Therapists in Saint Catharines, ON

Photo of Reuben Howlett - Reuben Howlett - Restful Healing Psychotherapy, Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, MAPSYC
Reuben Howlett - Restful Healing Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, MAPSYC
14 Endorsed
Online Only
Accepting New Clients! I am a leader in relationship/relational challenges and healing (using attachment theory) with individuals and couples. An expert in treating insomnia and poor sleep with quick results (2-6 sessions) for most clients. Beyond that I treat struggles of self-esteem/self-worth, neurozestiness, burnout, life transitions, mood issues and other challenges. With lengthy career experience in palliative care I also work therapeutically with grief, loss and caregiver burnout. I am frightfully clever, and often help make significant breakthroughs where clients have been stuck (including with other therapists) before!
Accepting New Clients! I am a leader in relationship/relational challenges and healing (using attachment theory) with individuals and couples. An expert in treating insomnia and poor sleep with quick results (2-6 sessions) for most clients. Beyond that I treat struggles of self-esteem/self-worth, neurozestiness, burnout, life transitions, mood issues and other challenges. With lengthy career experience in palliative care I also work therapeutically with grief, loss and caregiver burnout. I am frightfully clever, and often help make significant breakthroughs where clients have been stuck (including with other therapists) before!
(289) 274-8416 View (289) 274-8416
Photo of Lily Repa, Psychologist, PsyD
Lily Repa
Psychologist, PsyD
Not accepting new clients
I offer integrative, evidenced-based interventions primarily informed by cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for the treatment of a variety of mental health and wellness concerns. I work with patients with mood disorders, insomnia, issues of emotion regulation, life stressors and transitions, and relationship conflict. I also have particular experience and passion for treating anxiety, OCD, and related disorders.
I offer integrative, evidenced-based interventions primarily informed by cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for the treatment of a variety of mental health and wellness concerns. I work with patients with mood disorders, insomnia, issues of emotion regulation, life stressors and transitions, and relationship conflict. I also have particular experience and passion for treating anxiety, OCD, and related disorders.
(289) 207-0472 View (289) 207-0472
Photo of Jonathan Di Santo, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Jonathan Di Santo
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
1 Endorsed
Hello! Thank you for taking the time and exploring the possible next steps of your counselling journey. It is important to know you're not doing this on your own. My primary work has been supporting individuals who have experienced trauma of a variety of ages. I work at ATTCH Niagara and Lori Gill Psychotherapy which specializes in trauma treatment using our clinical director Lori Gill's (RP) modality, the Integrative Trauma and Attachment Treatment Model (ITATM). I also enjoy working through the lens of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), among others.
Hello! Thank you for taking the time and exploring the possible next steps of your counselling journey. It is important to know you're not doing this on your own. My primary work has been supporting individuals who have experienced trauma of a variety of ages. I work at ATTCH Niagara and Lori Gill Psychotherapy which specializes in trauma treatment using our clinical director Lori Gill's (RP) modality, the Integrative Trauma and Attachment Treatment Model (ITATM). I also enjoy working through the lens of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), among others.
(289) 677-1637 View (289) 677-1637
Photo of Taylor Thompson, Registered Psychotherapist, MSc, RP
Taylor Thompson
Registered Psychotherapist, MSc, RP
1 Endorsed
You or your child may be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or not quite like yourselves. Maybe emotions feel too big, worries won’t shut off, or life just feels harder than it should. For kids this might look like school stress, anxiety, or big reactions. For adults it can show up as anxiety, low mood, grief, or feeling “off.” At the heart of it, you’re wanting to feel calmer, more confident, and understood.
You or your child may be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or not quite like yourselves. Maybe emotions feel too big, worries won’t shut off, or life just feels harder than it should. For kids this might look like school stress, anxiety, or big reactions. For adults it can show up as anxiety, low mood, grief, or feeling “off.” At the heart of it, you’re wanting to feel calmer, more confident, and understood.
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Photo of Nicole Kenny, Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP
Nicole Kenny
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP
Not accepting new clients
Nicole Kenny is a Registered Psychotherapist who supports adults navigating the effects of trauma, anxiety, depression, and ongoing stress. Many of the individuals she works with feel stuck, disconnected, emotionally overwhelmed, or unsure why certain patterns keep repeating. They may be functioning on the outside while feeling depleted inside. Nicole offers a compassionate, grounding presence and works collaboratively at a pace that feels safe and respectful, helping clients build insight, steadiness, and meaningful, lasting change.
Nicole Kenny is a Registered Psychotherapist who supports adults navigating the effects of trauma, anxiety, depression, and ongoing stress. Many of the individuals she works with feel stuck, disconnected, emotionally overwhelmed, or unsure why certain patterns keep repeating. They may be functioning on the outside while feeling depleted inside. Nicole offers a compassionate, grounding presence and works collaboratively at a pace that feels safe and respectful, helping clients build insight, steadiness, and meaningful, lasting change.
(905) 685-5458 View (905) 685-5458
Photo of Emily Barrett, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Emily Barrett
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
5 Endorsed
On the surface, you are the one who has it all together, but you know deep down that something has to change. You feel burnt out from constantly accommodating other people, and ignoring your own needs. You feel anxious, overwhelmed, and exhausted from keeping your emotions bottled up. You are tired of trying so hard and getting so little in return. Feelings of unworthiness, shame, and fear are holding you back from becoming the kind of person you have always wanted to be.
On the surface, you are the one who has it all together, but you know deep down that something has to change. You feel burnt out from constantly accommodating other people, and ignoring your own needs. You feel anxious, overwhelmed, and exhausted from keeping your emotions bottled up. You are tired of trying so hard and getting so little in return. Feelings of unworthiness, shame, and fear are holding you back from becoming the kind of person you have always wanted to be.
(289) 207-8010 View (289) 207-8010
Photo of Brooke Caruk, Registered Psychotherapist, MA, CTIC
Brooke Caruk
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, CTIC
3 Endorsed
If you’re an individual or couple navigating trauma, infertility, loss, or the transition into parenthood, you may be carrying pain while trying to keep everything else together. The effects of past trauma, grief, or infertility can linger in your body, mind, and relationships. I work with clients who are ready to move beyond just surviving and into true healing and resilience.
If you’re an individual or couple navigating trauma, infertility, loss, or the transition into parenthood, you may be carrying pain while trying to keep everything else together. The effects of past trauma, grief, or infertility can linger in your body, mind, and relationships. I work with clients who are ready to move beyond just surviving and into true healing and resilience.
(289) 275-9427 View (289) 275-9427
Photo of Maryann Tries, Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Maryann Tries
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
4 Endorsed
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes events and relational experiences from earlier parts of our life can impact our present in ways that may be outside our conscious awareness. Our work together is to help you make meaning out of these experiences and explore thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that may still be impacting on an unconscious level and keeping you from reaching your goals.
Sometimes events and relational experiences from earlier parts of our life can impact our present in ways that may be outside our conscious awareness. Our work together is to help you make meaning out of these experiences and explore thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that may still be impacting on an unconscious level and keeping you from reaching your goals.
(289) 301-8231 View (289) 301-8231
Photo of Christina Forde - Christina Forde Psychotherapy, Registered Psychotherapist, BRLS, MDiv, RP
Christina Forde Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, BRLS, MDiv, RP
Online Only
Welcome! Are you looking for a safe space to grow into a healthier version of yourself? Do you feel like you’ve hit a turning point where you know things can’t stay the same? Are you feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges? Are you experiencing disconnection in your relationships? If this sounds like you, there is hope to see long-lasting change. If you want life to be different, compassionate support is available. I help people feeling stuck in their life move towards freedom. I work with individuals looking to create a peaceful and purposeful future. Together we can explore new perspectives and make progress towards your goals.
Welcome! Are you looking for a safe space to grow into a healthier version of yourself? Do you feel like you’ve hit a turning point where you know things can’t stay the same? Are you feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges? Are you experiencing disconnection in your relationships? If this sounds like you, there is hope to see long-lasting change. If you want life to be different, compassionate support is available. I help people feeling stuck in their life move towards freedom. I work with individuals looking to create a peaceful and purposeful future. Together we can explore new perspectives and make progress towards your goals.
(365) 363-6812 View (365) 363-6812
Photo of Julietta Ferrara, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA
Julietta Ferrara
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA
If you are struggling with feeling anxious, overwhelmed, disconnected, and stuck in patterns that no longer serve you, you aren't alone. As a trauma-informed clinician, I offer a compassionate, steady presence and a space where healing happens at your pace. Together, we work toward understanding your experiences and relationships and reclaiming a sense of safety, connection, and personal empowerment. I approach therapy as a collaboration as we work together to find your peace.
If you are struggling with feeling anxious, overwhelmed, disconnected, and stuck in patterns that no longer serve you, you aren't alone. As a trauma-informed clinician, I offer a compassionate, steady presence and a space where healing happens at your pace. Together, we work toward understanding your experiences and relationships and reclaiming a sense of safety, connection, and personal empowerment. I approach therapy as a collaboration as we work together to find your peace.
(289) 207-6274 View (289) 207-6274
Photo of Kerri Michalica, Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, RP, GIT Dip, GTT
Kerri Michalica
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, RP, GIT Dip, GTT
2 Endorsed
Therapy is a journey back to our own wisdom, and to our physical bodies. Sometimes we can become overwhelmed with emotions, anxiety, and with life. Using a compassionate, relational approach, I can help bring you back in touch with the various parts of yourself, to see what is stuck and what has to fade in order to find your authentic self. I see clients who are feeling depressed, overwhelmed, anxious, or are having difficulties resolving trauma, grief or relationship issues. I have extensive experience in helping those with spiritual / existential / creative issues, psychedelic integration, and with misunderstood health issues.
Therapy is a journey back to our own wisdom, and to our physical bodies. Sometimes we can become overwhelmed with emotions, anxiety, and with life. Using a compassionate, relational approach, I can help bring you back in touch with the various parts of yourself, to see what is stuck and what has to fade in order to find your authentic self. I see clients who are feeling depressed, overwhelmed, anxious, or are having difficulties resolving trauma, grief or relationship issues. I have extensive experience in helping those with spiritual / existential / creative issues, psychedelic integration, and with misunderstood health issues.
(289) 272-7443 View (289) 272-7443
Photo of Andrew McCartney, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA, MACP
Andrew McCartney
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA, MACP
Life can feel overwhelming at times, whether you’re navigating addiction, managing anxiety or depression, or working through the unique challenges of being neurodiverse or living with a learning disability. You don’t have to go through it alone. I offer a supportive and collaborative space where you can feel safe to explore your struggles, build new skills, and move toward the life you want.
Life can feel overwhelming at times, whether you’re navigating addiction, managing anxiety or depression, or working through the unique challenges of being neurodiverse or living with a learning disability. You don’t have to go through it alone. I offer a supportive and collaborative space where you can feel safe to explore your struggles, build new skills, and move toward the life you want.
(289) 803-9509 View (289) 803-9509
Photo of Olivia Bullock - Connecting the Roots Psychotherapy, Registered Psychotherapist, MACP
Connecting the Roots Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP
Connecting the Roots to grow a more resilient future. At Connecting the Roots Psychotherapy, we focus on foundational healing in order to grow a more resilient future. We get to the ‘root’ of the problem, rather than just addressing the symptoms. We are dedicated to helping you to achieve lasting personal growth and emotional well-being. Our goal is to equip you with the self-awareness, coping skills, and inner resilience needed to address life’s challenges from a place of strength.
Connecting the Roots to grow a more resilient future. At Connecting the Roots Psychotherapy, we focus on foundational healing in order to grow a more resilient future. We get to the ‘root’ of the problem, rather than just addressing the symptoms. We are dedicated to helping you to achieve lasting personal growth and emotional well-being. Our goal is to equip you with the self-awareness, coping skills, and inner resilience needed to address life’s challenges from a place of strength.
(365) 536-0647 View (365) 536-0647
Photo of Adel Bella Selby, Registered Psychotherapist, BA, MA
Adel Bella Selby
Registered Psychotherapist, BA, MA
4 Endorsed
I work with individuals who feel overwhelmed by anxiety, self-doubt, or the lasting effects of past experiences. These struggles often show up as negative thoughts, constant worry, or emotional disconnection. My goal is to help you feel more grounded, hopeful, and in tune with yourself. Therapy with me is a collaborative process of reflection, healing, and growth. You don’t have to stay trapped in old thought patterns or overwhelmed by your past. With the right support, meaningful change is possible—and I’m here to walk alongside you as you move toward a more grounded, fulfilling life.
I work with individuals who feel overwhelmed by anxiety, self-doubt, or the lasting effects of past experiences. These struggles often show up as negative thoughts, constant worry, or emotional disconnection. My goal is to help you feel more grounded, hopeful, and in tune with yourself. Therapy with me is a collaborative process of reflection, healing, and growth. You don’t have to stay trapped in old thought patterns or overwhelmed by your past. With the right support, meaningful change is possible—and I’m here to walk alongside you as you move toward a more grounded, fulfilling life.
(365) 656-0735 View (365) 656-0735
Photo of Stacey Stemplowski, Registered Psychotherapist, BA, MA, RP, OAMHP, CCPA
Stacey Stemplowski
Registered Psychotherapist, BA, MA, RP, OAMHP, CCPA
Stacey is a Registered Psychotherapist and Clinical Supervisor. Stacey is here to support any individual searching for change, wanting a piece of the puzzle to be different somehow. Whether you are experiencing a shift in emotions or experiences, a little assistance goes a long way. Stacey is currently accepting new professionals for comprehensive clinical supervision. Most importantly, this journey is about you!
Stacey is a Registered Psychotherapist and Clinical Supervisor. Stacey is here to support any individual searching for change, wanting a piece of the puzzle to be different somehow. Whether you are experiencing a shift in emotions or experiences, a little assistance goes a long way. Stacey is currently accepting new professionals for comprehensive clinical supervision. Most importantly, this journey is about you!
(905) 685-5458 View (905) 685-5458
Photo of Anna Nelson - Stone to Bloom Counselling, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Stone to Bloom Counselling
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
5 Endorsed
Online Only
You’re holding so much together, work, family, relationships, and still wondering why you feel overwhelmed, anxious, or disconnected. Maybe you’re the one everyone turns to, but lately, you don’t know who’s supporting you. Maybe you’re in a relationship that feels stuck, or parenting feels heavier than it should. You’re not alone. And more importantly, this doesn’t have to be your forever story.
You’re holding so much together, work, family, relationships, and still wondering why you feel overwhelmed, anxious, or disconnected. Maybe you’re the one everyone turns to, but lately, you don’t know who’s supporting you. Maybe you’re in a relationship that feels stuck, or parenting feels heavier than it should. You’re not alone. And more importantly, this doesn’t have to be your forever story.
(289) 276-1618 View (289) 276-1618
Photo of Rory Nicol - The Dot St. Catherines, Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, MSW
The Dot St. Catherines
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, MSW
Online Only
It's not just you, life HAS gotten harder in the last few years. If you've been powering through, staying strong and carrying on, but now you're barely getting by and you're tired of feeling like you're not really living your life, it might be time for outside support. The benefit of therapy is that it's a time where you get to focus on yourself, to look at your life, and to get an outside perspective on how it could be different. You don't have to just endure, with the right support, you can heal from the past, and move forward towards a better future.
It's not just you, life HAS gotten harder in the last few years. If you've been powering through, staying strong and carrying on, but now you're barely getting by and you're tired of feeling like you're not really living your life, it might be time for outside support. The benefit of therapy is that it's a time where you get to focus on yourself, to look at your life, and to get an outside perspective on how it could be different. You don't have to just endure, with the right support, you can heal from the past, and move forward towards a better future.
(249) 488-1297 View (249) 488-1297
Photo of Katherine Castello, Registered Social Worker, IFS L3, EMDR, DBR, CSAT, CPTT
Katherine Castello
Registered Social Worker, IFS L3, EMDR, DBR, CSAT, CPTT
1 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
Are you ready to break free from the past and begin your journey to healing? At The Niagara Centre for Healing & Recovery, we believe that true transformation comes from understanding and integrating every part of yourself. Whether you're grappling with symptoms of complex trauma, struggling with sex addiction, or navigating the aftermath of betrayal trauma, you don’t have to walk this path alone. I’m Katherine Castello, and as a Certified IFS Therapist (Level 3) and Certified Sex Addiction/Partner Trauma Therapist my goal is to create an environment that reduces shame and increases emotional safety.
Are you ready to break free from the past and begin your journey to healing? At The Niagara Centre for Healing & Recovery, we believe that true transformation comes from understanding and integrating every part of yourself. Whether you're grappling with symptoms of complex trauma, struggling with sex addiction, or navigating the aftermath of betrayal trauma, you don’t have to walk this path alone. I’m Katherine Castello, and as a Certified IFS Therapist (Level 3) and Certified Sex Addiction/Partner Trauma Therapist my goal is to create an environment that reduces shame and increases emotional safety.
(289) 902-6676 View (289) 902-6676
Photo of Rachel Riediger, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA, MA
Rachel Riediger
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA, MA
2 Endorsed
Do you ever feel like you’re constantly “on,” doing everything you’re supposed to, but still feeling anxious, disconnected, or unsure who you really are? Maybe you overthink, put other people’s needs first, or feel stuck in patterns that don’t fit anymore. You might be asking yourself, Who am I now? What do I actually want? You just want to feel calmer, more like yourself, and confident in the direction you’re going.
Do you ever feel like you’re constantly “on,” doing everything you’re supposed to, but still feeling anxious, disconnected, or unsure who you really are? Maybe you overthink, put other people’s needs first, or feel stuck in patterns that don’t fit anymore. You might be asking yourself, Who am I now? What do I actually want? You just want to feel calmer, more like yourself, and confident in the direction you’re going.
(365) 617-2014 View (365) 617-2014
Photo of Dawn Shickluna, Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, MA, MEd, RP, CCC
Dawn Shickluna
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, MA, MEd, RP, CCC
1 Endorsed
Are you struggling in your relationships? Feeling stuck repeating old patterns, or wanting to be more connected. In couples and sex therapy, I offer a safe, inclusive, compassionate space to help you through these stressors & challenges, and find peace within yourself and your relationships. My therapeutic approach is rooted in Attachment Theory and the modalities of Relational Life Therapy (RLT), Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), Somatic therapy.
Are you struggling in your relationships? Feeling stuck repeating old patterns, or wanting to be more connected. In couples and sex therapy, I offer a safe, inclusive, compassionate space to help you through these stressors & challenges, and find peace within yourself and your relationships. My therapeutic approach is rooted in Attachment Theory and the modalities of Relational Life Therapy (RLT), Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), Somatic therapy.
(289) 512-0925 View (289) 512-0925

See more therapy options for Saint Catharines

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Saint Catharines, ON

300+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Saint Catharines, ON who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Stress
77% Relationship Issues
76% Coping Skills
76% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Green Shield Canada
61% Manulife
57% SunLife

How Counsellors in Saint Catharines, ON see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
14% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Catharines?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.