Therapists in Ottawa, ON

Photo of Aya Abdulkarim, MSc, RP (Q), Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Aya Abdulkarim
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MSc, RP (Q)
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K1H
I completed a Master of Science in Neuroscience and Mental Health from King's College London, and am completing my practicum hours at Yorkville University's MACP program. Understanding the neurobiology of mental health provides a different perspective to my clients. Through that, I can provide multifaceted services to my clients to help engage both physiological and psychological understanding of their mental health. Knowledge is power, and by gaining our power, we begin to heal.
I completed a Master of Science in Neuroscience and Mental Health from King's College London, and am completing my practicum hours at Yorkville University's MACP program. Understanding the neurobiology of mental health provides a different perspective to my clients. Through that, I can provide multifaceted services to my clients to help engage both physiological and psychological understanding of their mental health. Knowledge is power, and by gaining our power, we begin to heal.
(343) 501-2996 View (343) 501-2996
Photo of Danica Kaplan, BScN, RN
Danica Kaplan
BScN, RN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K1R
If you are 14+ experiencing anxiety, depression, and/or big life changes and are seeking actual lasting and holistic change from someone with a nursing background, then we might be a good fit! As a nurse psychotherapist, I bring my nursing experience and provide a holistic approach to psychotherapy including focus on the needs of the mind and body together through a Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Somatic Therapy approach. I am passionate about finding individualized interventions and strategies to the client that provide actual lasting change.
If you are 14+ experiencing anxiety, depression, and/or big life changes and are seeking actual lasting and holistic change from someone with a nursing background, then we might be a good fit! As a nurse psychotherapist, I bring my nursing experience and provide a holistic approach to psychotherapy including focus on the needs of the mind and body together through a Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Somatic Therapy approach. I am passionate about finding individualized interventions and strategies to the client that provide actual lasting change.
(343) 313-0923 View (343) 313-0923
Photo of Laurinda Cheng, MEd, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Laurinda Cheng
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, RP
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe it takes great courage to explore our experiences, confront our problems, and dare to change our way of approaching the world. I aim to provide a warm, non-judgemental space where we can deeply engage with the issues you have brought to therapy. I am based in Ottawa providing individual counselling/psychotherapy services virtually in English to individuals 18 years of age and older in Ontario. I welcome clients of all backgrounds. I am allied to the BIPOC, LGBTQ, non-monogamous, and kink communities. I am also a provider for the Non-Insured Health Benefits (NIHB) Program for First Nations and Inuit.
I believe it takes great courage to explore our experiences, confront our problems, and dare to change our way of approaching the world. I aim to provide a warm, non-judgemental space where we can deeply engage with the issues you have brought to therapy. I am based in Ottawa providing individual counselling/psychotherapy services virtually in English to individuals 18 years of age and older in Ontario. I welcome clients of all backgrounds. I am allied to the BIPOC, LGBTQ, non-monogamous, and kink communities. I am also a provider for the Non-Insured Health Benefits (NIHB) Program for First Nations and Inuit.
(613) 801-8374 View (613) 801-8374
Photo of Michele Holwell, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Michele Holwell
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Do you worry about mental health and wellbeing, interpersonal relationships, or family issues? Perhaps workplace or school challenges are affecting your personal wellbeing. Are you dealing with grief and loss? Maybe you or your family member is coping with illness, chronic health issues, or caregiver stress that has become overwhelming. I am a social worker with knowledge of health care and family and life transitions issues, who works with individuals of all ages.
Do you worry about mental health and wellbeing, interpersonal relationships, or family issues? Perhaps workplace or school challenges are affecting your personal wellbeing. Are you dealing with grief and loss? Maybe you or your family member is coping with illness, chronic health issues, or caregiver stress that has become overwhelming. I am a social worker with knowledge of health care and family and life transitions issues, who works with individuals of all ages.
(343) 429-5350 View (343) 429-5350
Photo of Fiona MacDonell, MA, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Fiona MacDonell
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K2P
Everyone encounters periods in their life that challenge their ability to cope and, as such, people come to therapy for a number of different reasons. My aim is to create a safe and supportive environment where my clients can comfortably explore the issues in their lives that are causing them difficulty. I approach therapy in a holistic way, recognizing the complex and diverse facets of one's life. I am open-minded and maintain a person-focused lens, recognizing the effects that one's socialization can have on their sense of self and way of being in the world.
Everyone encounters periods in their life that challenge their ability to cope and, as such, people come to therapy for a number of different reasons. My aim is to create a safe and supportive environment where my clients can comfortably explore the issues in their lives that are causing them difficulty. I approach therapy in a holistic way, recognizing the complex and diverse facets of one's life. I am open-minded and maintain a person-focused lens, recognizing the effects that one's socialization can have on their sense of self and way of being in the world.
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Photo of Kyera Lamoureux, MA, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Kyera Lamoureux
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
As a deeply empathic and experienced therapist, I seek to provide a safe and authentic space for clients to explore areas of distress and concern to them. Collaboration is of utmost importance to me as I seek to tailor the psychotherapeutic process to what will best suit the goals and needs of my clients.
As a deeply empathic and experienced therapist, I seek to provide a safe and authentic space for clients to explore areas of distress and concern to them. Collaboration is of utmost importance to me as I seek to tailor the psychotherapeutic process to what will best suit the goals and needs of my clients.
(613) 707-4480 View (613) 707-4480
Photo of Clark Hinschberger, MA, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Clark Hinschberger
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K2P
It’s incredible how much we can grow once we accept ourselves for who we truly are. I aim to help you better understand yourself, feel heard and accepted, and work together to define a path that aligns with what matters most to you. As a psychotherapist based in Ottawa, I offer psychotherapy to individuals both in-person and online, helping you explore what's getting in the way of your mental health. I also have a passion for working with queer and 2SLGBTQ+ individuals, providing a safe and empathetic environment for those in the community.
It’s incredible how much we can grow once we accept ourselves for who we truly are. I aim to help you better understand yourself, feel heard and accepted, and work together to define a path that aligns with what matters most to you. As a psychotherapist based in Ottawa, I offer psychotherapy to individuals both in-person and online, helping you explore what's getting in the way of your mental health. I also have a passion for working with queer and 2SLGBTQ+ individuals, providing a safe and empathetic environment for those in the community.
(343) 341-2356 View (343) 341-2356
Photo of Dr. Lauren Steinhart, PsyD, CPsych, Psychologist
Dr. Lauren Steinhart
Psychologist, PsyD, CPsych
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Online Only
We help you regain control of your emotions affected by the aftermath of trauma or the burdens of anxiety. With personalized therapy, you can break free from living in the past or worrying about the future. We are a team of experienced therapists (psychologists, social workers, psychotherapists) who use therapies that work. We know how hard it can be to reach out for help, so we are here to make it easy. We have experts with specialties in treating PTSD, OCD, anxiety, depression, and ADHD.
We help you regain control of your emotions affected by the aftermath of trauma or the burdens of anxiety. With personalized therapy, you can break free from living in the past or worrying about the future. We are a team of experienced therapists (psychologists, social workers, psychotherapists) who use therapies that work. We know how hard it can be to reach out for help, so we are here to make it easy. We have experts with specialties in treating PTSD, OCD, anxiety, depression, and ADHD.
(343) 353-1564 View (343) 353-1564
Photo of Elisabeth Foreman, MEd, Registered Psychotherapist
Elisabeth Foreman
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K1S
Not accepting new clients
Please note that I am currently away on maternity leave until Summer 2025. I will provide empathic listening while helping you explore your feelings and concerns at a pace that is right for you. Speaking to a therapist often makes us feel vulnerable. It is important for me that you feel safe and heard in our sessions so that we can build a therapeutic relationship that promotes growth. Together we can establish goals, unpack your strengths, and develop greater self-compassion with the aim of fostering positive change.
Please note that I am currently away on maternity leave until Summer 2025. I will provide empathic listening while helping you explore your feelings and concerns at a pace that is right for you. Speaking to a therapist often makes us feel vulnerable. It is important for me that you feel safe and heard in our sessions so that we can build a therapeutic relationship that promotes growth. Together we can establish goals, unpack your strengths, and develop greater self-compassion with the aim of fostering positive change.
(873) 300-2725 View (873) 300-2725
Photo of Kirstine Postma, Psychologist
Kirstine Postma
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K2C
As a therapist, I look to develop a collaborative working relationship with my clients, focusing on teaching skills of living as appropriate to life circumstances and presenting difficulties. I specialise in the treatment of PTSD and its consequences, but also see many clients with depression & anxiety without a history of trauma. I provide diagnostic assessment, including comprehensive assessment of adult ADHD, and offer psychological assessment of personality and personality disorders. If done in conjunction with a specific diagnostic assessment, this may enhance understanding of the diagnoses and how those affect your life.
As a therapist, I look to develop a collaborative working relationship with my clients, focusing on teaching skills of living as appropriate to life circumstances and presenting difficulties. I specialise in the treatment of PTSD and its consequences, but also see many clients with depression & anxiety without a history of trauma. I provide diagnostic assessment, including comprehensive assessment of adult ADHD, and offer psychological assessment of personality and personality disorders. If done in conjunction with a specific diagnostic assessment, this may enhance understanding of the diagnoses and how those affect your life.
(613) 704-0260 View (613) 704-0260
Photo of Jacklyn St Laurent - Myrtha Counselling, RP,  , Registered Psychotherapist
Myrtha Counselling
Registered Psychotherapist, RP,
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K1K
I have been passionate about developing a safe space where people can begin their healing process. My clinical background has been inspired by my ancestors’ history. In my antiracist interventions, I use a holistic and spiritual lens, as well as a relational approach.
I have been passionate about developing a safe space where people can begin their healing process. My clinical background has been inspired by my ancestors’ history. In my antiracist interventions, I use a holistic and spiritual lens, as well as a relational approach.
(343) 305-5136 View (343) 305-5136
Photo of Jack Lafleur, MA, RP, OAMHP, Registered Psychotherapist
Jack Lafleur
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, OAMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K2G
I work with both men and women who are aware of their issues, motivated towards personal, spiritual and relational growth and are willing to invest the time and effort it takes to reach their full potential. I treat couples who want the tools, transformative experiences and resources that create strong and fulfilling relationships. I work with individuals who are ready to take the next step in their self-discovery and who want to realize the fullness of who they can be at whatever age or stage of life they are at.
I work with both men and women who are aware of their issues, motivated towards personal, spiritual and relational growth and are willing to invest the time and effort it takes to reach their full potential. I treat couples who want the tools, transformative experiences and resources that create strong and fulfilling relationships. I work with individuals who are ready to take the next step in their self-discovery and who want to realize the fullness of who they can be at whatever age or stage of life they are at.
(343) 700-5787 View (343) 700-5787
Photo of Helen Tweddle, MSW RSW, Registered Social Worker
Helen Tweddle
Registered Social Worker, MSW RSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Taking the first step towards reaching out to a therapist can feel very overwhelming, so congratulations for taking that step today! The reasons for connecting with a therapist are varied and unique to the individual, as such my practice is to work to fully understand the concerns you are navigating, as you see them. In unpacking the concerns and the subsequent impact, we can work together to explore different ways of responding to the issues you're facing, be it a change of circumstance, or a change in how you feel about the circumstance. Together we can work towards creating a life that is more rich and meaningful on your terms.
Taking the first step towards reaching out to a therapist can feel very overwhelming, so congratulations for taking that step today! The reasons for connecting with a therapist are varied and unique to the individual, as such my practice is to work to fully understand the concerns you are navigating, as you see them. In unpacking the concerns and the subsequent impact, we can work together to explore different ways of responding to the issues you're facing, be it a change of circumstance, or a change in how you feel about the circumstance. Together we can work towards creating a life that is more rich and meaningful on your terms.
(437) 747-6902 View (437) 747-6902
Photo of Lisa O'Grady, MEd, D:IET, D:VATI, CCC, Registered Psychotherapist
Lisa O'Grady
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, D:IET, D:VATI, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Accepting new clients! Feeling overwhelmed by things everyone else seems to do easily? Avoiding doing things you want to do? Caught on a roller coaster of anger, sadness or shame? Are your relationships suffering? Has the "problem" taken over your life? Feeling stuck and confused about what to do or how to find help? I can help you figure out what's keeping the "problem" going and what your next steps might be.
Accepting new clients! Feeling overwhelmed by things everyone else seems to do easily? Avoiding doing things you want to do? Caught on a roller coaster of anger, sadness or shame? Are your relationships suffering? Has the "problem" taken over your life? Feeling stuck and confused about what to do or how to find help? I can help you figure out what's keeping the "problem" going and what your next steps might be.
(613) 482-4100 View (613) 482-4100
Photo of Emily Davison, BA, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Emily Davison
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K2H
Are you feeling uncertain, anxious, or overwhelmed? That’s okay - that's where I come in! I'm a Social Worker with 10 years experience in non-profit, social service, and healthcare spaces. I work with children, teens, and adults experiencing anxiety, trauma, loss/grief, life transitions, and stress. With me you’ll find warmth, curiosity, empathy, compassion, and humor. In a space where you'll be heard and validated, we'll build a strong foundation built on trust. Together, we can find the tools to help you get "unstuck" and move forward.
Are you feeling uncertain, anxious, or overwhelmed? That’s okay - that's where I come in! I'm a Social Worker with 10 years experience in non-profit, social service, and healthcare spaces. I work with children, teens, and adults experiencing anxiety, trauma, loss/grief, life transitions, and stress. With me you’ll find warmth, curiosity, empathy, compassion, and humor. In a space where you'll be heard and validated, we'll build a strong foundation built on trust. Together, we can find the tools to help you get "unstuck" and move forward.
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Photo of Emily Massey, PsyD, CPsych, Psychologist
Emily Massey
Psychologist, PsyD, CPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Dr. Massey joined the Firestone CBT Clinic to pursue her passion in providing couples therapy and treatment for disordered eating/body image concerns. She also possesses expertise treating mood and anxiety disorders, as well as life transition issues with adults and adolescents. Dr. Massey has received extensive training in couples therapy through The Gottman Institute (all requirements for Certification except client video submissions). Based on 40 years of research, Gottman Method is a skills-based approach to improving relationships, incorporating work on intimacy, conflict management, and the pursuit of shared dreams.
Dr. Massey joined the Firestone CBT Clinic to pursue her passion in providing couples therapy and treatment for disordered eating/body image concerns. She also possesses expertise treating mood and anxiety disorders, as well as life transition issues with adults and adolescents. Dr. Massey has received extensive training in couples therapy through The Gottman Institute (all requirements for Certification except client video submissions). Based on 40 years of research, Gottman Method is a skills-based approach to improving relationships, incorporating work on intimacy, conflict management, and the pursuit of shared dreams.
(343) 801-3204 View (343) 801-3204
Photo of Aleksandra Kozak, MA, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Aleksandra Kozak
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K2C
I specialize in promoting positive body image and self-esteem; I attend to clients with trauma, anger management, grief, relationship issues, and work or personal stress and anxiety. I work collaboratively with each client to deliver a unique treatment plan which may include Attachment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Emotion Focused Therapy, Traumatic Incident Reduction Therapy, and Mindfulness and Stress Reduction Therapy. I believe that the combination of these therapeutic elements allows for clients to foster positive perceptions and insights essential to achieving optimal well-being.
I specialize in promoting positive body image and self-esteem; I attend to clients with trauma, anger management, grief, relationship issues, and work or personal stress and anxiety. I work collaboratively with each client to deliver a unique treatment plan which may include Attachment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Emotion Focused Therapy, Traumatic Incident Reduction Therapy, and Mindfulness and Stress Reduction Therapy. I believe that the combination of these therapeutic elements allows for clients to foster positive perceptions and insights essential to achieving optimal well-being.
(343) 453-0209 View (343) 453-0209
Photo of Catherine Brunet, MEd, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Catherine Brunet
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, RP
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K1T
Throughout life, we come to face challenges that we struggle to understand and cope with. I seek to help individuals achieve their innate potential and help them navigate their hardships, moving towards growth and healing. I believe that with a trusting therapeutic alliance, clients can explore moving to a place of acceptance and of well-being.
Throughout life, we come to face challenges that we struggle to understand and cope with. I seek to help individuals achieve their innate potential and help them navigate their hardships, moving towards growth and healing. I believe that with a trusting therapeutic alliance, clients can explore moving to a place of acceptance and of well-being.
View
Photo of Cristina Guevara, MA, RP, SEP, Registered Psychotherapist
Cristina Guevara
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, SEP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K1Y
Waitlist for new clients
The healing process is unique to each person. While many go through similar events, not everyone experiences them in the same way. I view my clients through a holistic lens to develop a collaborative, therapeutic relationship. I help my clients develop healthy ways to manage distress, find ways to move out of being stuck, develop new insight for unresolved issues, and increase overall wellbeing. My primary focus is working with clients who have experienced trauma. Because the nature of trauma is complex, I use an integrative, person-centered approach to meet my clients' needs at their pace and readiness.
The healing process is unique to each person. While many go through similar events, not everyone experiences them in the same way. I view my clients through a holistic lens to develop a collaborative, therapeutic relationship. I help my clients develop healthy ways to manage distress, find ways to move out of being stuck, develop new insight for unresolved issues, and increase overall wellbeing. My primary focus is working with clients who have experienced trauma. Because the nature of trauma is complex, I use an integrative, person-centered approach to meet my clients' needs at their pace and readiness.
(855) 997-2296 View (855) 997-2296
Photo of Endi Kodila, MA, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Endi Kodila
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K1N
Compassion, kindness and mindfulness is the heart of my practice. I am passionate about client empowerment and being non-judgmental. My approach is based on the needs of my clients, meaning that although I have a systemic and Emotional focused therapy foundation, I use psychodynamic approach and cognitive behavioral, or solution focused strategies as required. Fundamentally, I believe that people are capable of change and that in order to change we need a better understanding of ourselves and others.
Compassion, kindness and mindfulness is the heart of my practice. I am passionate about client empowerment and being non-judgmental. My approach is based on the needs of my clients, meaning that although I have a systemic and Emotional focused therapy foundation, I use psychodynamic approach and cognitive behavioral, or solution focused strategies as required. Fundamentally, I believe that people are capable of change and that in order to change we need a better understanding of ourselves and others.
(343) 305-1993 View (343) 305-1993
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See more therapy options for Ottawa

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Ottawa, ON

2,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Counsellors in Ottawa, ON who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
82% Self Esteem
79% Relationship Issues
79% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% SunLife
63% Canada Life | Great-West Life
59% Manulife

How Counsellors in Ottawa, ON see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
15% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Ottawa?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.