Child Therapists in Barrie, ON

Photo of Merrisa Little, BSW, MSW, RSW, CEO, Registered Social Worker
Merrisa Little
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW, CEO
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barrie, ON L4N
Imagine understanding why your child is behaving the way they are and having a plan to help them get better.
You're noticing changes in your child's behaviour; it doesn't make sense. They're acting strange, out of their character. Why does my child seem afraid; anxious? It seems like you've tried everything to help them feel better, but nothing seems to work and you're confused, fighting the feeling of helplessness. You find yourself walking on eggshells for fear of making the behaviour worse, because you don't understand what's happening.
Imagine understanding why your child is behaving the way they are and having a plan to help them get better.
You're noticing changes in your child's behaviour; it doesn't make sense. They're acting strange, out of their character. Why does my child seem afraid; anxious? It seems like you've tried everything to help them feel better, but nothing seems to work and you're confused, fighting the feeling of helplessness. You find yourself walking on eggshells for fear of making the behaviour worse, because you don't understand what's happening.
(705) 243-9078 View (705) 243-9078
Photo of Sara Servello, RP- Q, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Sara Servello
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP- Q
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Barrie, ON L4M
With over 12 years of experience working with children ages 6+, youth, adults, and their families, I specialize in trauma-informed care.
Are you struggling with divorce or considering a separation? Are you a parent who is worried about your child or teen? Are you looking for support because you feel out of answers and things seem to be on a downward spiral? You deserve to live a life that leaves you excited to begin each day and choosing someone to talk to and provide support is the first step. I use a Person-Centered and Strength Based approach while incorporating evidence-based interventions to empower positive transformations in thought patterns and behaviors.
With over 12 years of experience working with children ages 6+, youth, adults, and their families, I specialize in trauma-informed care.
Are you struggling with divorce or considering a separation? Are you a parent who is worried about your child or teen? Are you looking for support because you feel out of answers and things seem to be on a downward spiral? You deserve to live a life that leaves you excited to begin each day and choosing someone to talk to and provide support is the first step. I use a Person-Centered and Strength Based approach while incorporating evidence-based interventions to empower positive transformations in thought patterns and behaviors.
(249) 505-0762 View (249) 505-0762
Photo of Lisa Thompson- Child Adult Family And Couples Therapist, MA, RP (Q), Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Lisa Thompson- Child Adult Family And Couples Therapist
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP (Q)
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Barrie, ON L4M
I have 15 years of experience working in children, teen, and family mental health.
Accepting New Clients Virtually- Are you looking for support for your child? Or are you a parent who needs a little extra guidance? Maybe you're an individual wanting to work through life struggles? Or a couple looking to manage stress in their relationship? I believe everyone can benefit from talking about life’s triumphs and challenges. Therapy can be a wonderful option, no matter the level of need. To maintain normalcy, control, and comfort in one’s life or to work through some of life's most difficult experiences including Trauma/PTSD, I am here and I would be honoured to help.
I have 15 years of experience working in children, teen, and family mental health.
Accepting New Clients Virtually- Are you looking for support for your child? Or are you a parent who needs a little extra guidance? Maybe you're an individual wanting to work through life struggles? Or a couple looking to manage stress in their relationship? I believe everyone can benefit from talking about life’s triumphs and challenges. Therapy can be a wonderful option, no matter the level of need. To maintain normalcy, control, and comfort in one’s life or to work through some of life's most difficult experiences including Trauma/PTSD, I am here and I would be honoured to help.
(249) 559-1497 View (249) 559-1497
Photo of Christina Orfanakos - Grace North Psychotherapy , MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Grace North Psychotherapy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Barrie, ON L4M
We work with children/youth, parents and adults who are struggling with a variety of mental health difficulties.
At Grace North Psychotherapy our clinicians create a safe space for you to process your thoughts and feelings and gain a deeper understanding of self in relation to your relationships with others and the world around you. We will help you gain insight into your past and present, shine a light on your strengths and help you work through challenges to achieve a better state of mind and start living with more grace and ease.
We work with children/youth, parents and adults who are struggling with a variety of mental health difficulties.
At Grace North Psychotherapy our clinicians create a safe space for you to process your thoughts and feelings and gain a deeper understanding of self in relation to your relationships with others and the world around you. We will help you gain insight into your past and present, shine a light on your strengths and help you work through challenges to achieve a better state of mind and start living with more grace and ease.
(249) 201-8640 View (249) 201-8640
Photo of Gretchen Savery, Pre-Licensed Professional
Gretchen Savery
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barrie, ON L4N
Her work covers various areas, including Depression, Family dynamics, ADHD symptoms (in adults and children), Stress, Skills Training (like time management, organization skills, prioritizing, and social skills), Procrastination, Motivation, Behavioural issues, School difficulties, Parenting, Coping Strategies (for dealing with feelings, change, adversity).
Mastering family dynamics, igniting personal growth, and restoring communication bridges, Gretchen empowers individuals and families to navigate life's intricate challenges. Backed by a Master of Arts in Family Therapy and Systemic Intervention and a Bachelor of Arts in General Psychology, she is a trusted counsellor and member in good standing with the Ontario Association of Mental Health Professionals (OAMHP). Family Counselling, Parent training, Cognitive Behavioural Strategies, Behavioural Strategies, Individual Counselling, Psychoeducation, untangling conflict, fostering healthy communication, and rebuilding trust within family
Her work covers various areas, including Depression, Family dynamics, ADHD symptoms (in adults and children), Stress, Skills Training (like time management, organization skills, prioritizing, and social skills), Procrastination, Motivation, Behavioural issues, School difficulties, Parenting, Coping Strategies (for dealing with feelings, change, adversity).
Mastering family dynamics, igniting personal growth, and restoring communication bridges, Gretchen empowers individuals and families to navigate life's intricate challenges. Backed by a Master of Arts in Family Therapy and Systemic Intervention and a Bachelor of Arts in General Psychology, she is a trusted counsellor and member in good standing with the Ontario Association of Mental Health Professionals (OAMHP). Family Counselling, Parent training, Cognitive Behavioural Strategies, Behavioural Strategies, Individual Counselling, Psychoeducation, untangling conflict, fostering healthy communication, and rebuilding trust within family
(249) 444-2451 View (249) 444-2451
Photo of Joanne Cantor - Joanne Cantor, HonBSc, SpecPsy, BEd, CRPO, OACCPP, Registered Psychotherapist
Joanne Cantor
Registered Psychotherapist, HonBSc, SpecPsy, BEd, CRPO, OACCPP
Verified Verified
Barrie, ON L4N
I am a Registered Psychotherapist (CRPO) with expertise in Cogitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Career Counselling, Assessments, Education and Research. I have an extensive knowledge in Psychology, Children, Anxiety, Depression, Mindfulness, Alcohol, Addictions and Research. I have worked for many years with Senior Scientists, a highly qualified Child Psychiatrist, and other clinical professionals. I am published in several respected Scientific Journals and am available to work with children, teens, individuals, couples, families, and those who need specialized services, such as Depression and Anxiety.
I am a Registered Psychotherapist (CRPO) with expertise in Cogitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Career Counselling, Assessments, Education and Research. I have an extensive knowledge in Psychology, Children, Anxiety, Depression, Mindfulness, Alcohol, Addictions and Research. I have worked for many years with Senior Scientists, a highly qualified Child Psychiatrist, and other clinical professionals. I am published in several respected Scientific Journals and am available to work with children, teens, individuals, couples, families, and those who need specialized services, such as Depression and Anxiety.
(249) 294-2049 View (249) 294-2049
Photo of Tammy Frazer, MA, BCBA
Tammy Frazer
MA, BCBA
Verified Verified
Barrie, ON L4N
Parenting a child with special needs can be challenging.
As the Clinical Director at On Solid Ground Inc in Barrie, we specialize in working with families with children with Autism or behavioural challenges; parents who want to learn alternate ways of engaging with their child to produce improved interactions, communication, social and life skills.
Parenting a child with special needs can be challenging.
As the Clinical Director at On Solid Ground Inc in Barrie, we specialize in working with families with children with Autism or behavioural challenges; parents who want to learn alternate ways of engaging with their child to produce improved interactions, communication, social and life skills.
(249) 201-9230 View (249) 201-9230
Photo of Samantha Barnes - Sweet Spot Family Counselling Services, Registered Psychotherapist
Sweet Spot Family Counselling Services
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Barrie, ON L4M
Is your home feeling more stressful than peaceful lately? Are parenting struggles, constant conflicts, or strained relationships leaving you feeling overwhelmed? You’re not alone, and there’s help. Supporting children, teens, couples, and families is what we’re passionate about, and we’re specially trained to help you navigate these challenges. We understand your desire to regain control of your life, even if other solutions haven’t worked. We’re here to offer practical strategies tailored to your goals. Our team is approachable, empathetic, and dedicated to providing compassionate counselling with a touch of humor and optimism.
Is your home feeling more stressful than peaceful lately? Are parenting struggles, constant conflicts, or strained relationships leaving you feeling overwhelmed? You’re not alone, and there’s help. Supporting children, teens, couples, and families is what we’re passionate about, and we’re specially trained to help you navigate these challenges. We understand your desire to regain control of your life, even if other solutions haven’t worked. We’re here to offer practical strategies tailored to your goals. Our team is approachable, empathetic, and dedicated to providing compassionate counselling with a touch of humor and optimism.
(705) 791-9165 View (705) 791-9165
Photo of Lorie Walton - Family First Play Therapy Centre Inc, MEd, CPTS, RP
Family First Play Therapy Centre Inc
MEd, CPTS, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barrie, ON L4N
Parenting a child who experiences emotional or developmental issues can be challenging.
Family First is a well established (23 years) privately owned centre in 2 locations: Bradford and Burlington. FF conducts Psychological, Psych-Ed Assessments, Child Trauma Assessments and psychotherapy services. FF specializes in helping children and their caregivers with issues involving attachment, regulation, trauma, grief, developmental, parenting and family issues. Lorie Walton, M.Ed, RP, owner, is internationally known for her work in the field of Attachment and emotional regulation. Specialized child psychotherapists at FF use evidence based, age appropriate interventions such as CBT, Play Therapy, Theraplay, EMFT et al.
Parenting a child who experiences emotional or developmental issues can be challenging.
Family First is a well established (23 years) privately owned centre in 2 locations: Bradford and Burlington. FF conducts Psychological, Psych-Ed Assessments, Child Trauma Assessments and psychotherapy services. FF specializes in helping children and their caregivers with issues involving attachment, regulation, trauma, grief, developmental, parenting and family issues. Lorie Walton, M.Ed, RP, owner, is internationally known for her work in the field of Attachment and emotional regulation. Specialized child psychotherapists at FF use evidence based, age appropriate interventions such as CBT, Play Therapy, Theraplay, EMFT et al.
(289) 302-7194 View (289) 302-7194
Photo of Andrea Guthrie - Dr. Andrea Guthrie, PsyD, CPsych, Psychologist
Dr. Andrea Guthrie
Psychologist, PsyD, CPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barrie, ON L4M
Lakeview Psychology is a private psychology clinic in Barrie, Ontario. The practice offers a wide range of psychological services to children, adolescents and adults. Services are provided in a confidential and welcoming setting. Your comfort, safety and privacy are an utmost priority.
Lakeview Psychology is a private psychology clinic in Barrie, Ontario. The practice offers a wide range of psychological services to children, adolescents and adults. Services are provided in a confidential and welcoming setting. Your comfort, safety and privacy are an utmost priority.
(705) 408-2031 View (705) 408-2031
Photo of Dr. Petra Gyles, PhD, CPsych, Psychologist
Dr. Petra Gyles
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
Barrie, ON L4M
Gyles specializes in comprehensive psychological and psychoeducational assessments for preschool and school-age children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Developmental Disabilities, Learning Disabilities, ADHD, behavioural issues, social-emotional issues, and diagnostic assessments for mental illness.
Dr. Gyles is a Clinical & School Psychologist focusing in child & adolescent populations providing comprehensive assessments, therapy, & consultation. Dr. Gyles provides therapy for children and teens targeting depression, anxiety, academic anxiety, OCD, perfectionism, trauma, school struggles, and social issues. She uses evidence-based practices and takes a cognitive-behavioural therapy approach, with aspects of positive psychology, mindfulness, emotion focused, and narrative therapy approaches incorporated into treatment.
Gyles specializes in comprehensive psychological and psychoeducational assessments for preschool and school-age children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Developmental Disabilities, Learning Disabilities, ADHD, behavioural issues, social-emotional issues, and diagnostic assessments for mental illness.
Dr. Gyles is a Clinical & School Psychologist focusing in child & adolescent populations providing comprehensive assessments, therapy, & consultation. Dr. Gyles provides therapy for children and teens targeting depression, anxiety, academic anxiety, OCD, perfectionism, trauma, school struggles, and social issues. She uses evidence-based practices and takes a cognitive-behavioural therapy approach, with aspects of positive psychology, mindfulness, emotion focused, and narrative therapy approaches incorporated into treatment.
(438) 300-9215 View (438) 300-9215
Photo of Carmela Diano, MEd, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Carmela Diano
Registered Social Worker, MEd, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Barrie, ON L4N
No matter what struggle presents itself, your child and you are not alone.
All children are so very unique and constantly changing. Sometimes they need a helping hand to keep them moving along to thrive in their relationships and connections with others; or to develop strategies to support emotional regulation, social skills, life skills, anxiety reduction, concentration and focus, or processing of traumatic events. Throughout the process, parent/caregiver participation is a key component when it comes to working with children. My long-standing experience with neurodivergent children, youth, and their families will provide you with the reassurance you need to move forward.
No matter what struggle presents itself, your child and you are not alone.
All children are so very unique and constantly changing. Sometimes they need a helping hand to keep them moving along to thrive in their relationships and connections with others; or to develop strategies to support emotional regulation, social skills, life skills, anxiety reduction, concentration and focus, or processing of traumatic events. Throughout the process, parent/caregiver participation is a key component when it comes to working with children. My long-standing experience with neurodivergent children, youth, and their families will provide you with the reassurance you need to move forward.
(249) 493-7438 View (249) 493-7438
Photo of Arya Amatya, RP(Q), MACP, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Arya Amatya
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP(Q), MACP
Verified Verified
Barrie, ON L4N
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of the next steps? Life’s challenges can feel like too much to handle alone. Whether you're battling anxiety, stress, complex trauma, relationship struggles, divorce, or helping a child through tough times, I’m here to support you. With empathy and practical tools, I offer tailored, culturally sensitive care to help you move forward with clarity and confidence. You don’t have to face these challenges on your own, let’s work together to create the balance and healing you deserve.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of the next steps? Life’s challenges can feel like too much to handle alone. Whether you're battling anxiety, stress, complex trauma, relationship struggles, divorce, or helping a child through tough times, I’m here to support you. With empathy and practical tools, I offer tailored, culturally sensitive care to help you move forward with clarity and confidence. You don’t have to face these challenges on your own, let’s work together to create the balance and healing you deserve.
(249) 702-4020 View (249) 702-4020
Photo of Charlotte Fergusson, MACP, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Charlotte Fergusson
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi, I’m Charlotte Fergusson, a Registered Psychotherapist (R.P.) with over 25 years of experience. I help individuals, families, and children navigate challenges like anxiety, grief, trauma, relationship struggles, and life transitions. I understand that each person’s experience is unique, and my role is to provide a supportive, non-judgmental space where you can explore your feelings, gain insight, and be empowered to create meaningful change. In addition to my work with clients, I also offer individual and group Clinical Supervision to students and professionals .
Hi, I’m Charlotte Fergusson, a Registered Psychotherapist (R.P.) with over 25 years of experience. I help individuals, families, and children navigate challenges like anxiety, grief, trauma, relationship struggles, and life transitions. I understand that each person’s experience is unique, and my role is to provide a supportive, non-judgmental space where you can explore your feelings, gain insight, and be empowered to create meaningful change. In addition to my work with clients, I also offer individual and group Clinical Supervision to students and professionals .
(249) 202-2070 View (249) 202-2070
Dannette Graham
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
Barrie, ON L4N
As a child psychotherapist, I use my training in close observation to help make sense of a child's difficulties as I communicate with them through play, drawing, words and behaviour, allowing the child to begin to put into words the thoughts and feelings that lie behind their troubling behaviour.
Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy: Anxiety, Depression, Self Harm, Trauma, Divorce/Custody Issues, Eating Disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorders, Grief/Loss, Parent Consultation, . Adults: Relational Difficulties, Divorce, Work/Life Transitions, Self Destructive Behaviours are some of the reasons people choose to work with me. I am a Registered Psychotherapist, my background is Psychodynamic Psychotherapy- a therapeutic approach that embraces the work of all psychoanalytic therapies, including attachment theory, . I tailor my approach to the individual child, adolescent or adult.
As a child psychotherapist, I use my training in close observation to help make sense of a child's difficulties as I communicate with them through play, drawing, words and behaviour, allowing the child to begin to put into words the thoughts and feelings that lie behind their troubling behaviour.
Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy: Anxiety, Depression, Self Harm, Trauma, Divorce/Custody Issues, Eating Disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorders, Grief/Loss, Parent Consultation, . Adults: Relational Difficulties, Divorce, Work/Life Transitions, Self Destructive Behaviours are some of the reasons people choose to work with me. I am a Registered Psychotherapist, my background is Psychodynamic Psychotherapy- a therapeutic approach that embraces the work of all psychoanalytic therapies, including attachment theory, . I tailor my approach to the individual child, adolescent or adult.
(289) 302-8239 View (289) 302-8239
Photo of Arya Amatya, RP(Q), MACP, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Arya Amatya
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP(Q), MACP
Verified Verified
Barrie, ON L4N
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of the next steps? Life’s challenges can feel like too much to handle alone. Whether you're battling anxiety, stress, complex trauma, relationship struggles, divorce, or helping a child through tough times, I’m here to support you. With empathy and practical tools, I offer tailored, culturally sensitive care to help you move forward with clarity and confidence. You don’t have to face these challenges on your own, let’s work together to create the balance and healing you deserve.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of the next steps? Life’s challenges can feel like too much to handle alone. Whether you're battling anxiety, stress, complex trauma, relationship struggles, divorce, or helping a child through tough times, I’m here to support you. With empathy and practical tools, I offer tailored, culturally sensitive care to help you move forward with clarity and confidence. You don’t have to face these challenges on your own, let’s work together to create the balance and healing you deserve.
(365) 305-5043 View (365) 305-5043
Photo of Stevee Nunn - Blue Harbour Therapy, BASc, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Blue Harbour Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist, BASc, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Barrie, ON L4M
Having worked as an Early Childhood Educator, a Resource Consultant, and a Therapeutic Recreationist, I possess extensive experience in assisting children/families as they navigate through life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Is the burden on your mind too much to bear on your own? Search no more, contact me today, and let's share the load. Through providing compassionate and client-centered care, my goal is to assist you in relieving some of life's pressures.
Having worked as an Early Childhood Educator, a Resource Consultant, and a Therapeutic Recreationist, I possess extensive experience in assisting children/families as they navigate through life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Is the burden on your mind too much to bear on your own? Search no more, contact me today, and let's share the load. Through providing compassionate and client-centered care, my goal is to assist you in relieving some of life's pressures.
(705) 809-3481 View (705) 809-3481
Photo of Ashley Bergman, MSW, BSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Ashley Bergman
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Barrie, ON L4N
I work with individuals including children, teens and adults to help them increase their coping skills, improve relationships, reduce anxiety etc. I also service couples who are looking to increase communication and overall relationship satisfaction with their partner. In addition, I provide parenting support as well as service families. I provide support to adoptees seeking support connecting with their biological families as well. I am a Non Insured Health Benefits (NIHB) Provider as well for those Indian Status. Sessions are via telephone, virtually or in person in Barrie, ON. Book a free 15 minute consultation via email, today!
I work with individuals including children, teens and adults to help them increase their coping skills, improve relationships, reduce anxiety etc. I also service couples who are looking to increase communication and overall relationship satisfaction with their partner. In addition, I provide parenting support as well as service families. I provide support to adoptees seeking support connecting with their biological families as well. I am a Non Insured Health Benefits (NIHB) Provider as well for those Indian Status. Sessions are via telephone, virtually or in person in Barrie, ON. Book a free 15 minute consultation via email, today!
(249) 500-4484 View (249) 500-4484
Photo of Brittany Hill, BA, MDiv, Registered Psychotherapist
Brittany Hill
Registered Psychotherapist, BA, MDiv
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Barrie, ON L4M
Need an experienced caring professional to support you through life's challenges? My name is Brittany and I want to work with you in achieving your goal to make life better. I work with diverse clients including children, teens and adults specializing in mental health, family and relationship challenges and coping through life transitions. I also currently teach as a Professor at Georgian college in their Addictions Treatment and Prevention program. Therapy sessions are collaborative, focused on working together to create helpful and practical coping strategies.
Need an experienced caring professional to support you through life's challenges? My name is Brittany and I want to work with you in achieving your goal to make life better. I work with diverse clients including children, teens and adults specializing in mental health, family and relationship challenges and coping through life transitions. I also currently teach as a Professor at Georgian college in their Addictions Treatment and Prevention program. Therapy sessions are collaborative, focused on working together to create helpful and practical coping strategies.
(289) 274-9838 View (289) 274-9838
Photo of Zoe Fysikoudi, PDip, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Zoe Fysikoudi
Registered Psychotherapist, PDip, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barrie, ON L4N
Together, we can navigate and explore what the best course of action for you and your child is.
You’ve noticed your child’s behaviour has changed recently and it concerns you. You want to support them in this fast-paced and competitive world, but you’re not sure how. You want to understand them, but it feels you’re hitting a wall whenever you try to reach them. And you’re getting tired of trying. For children and youth, growing up involves changes that impact their well-being and their self-esteem. With attentive and empathetic support, their ability to cope with these changes can bring them confidence. But without the right support, they can internalize ideas about themselves and their relationships that cause them pain.
Together, we can navigate and explore what the best course of action for you and your child is.
You’ve noticed your child’s behaviour has changed recently and it concerns you. You want to support them in this fast-paced and competitive world, but you’re not sure how. You want to understand them, but it feels you’re hitting a wall whenever you try to reach them. And you’re getting tired of trying. For children and youth, growing up involves changes that impact their well-being and their self-esteem. With attentive and empathetic support, their ability to cope with these changes can bring them confidence. But without the right support, they can internalize ideas about themselves and their relationships that cause them pain.
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See more therapy options for Barrie

Child Counsellors
Child psychologists in Barrie, ON provide mental health therapy to children and are experts in child development.

Every comprehensive review of therapy with children shows that all credible approaches, when performed by a competent mental health clinician, produce almost the same results. About half of all kids will get better. Of those that improve, 80% will show progress in a relatively short time, while the remaining 20% will need longer-term support.

The best child therapists in Barrie build great relationships with the child and the parent. They also see the child's strengths and are open to hearing the child's possible solutions to the challenges the child faces. Finally, a good therapist appreciates the child's culture and is sensitive to the values of the child's community.