthood, and final stages of life. I have experience in trauma and precipitating symptoms of such, including- anxiety, sleep disturbance, relationship struggles, depression, risk assessment, as well as, grief and loss support. I have worked with clients on individual levels, with their partners (in support of relationships), and with their families. I have supported clients in their goals of alleviating symptoms that affect quality of life and relationships.
Through my 14 years of social work experience, I have worked with all age groups- from the beginning stages of life, through childhood and youth, into adulthood, and final stages of life. I have experience in trauma and precipitating symptoms of such, including- anxiety, sleep disturbance, relationship struggles, depression, risk assessment, as well as, grief and loss support. I have worked with clients on individual levels, with their partners (in support of relationships), and with their families. I have supported clients in their goals of alleviating symptoms that affect quality of life and relationships.
(249) 496-2927 View (249) 496-2927
Photo of Shirley Anne Cameron, Pre-Licensed Professional, MACP, MA, BEd, BMus, EMDR
Shirley Anne Cameron
Pre-Licensed Professional, MACP, MA, BEd, BMus, EMDR
1 Endorsed
Charlottetown, PE C1A
Life is filled with meaning and purpose, yet it often presents challenges and distractions that divert us. As a dedicated intern psychotherapist, my passion lies in helping individuals overcome personal obstacles to uncover inspiration and meaning, heal wounded emotions, and cultivate self-confidence, self-worth, and resilience. The foundation of my work is trust; built so people feel accepted, safe, and heard. By integrating my life's learning and experience, I aim to help people recover their strengths and empower them to live a life with positive intentions.
Life is filled with meaning and purpose, yet it often presents challenges and distractions that divert us. As a dedicated intern psychotherapist, my passion lies in helping individuals overcome personal obstacles to uncover inspiration and meaning, heal wounded emotions, and cultivate self-confidence, self-worth, and resilience. The foundation of my work is trust; built so people feel accepted, safe, and heard. By integrating my life's learning and experience, I aim to help people recover their strengths and empower them to live a life with positive intentions.
(249) 496-1374 View (249) 496-1374
Photo of Megan Peters, Counsellor, MACP, CT
Megan Peters
Counsellor, MACP, CT
2 Endorsed
Charlottetown, PE C1E
Hi my name is Megan and I am a Counselling Therapist in PEI. I have a Bachelor of Science in Biology and a Bachelor of Science in Psychology. I then pursued a Master of Arts in Counselling Psychology. I picked this profession because I saw the need for more mental health professionals on the Island and I wanted to help fill the gap.
Hi my name is Megan and I am a Counselling Therapist in PEI. I have a Bachelor of Science in Biology and a Bachelor of Science in Psychology. I then pursued a Master of Arts in Counselling Psychology. I picked this profession because I saw the need for more mental health professionals on the Island and I wanted to help fill the gap.
View
Photo of David Mitchell - Ultra Bright Counselling Services, Counsellor, MEd, CCC, CT
Ultra Bright Counselling Services
Counsellor, MEd, CCC, CT
2 Endorsed
Cornwall, PE C0A
I have a proven track record of building trust with clients which has helped them move forward and attain goals. Whether it be working through stressful situations, relationship issues, or just finding ways to cope and move forward in your life, I will work to help you meet your goals.
I have a proven track record of building trust with clients which has helped them move forward and attain goals. Whether it be working through stressful situations, relationship issues, or just finding ways to cope and move forward in your life, I will work to help you meet your goals.
(450) 234-1308 View (450) 234-1308
Ellis Counselling Service Ltd
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, RCT
Bonshaw, PE C0A
My clients generally are struggling with past influences in their lives that impact their ability to deal with their day to day lives. This can be due to trauma in the past that just won't go away, or a struggle with putting boundaries in place that would help them have a healthier way of living. Many just want to be able to enjoy their lives again and not let things get to them.
My clients generally are struggling with past influences in their lives that impact their ability to deal with their day to day lives. This can be due to trauma in the past that just won't go away, or a struggle with putting boundaries in place that would help them have a healthier way of living. Many just want to be able to enjoy their lives again and not let things get to them.
(581) 200-2062 View (581) 200-2062
Photo of Freda Burdett - Dr Freda Burdett, Psychologist, PhD , LPsych
Dr Freda Burdett
Psychologist, PhD , LPsych
Charlottetown, PE C1A
I am presently working full-time in Prince Edward Island. In my practice clients present with a wide range of concerns and challenges. Some of these include anxiety disorders (e.g. obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, specific phobia), mood disorders (depression and bipolar), personality disorders (borderline personality disorder, OCPD), and trauma (post-traumatic stress disorder).
I am presently working full-time in Prince Edward Island. In my practice clients present with a wide range of concerns and challenges. Some of these include anxiety disorders (e.g. obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, specific phobia), mood disorders (depression and bipolar), personality disorders (borderline personality disorder, OCPD), and trauma (post-traumatic stress disorder).
(506) 701-6618 View (506) 701-6618
Photo of Marla MacDonald, Counsellor, BA, MA, MACP, CT (P)
Marla MacDonald
Counsellor, BA, MA, MACP, CT (P)
Online Only
If you're here right now, you're probably looking to make some changes in your life. It can be hard to know where to start. I will be your biggest supporter, whether that's through doing deep inner work, skills development, or a safe space to just be yourself. Growth happens in connected relationships, including the one between client and therapist, and I am excited to use the tools and knowledge I have to help you feel empowered and grounded in who you are. Some areas I help with are anxiety, depression, high-performance stress, perfectionism, identity exploration, relationship difficulties, and people pleasing.
If you're here right now, you're probably looking to make some changes in your life. It can be hard to know where to start. I will be your biggest supporter, whether that's through doing deep inner work, skills development, or a safe space to just be yourself. Growth happens in connected relationships, including the one between client and therapist, and I am excited to use the tools and knowledge I have to help you feel empowered and grounded in who you are. Some areas I help with are anxiety, depression, high-performance stress, perfectionism, identity exploration, relationship difficulties, and people pleasing.
(249) 700-4620 View (249) 700-4620
Photo of Taylor Martin, Counsellor, MA, CCC, CT
Taylor Martin
Counsellor, MA, CCC, CT
2 Endorsed
Charlottetown, PE C1A
Our lives are full of uncertainty. Navigating relationships, managing anxiety, and finding joy may be challenging. It can be lonely trying to go through all of this by yourself. Having someone to share your journey with and help you process the challenges, changes, and unknowns of your life may help you find the peace that you've been seeking.
Our lives are full of uncertainty. Navigating relationships, managing anxiety, and finding joy may be challenging. It can be lonely trying to go through all of this by yourself. Having someone to share your journey with and help you process the challenges, changes, and unknowns of your life may help you find the peace that you've been seeking.
(902) 906-5084 View (902) 906-5084
Photo of Lauren Lawless, Pre-Licensed Professional, BA, BEd, CCC, CT
Lauren Lawless
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA, BEd, CCC, CT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome! I am so glad you're here. I’m a provisional Counselling Therapist with Your Life Design Inc. My passion is being alongside people as they navigate life’s challenges, make sense of their experiences, and step into a healthier, more grounded version of themselves. I work with university students and working professionals — who are balancing academic demands, personal growth, and relationships. I also work closely with people who want to explore and heal from trauma, whether it’s a recent event or something that’s been carried silently for years. I have recently begun seeing clients with autism and intellectual disabilities.
Welcome! I am so glad you're here. I’m a provisional Counselling Therapist with Your Life Design Inc. My passion is being alongside people as they navigate life’s challenges, make sense of their experiences, and step into a healthier, more grounded version of themselves. I work with university students and working professionals — who are balancing academic demands, personal growth, and relationships. I also work closely with people who want to explore and heal from trauma, whether it’s a recent event or something that’s been carried silently for years. I have recently begun seeing clients with autism and intellectual disabilities.
(506) 406-0149 View (506) 406-0149
Photo of Alysia Angus, Counsellor, MACP(P)
Alysia Angus
Counsellor, MACP(P)
1 Endorsed
Montague, PE C0A
I am currently only taking new clients in my Montague location. I believe in the power of being person-centred and focusing on the little things that bring joy and laughter. I am a neurodivergance-affirming counsellor, you are you and I am so excited for that! I want to work collaboratively with you and help navigate this journey towards healing and self-discovery. When working with children, adults, or families, my approach is always thoughtful and empathetic. I want to focus on fostering growth, resilience, and empowerment. I believe in the power of connection, understanding, and acceptance.
I am currently only taking new clients in my Montague location. I believe in the power of being person-centred and focusing on the little things that bring joy and laughter. I am a neurodivergance-affirming counsellor, you are you and I am so excited for that! I want to work collaboratively with you and help navigate this journey towards healing and self-discovery. When working with children, adults, or families, my approach is always thoughtful and empathetic. I want to focus on fostering growth, resilience, and empowerment. I believe in the power of connection, understanding, and acceptance.
(249) 496-1852 View (249) 496-1852
Photo of Donna Louise Wigmore Âû, CT, CCC, MEd
Donna Louise Wigmore Âû
Verified Verified
Charlottetown, PE C1A
I have openings. You need to be seen with warmth and understanding so you can explore your issues, change how the past impacts you now, and move toward the life you want. Feeling hopeless or not good enough may have you stuck. Anxiety, PTSD, or a dysregulated nervous system can be a result of growing up without the support you needed to thrive, or your neurodivergence or sensitivities being misread. Survival strategies that once worked may no longer help - we can change them. Together, we can reset your nervous system so you feel calm and hopeful. Whether it's from harm that was done to you or nurture that you lacked, you can heal.
I have openings. You need to be seen with warmth and understanding so you can explore your issues, change how the past impacts you now, and move toward the life you want. Feeling hopeless or not good enough may have you stuck. Anxiety, PTSD, or a dysregulated nervous system can be a result of growing up without the support you needed to thrive, or your neurodivergence or sensitivities being misread. Survival strategies that once worked may no longer help - we can change them. Together, we can reset your nervous system so you feel calm and hopeful. Whether it's from harm that was done to you or nurture that you lacked, you can heal.
(431) 341-0687 View (431) 341-0687
Photo of Michala Mitchell, Counsellor, BEd, MEd, CCC, CT
Michala Mitchell
Counsellor, BEd, MEd, CCC, CT
1 Endorsed
Charlottetown, PE C1A
During my years working with children and youth, I've seen play become an important tool as they move forward in life. As a counselling therapist, my play therapy certification will allow me to help children and youth manage stressful situations and emotions through play while helping to identify healthy coping strategies.
During my years working with children and youth, I've seen play become an important tool as they move forward in life. As a counselling therapist, my play therapy certification will allow me to help children and youth manage stressful situations and emotions through play while helping to identify healthy coping strategies.
(647) 362-9438 View (647) 362-9438
Photo of Shannon Sawler, Counsellor, MEd, CCC, LCT
Shannon Sawler
Counsellor, MEd, CCC, LCT
1 Endorsed
Charlottetown, PE C1A
My experience has shown me that we all possess the innate ability to heal when provided with a safe environment, the right tools, and supportive guidance from those who believe in us. I take a clinical approach that is tailored to each individual, recognizing that every client has unique needs. However, one common requirement for all clients is the need to feel heard and validated in a shame-free space. With 19 years of practice, I have learned as much from my clients as they have learned from me, and I feel honoured to have been trusted by so many on their healing journeys.
My experience has shown me that we all possess the innate ability to heal when provided with a safe environment, the right tools, and supportive guidance from those who believe in us. I take a clinical approach that is tailored to each individual, recognizing that every client has unique needs. However, one common requirement for all clients is the need to feel heard and validated in a shame-free space. With 19 years of practice, I have learned as much from my clients as they have learned from me, and I feel honoured to have been trusted by so many on their healing journeys.
(873) 735-0382 View (873) 735-0382
Photo of Chandni Devi Chaube - Marathon Mental Health Services, Counsellor, MACP, RP, CT, CCC
Marathon Mental Health Services
Counsellor, MACP, RP, CT, CCC
1 Endorsed
North Rustico, PE C0A
Healing and feeling better is a journey. I help clients build skills, confidence and knowledge to support them on that journey. I provide counselling for couples, and individuals. I help clients with a variety of mental health concerns including but not limited to trauma, anxiety, depression, and addictions/substance misuse. My clients are in charge of stating what they want to work on in therapy, but sometimes they need a bit more help understanding what's troubling them, and I help in this regard too. Non-judgement and unconditional positive regard is the general vibe clients can expect when working with me.
Healing and feeling better is a journey. I help clients build skills, confidence and knowledge to support them on that journey. I provide counselling for couples, and individuals. I help clients with a variety of mental health concerns including but not limited to trauma, anxiety, depression, and addictions/substance misuse. My clients are in charge of stating what they want to work on in therapy, but sometimes they need a bit more help understanding what's troubling them, and I help in this regard too. Non-judgement and unconditional positive regard is the general vibe clients can expect when working with me.
(438) 806-0890 View (438) 806-0890
Photo of Jacqueline Griffith - Calm Shores Counselling , Registered Social Worker, RSW/MSW, BSW, BA
Calm Shores Counselling
Registered Social Worker, RSW/MSW, BSW, BA
Charlottetown, PE C1A
Today’s world is complex, making it easy to feel like you're lost in a whirlwind of relationships, career pressures, digital distractions, personal passions, and the relentless rhythm of daily life. It’s no wonder some challenges—be they from today or the past—can weigh down our spirits, dimming our resilience and robbing us of joy. Jacqueline sees you as the true expert of your own journey and prompts you with thoughtful questions to unlock your distinctive pathways to solutions. With her open heart and attentive ear, Jacqueline embodies empathy and kindness, invested in helping you trace your path to success and fulfillment.
Today’s world is complex, making it easy to feel like you're lost in a whirlwind of relationships, career pressures, digital distractions, personal passions, and the relentless rhythm of daily life. It’s no wonder some challenges—be they from today or the past—can weigh down our spirits, dimming our resilience and robbing us of joy. Jacqueline sees you as the true expert of your own journey and prompts you with thoughtful questions to unlock your distinctive pathways to solutions. With her open heart and attentive ear, Jacqueline embodies empathy and kindness, invested in helping you trace your path to success and fulfillment.
(581) 333-7321 View (581) 333-7321
Photo of Lisa Marmen, Counsellor, CCC, CT, MA, MEd
Lisa Marmen
Counsellor, CCC, CT, MA, MEd
2 Endorsed
Ellerslie, PE C0B
I am now a Canadian Certified Counsellor and Counselling Therapist (provisional). I believe people can transform obstacles into opportunities to become their best selves. Therefore, my goal is to empower each client and strengthen their existing skills and resources. I am a lifelong learner, curious, and solution-focused. My approach is client-centred and collaborative. I believe the relationship between the counsellor and the client is essential for healing and self-discovery. Your life story does not define who you are. You can re-write it into what you wish it to be.
I am now a Canadian Certified Counsellor and Counselling Therapist (provisional). I believe people can transform obstacles into opportunities to become their best selves. Therefore, my goal is to empower each client and strengthen their existing skills and resources. I am a lifelong learner, curious, and solution-focused. My approach is client-centred and collaborative. I believe the relationship between the counsellor and the client is essential for healing and self-discovery. Your life story does not define who you are. You can re-write it into what you wish it to be.
(431) 532-5552 View (431) 532-5552
Photo of Taylor Malone - Beyond the Brain Injury Counselling Therapy, Counsellor, MA, CT
Beyond the Brain Injury Counselling Therapy
Counsellor, MA, CT
2 Endorsed
Charlottetown, PE C1A
Life after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or concussion — or with ADHD — can be hard. The inner world you experience feels exhausting and many of the challenges overlap, including difficulties with emotional regulation, fatigue, attention and memory, and trouble navigating relationships. As a licensed Counselling Therapist and TBI survivor who works closely with brain injury and ADHD, I bring understanding, clinical knowledge, and lived insight into how these experiences can shape daily life.
Life after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or concussion — or with ADHD — can be hard. The inner world you experience feels exhausting and many of the challenges overlap, including difficulties with emotional regulation, fatigue, attention and memory, and trouble navigating relationships. As a licensed Counselling Therapist and TBI survivor who works closely with brain injury and ADHD, I bring understanding, clinical knowledge, and lived insight into how these experiences can shape daily life.
(807) 697-3317 View (807) 697-3317
Photo of Dr. Nancy Bartlett, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Nancy Bartlett
Psychologist, PhD
Charlottetown, PE C1A
Not accepting new clients
I am a clinical psychologist with 20+ years of experience working in private practice settings, having moved from Halifax to PEI in 2020. I see adult clients virtually or in person in my Charlottetown office who are simply looking for a compassionate and trained ear to help them navigate a current life challenge as well as those who are seeking to heal from past trauma or understand why they feel and behave the way they do and who wish to let go of patterns that are no longer serving them. I carefully tailor my treatment approach for each client with the goal of empowering them to create meaningful and positive change.
I am a clinical psychologist with 20+ years of experience working in private practice settings, having moved from Halifax to PEI in 2020. I see adult clients virtually or in person in my Charlottetown office who are simply looking for a compassionate and trained ear to help them navigate a current life challenge as well as those who are seeking to heal from past trauma or understand why they feel and behave the way they do and who wish to let go of patterns that are no longer serving them. I carefully tailor my treatment approach for each client with the goal of empowering them to create meaningful and positive change.
(438) 619-0119 View (438) 619-0119
Photo of Tara Shea - In Good Time Wellness Collective, Registered Social Worker, MSW
In Good Time Wellness Collective
Registered Social Worker, MSW
Summerside, PE C1N
Do you struggle with anxiety, burnout, parenting stress, or the weight of past trauma that impacts your energy, relationships, or ability to be present in daily life? Do you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or emotionally drained just trying to get through the week, or even the day? Do you wonder if life could feel more manageable, more connected, more like you? Now more than ever, people of all ages are feeling uncertain, anxious, and alone in the face of loss, stress, and the pressure to be everything to everyone. You don’t have to face it alone.
Do you struggle with anxiety, burnout, parenting stress, or the weight of past trauma that impacts your energy, relationships, or ability to be present in daily life? Do you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or emotionally drained just trying to get through the week, or even the day? Do you wonder if life could feel more manageable, more connected, more like you? Now more than ever, people of all ages are feeling uncertain, anxious, and alone in the face of loss, stress, and the pressure to be everything to everyone. You don’t have to face it alone.
(431) 430-5985 View (431) 430-5985
Photo of Lynn Butler, Counsellor, MACP, CCC, CT, MMHPC
Lynn Butler
Counsellor, MACP, CCC, CT, MMHPC
1 Endorsed
Charlottetown, PE C1A
I was privileged to work in the non-profit sector for over 12 years, engaging with and supporting clients, creating, and delivering workshops and programs on aspects of caregiving, stress management, and grief and bereavement. My therapeutic approach is grounded in humanistic and person-centered theory incorporating aspects of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) as appropriate. I believe each person has the capacity to change and grow especially when provided with a safe, collaborative, and non- judgmental therapeutic space.
I was privileged to work in the non-profit sector for over 12 years, engaging with and supporting clients, creating, and delivering workshops and programs on aspects of caregiving, stress management, and grief and bereavement. My therapeutic approach is grounded in humanistic and person-centered theory incorporating aspects of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) as appropriate. I believe each person has the capacity to change and grow especially when provided with a safe, collaborative, and non- judgmental therapeutic space.
(249) 529-0976 View (249) 529-0976

See more therapy options for Prince Edward Island

How does your Counsellor compare?

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Prince Edward Island who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
82% Depression
77% Stress
67% Relationship Issues
65% Grief
65% Self Esteem
64% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Medavie Blue Cross
69% Canada Life | Great-West Life
66% Blue Cross

How Counsellors in Prince Edward Island see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
13% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Prince Edward Island?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.