Personality Disorders Therapists in Toronto, ON
I have specific expertise in the treatment of complex trauma and personality disorders.
I am a Registered Psychologist and Psychoanalyst in Toronto with 25 years experience and a highly regarded teacher and clinical supervisor with extensive experience in psychotherapy training and supervision. I am a Lecturer in Psychiatry in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto and train and supervise psychiatry residents in psychodynamic psychotherapy at the University Health Network. I am also on Faculty and a Supervising Analyst at the Toronto Institute for Contemporary Psychoanalysis and I teach in the Advanced Training Program in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy at the Toronto Psychoanalytic Institute.
I have specific expertise in the treatment of complex trauma and personality disorders.
I am a Registered Psychologist and Psychoanalyst in Toronto with 25 years experience and a highly regarded teacher and clinical supervisor with extensive experience in psychotherapy training and supervision. I am a Lecturer in Psychiatry in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto and train and supervise psychiatry residents in psychodynamic psychotherapy at the University Health Network. I am also on Faculty and a Supervising Analyst at the Toronto Institute for Contemporary Psychoanalysis and I teach in the Advanced Training Program in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy at the Toronto Psychoanalytic Institute.
I help clients struggling with various challenges including ADHD, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, personality disorders, social anxiety, panic attacks, OCD, trauma, grief, anger, psychosis, relationships, eating disorders, mood disorders, stress management and decision making.
I am a Registered Psychotherapist with the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (CRPO). I provide therapy to clients (ages 16 and up) and I use a variety of approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and emotion focused therapy (EFT). I strive to tailor my therapy approach to my clients’ needs. As such I place a strong emphasis on being up to date on current approaches and modalities, participating in professional development and working alongside my peers, honing my skills at every opportunity.
I help clients struggling with various challenges including ADHD, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, personality disorders, social anxiety, panic attacks, OCD, trauma, grief, anger, psychosis, relationships, eating disorders, mood disorders, stress management and decision making.
I am a Registered Psychotherapist with the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (CRPO). I provide therapy to clients (ages 16 and up) and I use a variety of approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and emotion focused therapy (EFT). I strive to tailor my therapy approach to my clients’ needs. As such I place a strong emphasis on being up to date on current approaches and modalities, participating in professional development and working alongside my peers, honing my skills at every opportunity.
I have special interest in issues concerning trauma, abuse, personality disorders, mood disorders, infidelity, cross-cultural issues and life coaching.
I believe in honoring each individual's unique life journey. Our sessions will focus on exploring your strength in a non-judgmental and collaborative space. Instead of "fixing," I would like to work with you in "actualizing" your own truth as the starting point of your healing journey. I've been working at Toronto Western Hospital as a mental health clinician for 10+ years in both English and Mandarin. I also work with MVA, EHC, GP- and self-referred clients from a wide range of ethnic backgrounds and religious beliefs in my private practice.
I have special interest in issues concerning trauma, abuse, personality disorders, mood disorders, infidelity, cross-cultural issues and life coaching.
I believe in honoring each individual's unique life journey. Our sessions will focus on exploring your strength in a non-judgmental and collaborative space. Instead of "fixing," I would like to work with you in "actualizing" your own truth as the starting point of your healing journey. I've been working at Toronto Western Hospital as a mental health clinician for 10+ years in both English and Mandarin. I also work with MVA, EHC, GP- and self-referred clients from a wide range of ethnic backgrounds and religious beliefs in my private practice.
Dr. Shelley McMain - Centre for MindBody Health
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5N
Shelley is an internationally recognized expert in the treatment of personality disorders, emotion regulation, self-harm and suicidal behavior.
Dr. Shelley McMain is a Registered Psychologist who has been practicing for more than 30 years. She is Head of the Borderline Personality Disorder Clinic and a Clinician Scientist at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Toronto. She is also the Director of the Psychotherapy, Humanities, and Psychosocial Interventions Division and an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto. Shelley was the first Canadian clinician certified by the DBT-Linehan Board of Certification as a DBT individual and group therapist. She has also completed in-depth training in Prolonged Exposure, EFT and CBT.
Shelley is an internationally recognized expert in the treatment of personality disorders, emotion regulation, self-harm and suicidal behavior.
Dr. Shelley McMain is a Registered Psychologist who has been practicing for more than 30 years. She is Head of the Borderline Personality Disorder Clinic and a Clinician Scientist at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Toronto. She is also the Director of the Psychotherapy, Humanities, and Psychosocial Interventions Division and an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto. Shelley was the first Canadian clinician certified by the DBT-Linehan Board of Certification as a DBT individual and group therapist. She has also completed in-depth training in Prolonged Exposure, EFT and CBT.
Francy Fang Wang
Registered Psychotherapist, MD, RP, PA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M2N
Due to my strong training background, I can treat wide-range issues include mental illnesses, emotional disturbance, behavior problems, addiction, trauma and loss, personality disorders, self-esteem issues, eating disorders, family/marital issues.
I was originally trained as a medical doctor and practiced as a psychiatrist for 10+ years before coming to Canada for psychoanalysis training. In addition to my training in psychiatry and psychoanalysis, I also had training in family therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy. I am currently practicing as a psychoanalyst and a registered psychotherapist in great Toronto area. However, my clients come from whole Ontario and around the Canada. I also provide online/telephone treatment for people overseas. In addition to clinical psychoanalysis and psychotherapy services, I also teach and provide supervision for therapists and in-training therapists/psychoanalyst.
Due to my strong training background, I can treat wide-range issues include mental illnesses, emotional disturbance, behavior problems, addiction, trauma and loss, personality disorders, self-esteem issues, eating disorders, family/marital issues.
I was originally trained as a medical doctor and practiced as a psychiatrist for 10+ years before coming to Canada for psychoanalysis training. In addition to my training in psychiatry and psychoanalysis, I also had training in family therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy. I am currently practicing as a psychoanalyst and a registered psychotherapist in great Toronto area. However, my clients come from whole Ontario and around the Canada. I also provide online/telephone treatment for people overseas. In addition to clinical psychoanalysis and psychotherapy services, I also teach and provide supervision for therapists and in-training therapists/psychoanalyst.
Quick, close your eyes. Where do you expect to be in five years? When I was in my own despair, I never would have imagined that less than five years after living through such tumultuous times, my life would bring me to this incredible field. My work is now my calling and I am super passionate about supporting my clients through their growth and change. For over a decade, I have worked with a range of private clients and organizations. My years of experience has introduced me to clients and their families, experiencing highly diverse struggles including trauma, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, substance abuse, and more.
Quick, close your eyes. Where do you expect to be in five years? When I was in my own despair, I never would have imagined that less than five years after living through such tumultuous times, my life would bring me to this incredible field. My work is now my calling and I am super passionate about supporting my clients through their growth and change. For over a decade, I have worked with a range of private clients and organizations. My years of experience has introduced me to clients and their families, experiencing highly diverse struggles including trauma, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, substance abuse, and more.
I work with clients facing challenges stemming from early-year adverse experiences, including Complex and Childhood Trauma (C-PTSD), Personality Disorders (BPD, NPD, etc.
In my view, psychotherapy isn’t about merely “fixing” things or using tools to solve "problems." The ultimate aim of psychotherapy is to bring about psychological change, which is beyond “What we do.” When working with clients, I don’t rush or effort to get somewhere. If we go too fast and try too hard to achieve something, we will miss things that potentially can bring us learning about ourselves and opportunities for change. I use the NeuroAffective Relational Model (NARM) as the primary framework, which allows us to slow things down, exploring your heart’s desire and obstacles in the way of connecting to yourself and others.
I work with clients facing challenges stemming from early-year adverse experiences, including Complex and Childhood Trauma (C-PTSD), Personality Disorders (BPD, NPD, etc.
In my view, psychotherapy isn’t about merely “fixing” things or using tools to solve "problems." The ultimate aim of psychotherapy is to bring about psychological change, which is beyond “What we do.” When working with clients, I don’t rush or effort to get somewhere. If we go too fast and try too hard to achieve something, we will miss things that potentially can bring us learning about ourselves and opportunities for change. I use the NeuroAffective Relational Model (NARM) as the primary framework, which allows us to slow things down, exploring your heart’s desire and obstacles in the way of connecting to yourself and others.
Third Wave Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, RP (Q), CCC, MEd
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M3M
At Third Wave Psychotherapy, we're dedicated to providing personalized and effective therapy for a wide range of mental health challenges. Our specialized expertise encompasses Trauma, Mood Disorders, Personality Disorders, ADHD, and Sexuality. No matter what you're facing, we're here to support you on your path to healing and growth. Your mental health journey is important, and you don't have to navigate it alone. Whether you're struggling with trauma, life transitions, relationship issues, or any other challenge, Third Wave Psychotherapy is here to help. Take the first step towards healing and schedule a consultation today.
At Third Wave Psychotherapy, we're dedicated to providing personalized and effective therapy for a wide range of mental health challenges. Our specialized expertise encompasses Trauma, Mood Disorders, Personality Disorders, ADHD, and Sexuality. No matter what you're facing, we're here to support you on your path to healing and growth. Your mental health journey is important, and you don't have to navigate it alone. Whether you're struggling with trauma, life transitions, relationship issues, or any other challenge, Third Wave Psychotherapy is here to help. Take the first step towards healing and schedule a consultation today.
At the Therapy Centre, Shankari provides individual, couple, and family therapy for adults. Her areas of interest and proficiency include diagnostic assessment and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive and bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, relationship difficulties, assertiveness, stress and burnout, anger management, and personality disorders. She has a particular interest in the treatment of PTSD, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, and the variety of individual and interpersonal sequelae of traumatic experiences.
At the Therapy Centre, Shankari provides individual, couple, and family therapy for adults. Her areas of interest and proficiency include diagnostic assessment and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive and bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, relationship difficulties, assertiveness, stress and burnout, anger management, and personality disorders. She has a particular interest in the treatment of PTSD, trauma- and stressor-related disorders, and the variety of individual and interpersonal sequelae of traumatic experiences.
I also help patients learn to cope with personality disorders, and difficulties with relationships, work, procrastination, identity and life adjustment, stress management, infertility, bereavement, self-esteem, and impulse control such as gambling and anger management.
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist registered with the College of Psychologist of Ontario. I have a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology and an M.A. in Counseling Psychology from the Adler School of Professional Psychology in Chicago. My clinical training is integrative, and includes a directive Cognitive Behavioral method, a more introspective Psychodynamic approach, as well as a holistic Mindfulness style. I incorporate various therapeutic modalities into my clinical practice in accordance with the individual needs of each patient. I am fluent in English and Greek. I currently conduct virtual therapy.
I also help patients learn to cope with personality disorders, and difficulties with relationships, work, procrastination, identity and life adjustment, stress management, infertility, bereavement, self-esteem, and impulse control such as gambling and anger management.
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist registered with the College of Psychologist of Ontario. I have a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology and an M.A. in Counseling Psychology from the Adler School of Professional Psychology in Chicago. My clinical training is integrative, and includes a directive Cognitive Behavioral method, a more introspective Psychodynamic approach, as well as a holistic Mindfulness style. I incorporate various therapeutic modalities into my clinical practice in accordance with the individual needs of each patient. I am fluent in English and Greek. I currently conduct virtual therapy.
Bella Pahlevan_ Emergence Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5V
Narcissistic abuse can lead to a variety of issues including diminished self-worth, codependency, PTSD, depression and anxiety.
If you experienced narcissistic abuse in your family, relationship or any other setting I understand how challenging it might be to heal the wounds, find your voice and self-esteem back. I believe that there's always a way to move forward and start to heal. What matters is that instead of giving up, you are seeking help and that means you are getting ready to use external and internal resources to move past what's causing you distress. I believe in providing a non-judgmental atmosphere where you feel safe to be yourself.
Narcissistic abuse can lead to a variety of issues including diminished self-worth, codependency, PTSD, depression and anxiety.
If you experienced narcissistic abuse in your family, relationship or any other setting I understand how challenging it might be to heal the wounds, find your voice and self-esteem back. I believe that there's always a way to move forward and start to heal. What matters is that instead of giving up, you are seeking help and that means you are getting ready to use external and internal resources to move past what's causing you distress. I believe in providing a non-judgmental atmosphere where you feel safe to be yourself.
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Bethany has experience working with individuals who have struggled with unexpected setbacks or challenges associated with relationship changes, family changes, loss and grief. Additionally, she has experience supporting individuals with neurodevelopmental traits/ diagnoses, such as ASD, ADHD, learning exceptionalities Gifted and LD. Bethany has experience supporting people with more complex emotional and behavioural difficulties such as anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicidal ideation, histories of developmental trauma, and those with diagnoses of mood and personality disorders, PTSD, and Complex PTSD.
Bethany has experience working with individuals who have struggled with unexpected setbacks or challenges associated with relationship changes, family changes, loss and grief. Additionally, she has experience supporting individuals with neurodevelopmental traits/ diagnoses, such as ASD, ADHD, learning exceptionalities Gifted and LD. Bethany has experience supporting people with more complex emotional and behavioural difficulties such as anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicidal ideation, histories of developmental trauma, and those with diagnoses of mood and personality disorders, PTSD, and Complex PTSD.
Dr. Tanaya Chatterjee Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyD, CPsych
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Online Only
Thank you for being here! I work with adults who may experience emotional and behavioural difficulties. I specialize in treating anxiety disorders, OCD, depressive disorders, personality disorders, PTSD, racial trauma, grief and loss, and other relational problems. I also work with those who have experienced childhood trauma. In my work, I consistently and sincerely acknowledge the importance of the transgenerational impact of acculturation on our beliefs, worldviews, and sense of self. I genuinely believe that we are not broken, so we do not need "fixing;" instead, we work to be the self we want to be!
Thank you for being here! I work with adults who may experience emotional and behavioural difficulties. I specialize in treating anxiety disorders, OCD, depressive disorders, personality disorders, PTSD, racial trauma, grief and loss, and other relational problems. I also work with those who have experienced childhood trauma. In my work, I consistently and sincerely acknowledge the importance of the transgenerational impact of acculturation on our beliefs, worldviews, and sense of self. I genuinely believe that we are not broken, so we do not need "fixing;" instead, we work to be the self we want to be!
Are you feeling overwhelmed by a difficult situation in your life? You don't feel like your usual self or may be going through change or loss that has impacted you in unexpected ways. I’m a trauma specialist focusing on depression, anxiety, grief, and building healthy relationships to self and others. I also offer specialized support for those impacted by narcissistic abuse. I will help you shift out of negative thinking patterns and limiting beliefs about yourself. You'll begin to understand the connections between your thoughts, emotions and actions, and be supported to live life fully, aligned to your highest values.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by a difficult situation in your life? You don't feel like your usual self or may be going through change or loss that has impacted you in unexpected ways. I’m a trauma specialist focusing on depression, anxiety, grief, and building healthy relationships to self and others. I also offer specialized support for those impacted by narcissistic abuse. I will help you shift out of negative thinking patterns and limiting beliefs about yourself. You'll begin to understand the connections between your thoughts, emotions and actions, and be supported to live life fully, aligned to your highest values.
Psychotherapy & Relationships, Anne Marie Shewfelt
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, RMFT
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6S
Area of Focus: Relationships, Couples, Family, Emotionally Focused, Communication and Conflict, Attachment Injuries, Separation and Divorce, Parental Alienation, Self Esteem, Perfectionism, OCD, Anxiety, Depression, Eating Disorders, Grief, Death, ADHD, Learning Disabilities, Bullying, Workplace Stress, Personality Disorders, Chronic Health Issues, etc.
As a Registered Psychotherapist, and Marriage & Family Therapist, I work with individuals, couples and families. I offer an emotionally safe, non-judgmental and relational approach for my clients to share the content of their stories, circumstances, and life experiences. I have worked with a wide range of clients within the realms of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and relational issues, however at the root of nearly all presenting problems is the emotional impact of a relationship. My specialty in relationships enables me to work confidently, and effectively with my clients regardless of their identified issue.
Area of Focus: Relationships, Couples, Family, Emotionally Focused, Communication and Conflict, Attachment Injuries, Separation and Divorce, Parental Alienation, Self Esteem, Perfectionism, OCD, Anxiety, Depression, Eating Disorders, Grief, Death, ADHD, Learning Disabilities, Bullying, Workplace Stress, Personality Disorders, Chronic Health Issues, etc.
As a Registered Psychotherapist, and Marriage & Family Therapist, I work with individuals, couples and families. I offer an emotionally safe, non-judgmental and relational approach for my clients to share the content of their stories, circumstances, and life experiences. I have worked with a wide range of clients within the realms of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and relational issues, however at the root of nearly all presenting problems is the emotional impact of a relationship. My specialty in relationships enables me to work confidently, and effectively with my clients regardless of their identified issue.
Dan De Figueiredo Psychotherapy Services
Registered Social Worker, BA, BAA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5C
My aim in therapy is to help clients reduce and eliminate symptoms of depression, anxiety, panic, OCD, emotion dysregulation, trauma, addictions, loss, personality disorders, as well as the complex ups and downs that sometimes emerge in life.
How you connect with your therapist will be the most important factor in determining how you make progress in therapy. This bond and comfort to share personal information should start to build from the first meeting. With that in mind, I will provide a supportive, non-judgemental environment from which you can explore what is important to you. I have extensive training and experience (12 years counsellor; 9 years social worker, in hospitals, community settings and private practice) providing effective treatment for adult individuals, couples, groups, and supervising other therapists.
My aim in therapy is to help clients reduce and eliminate symptoms of depression, anxiety, panic, OCD, emotion dysregulation, trauma, addictions, loss, personality disorders, as well as the complex ups and downs that sometimes emerge in life.
How you connect with your therapist will be the most important factor in determining how you make progress in therapy. This bond and comfort to share personal information should start to build from the first meeting. With that in mind, I will provide a supportive, non-judgemental environment from which you can explore what is important to you. I have extensive training and experience (12 years counsellor; 9 years social worker, in hospitals, community settings and private practice) providing effective treatment for adult individuals, couples, groups, and supervising other therapists.
I also work with family conflict, aging and death, and bipolar and personality disorders.
Do you feel like your thoughts and feelings are closing in on you? Having trouble seeing past your problems? Life can bring suffering, but you don't have to do it alone. Experience expertise and care to guide you to your well-being and purpose. Cross-certified as both a psychotherapist and specialist in spiritual care, I have a multifaceted approach which combines therapy and behavioral coaching. There is hope and meaning to be found after difficult changes. Benefit from my gentle but powerful approach that has helped hundreds of people find peace and real growth. Life is meant to be lived, and you have infinite possibilities.
I also work with family conflict, aging and death, and bipolar and personality disorders.
Do you feel like your thoughts and feelings are closing in on you? Having trouble seeing past your problems? Life can bring suffering, but you don't have to do it alone. Experience expertise and care to guide you to your well-being and purpose. Cross-certified as both a psychotherapist and specialist in spiritual care, I have a multifaceted approach which combines therapy and behavioral coaching. There is hope and meaning to be found after difficult changes. Benefit from my gentle but powerful approach that has helped hundreds of people find peace and real growth. Life is meant to be lived, and you have infinite possibilities.
I specialize in working with individuals facing complex mental health issues, personality disorders, and challenges related to emotional regulation. My background includes both clinical and research experience at various universities, hospitals and community organizations across the Toronto area. Many of my clients share that they feel more at ease, less fearful, enjoy improved relationships, and experience heightened life satisfaction by the conclusion of our therapy sessions.
I specialize in working with individuals facing complex mental health issues, personality disorders, and challenges related to emotional regulation. My background includes both clinical and research experience at various universities, hospitals and community organizations across the Toronto area. Many of my clients share that they feel more at ease, less fearful, enjoy improved relationships, and experience heightened life satisfaction by the conclusion of our therapy sessions.
graduate in Counselling-Clinical Psychology from The University of Toronto providing psychotherapy to individuals & couples living with trauma, grief, personality disorders, anxiety, and depression.
Navigating the different pathways of life can be challenging, and often, no one understands your story, and you may feel lost in figuring things out on your own. I am here to SUPPORT you because you haven't come this far to stay stuck here! Like Michael Jordan, "Obstacles do not have to stop you. You don't turn around and give up if you run into a wall. You figure out how to climb, go through, or work around it." As an experienced therapist, I can challenge you to become the best version of yourself by creating a customized treatment plan to help you achieve optimal mental health. I am accepting NEW Clients (individuals & couples).
graduate in Counselling-Clinical Psychology from The University of Toronto providing psychotherapy to individuals & couples living with trauma, grief, personality disorders, anxiety, and depression.
Navigating the different pathways of life can be challenging, and often, no one understands your story, and you may feel lost in figuring things out on your own. I am here to SUPPORT you because you haven't come this far to stay stuck here! Like Michael Jordan, "Obstacles do not have to stop you. You don't turn around and give up if you run into a wall. You figure out how to climb, go through, or work around it." As an experienced therapist, I can challenge you to become the best version of yourself by creating a customized treatment plan to help you achieve optimal mental health. I am accepting NEW Clients (individuals & couples).
Centre for Mind Body Psychotherapy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
We believe in the power of holistic healing. We understand deep healing often requires more than traditional talk therapy. Our integrative approach supports individuals, couples, and children/adolescents facing PTSD & trauma, personality disorders, anxiety, depression, addiction, relationship distress, grief & loss, illness & chronic pain, loss of purpose & more. Our evidence-based mind body therapies support psychological, emotional, physical, neurobiological and relational well-being, helping you achieve deep and lasting change. Also, clinical supervision is available
We believe in the power of holistic healing. We understand deep healing often requires more than traditional talk therapy. Our integrative approach supports individuals, couples, and children/adolescents facing PTSD & trauma, personality disorders, anxiety, depression, addiction, relationship distress, grief & loss, illness & chronic pain, loss of purpose & more. Our evidence-based mind body therapies support psychological, emotional, physical, neurobiological and relational well-being, helping you achieve deep and lasting change. Also, clinical supervision is available
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Personality Disorders Counsellors
What are the common treatment options for personality disorders?
Personality disorders are typically treated with psychotherapy, sometimes in conjunction with medication. Therapy can help people with personality disorders develop skills to tolerate difficult emotions, navigate interpersonal relationships, and solidify their sense of self. Medications can treat symptoms that co-occur with the disorder, such as depression, anger, aggression, and impulsivity.
When to seek treatment for personality disorders?
Even though treatment for personality disorders can be an uphill battle, it’s best to seek help if you suspect that you or a loved one is struggling with one, because personality disorders can create substantial problems in life. Symptoms depend on the specific disorder, but overall signs of personality disorders include consistent difficulty maintaining close relationships, dramatic variations in self-esteem, and an unstable sense of identity.
How long does therapy take for personality disorders?
The timeline for treating personality disorders isn’t as clear-cut as it is for other disorders. Change can be difficult, taking from around one year to five, 10, or more. The key is finding a therapist who has extensive experience treating the relevant disorder. For example, a psychologist who specialises in narcissistic personality disorder has specific communication strategies that allow them to sustain the relationship and be more effective with narcissistic patients.
Can therapy help people with personality disorders?
Research suggests that for those who are motivated to address concerns or interpersonal conflict related to a personality disorder, therapy is far more effective than no treatment, and that most people in therapy see improvements. However, since personality disorders involve entrenched elements of identity, they are less responsive to treatment than are other mental health conditions. Finding an expert who has extensive experience working with a given personality disorder is one factor that increases the likelihood of successful treatment.