Therapists in Ajax, ON

Photo of Jessy Alam, Registered Psychotherapist in Ajax, ON
Jessy Alam
Registered Psychotherapist, RP,, MEd,, CCC
Verified Verified
Ajax, ON L1Z  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you unable to overcome low moods or anxiety no matter how hard you try? Do you feel suffocated? Do current or past traumas take a toll on your life and relationships? The truth is, pain and suffering will come into each one of our lives one way or another, at some point in time. I can work with you to improve your mental health while building your strength and resilience! I know it can seem impossible but you are not alone. I promise. I have helped clients overcome these issues and more through individual psychotherapy for years.
Are you unable to overcome low moods or anxiety no matter how hard you try? Do you feel suffocated? Do current or past traumas take a toll on your life and relationships? The truth is, pain and suffering will come into each one of our lives one way or another, at some point in time. I can work with you to improve your mental health while building your strength and resilience! I know it can seem impossible but you are not alone. I promise. I have helped clients overcome these issues and more through individual psychotherapy for years.
(647) 691-7580 View (647) 691-7580
Photo of Edward George Scea, Registered Social Worker in Ajax, ON
Edward George Scea
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Ajax, ON L1S
As individuals living in an often harsh world, often pushed to and fro from external and internal influences, we all will need at some point an anchor to ground ourselves. It should be the right of every individual to have the firm foundation to build on and achieve their greatest potential. We know that we can not grow to become our best selves in a vacuum. Just as building a strong foundation for a building required a group of skilled artisans so too do we as individuals need a strong skilled support network as none of us can succeed alone.
As individuals living in an often harsh world, often pushed to and fro from external and internal influences, we all will need at some point an anchor to ground ourselves. It should be the right of every individual to have the firm foundation to build on and achieve their greatest potential. We know that we can not grow to become our best selves in a vacuum. Just as building a strong foundation for a building required a group of skilled artisans so too do we as individuals need a strong skilled support network as none of us can succeed alone.
(289) 207-5453 View (289) 207-5453
Photo of Jennifer Lysay, Registered Psychotherapist in Ajax, ON
Jennifer Lysay
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ajax, ON L1Z  (Online Only)
Substance use is a symptom of an underlying issue and it is a way to cope with the underlying problem. Life can be challenging and it is very east to get stuck in an emotional vortex and not be able to find a way out. By examining your thoughts, behaviours, and feelings the hope is to distance you from the dependance of a substance to escape and start the healing process to re-align you with your core beliefs and values
Substance use is a symptom of an underlying issue and it is a way to cope with the underlying problem. Life can be challenging and it is very east to get stuck in an emotional vortex and not be able to find a way out. By examining your thoughts, behaviours, and feelings the hope is to distance you from the dependance of a substance to escape and start the healing process to re-align you with your core beliefs and values
(289) 536-5064 View (289) 536-5064
Photo of Magishaa Thiyagarajah, Registered Psychotherapist in Ajax, ON
Magishaa Thiyagarajah
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MACP, BSc
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ajax, ON L1Z  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with anxiety, relationship challenges, low self-esteem, past traumas, or difficulties related to ADHD? You're not alone. With years of experience as a psychotherapist, youth counselor, mental health counselor, and clinical social worker in community health, I've worked with children, youth, and adults facing these issues.My passion lies in supporting individuals navigating the unique challenges influenced by South Asian cultures. I understand the complexities of cultural expectations and how they shape our self-perception and worldview.
Are you struggling with anxiety, relationship challenges, low self-esteem, past traumas, or difficulties related to ADHD? You're not alone. With years of experience as a psychotherapist, youth counselor, mental health counselor, and clinical social worker in community health, I've worked with children, youth, and adults facing these issues.My passion lies in supporting individuals navigating the unique challenges influenced by South Asian cultures. I understand the complexities of cultural expectations and how they shape our self-perception and worldview.
(289) 802-2636 View (289) 802-2636
Photo of Acquah Counseling and Consulting Services , Registered Social Worker in Ajax, ON
Acquah Counseling and Consulting Services
Registered Social Worker, Hon BA, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ajax, ON L1S
Accepting New Client's: My ideal client is motivated for personal growth, facing issues from anxiety to life transitions. They seek a safe space for emotions, clarity, coping strategies, seeking validation, support, and guidance. Goals include mental health, resilience, self-esteem, and healthy relationships for a fulfilling life. They strive for self-compassion, inner peace, empowerment, personal transformation, emotional intelligence, purpose, and growth.
Accepting New Client's: My ideal client is motivated for personal growth, facing issues from anxiety to life transitions. They seek a safe space for emotions, clarity, coping strategies, seeking validation, support, and guidance. Goals include mental health, resilience, self-esteem, and healthy relationships for a fulfilling life. They strive for self-compassion, inner peace, empowerment, personal transformation, emotional intelligence, purpose, and growth.
(647) 370-6417 View (647) 370-6417
Photo of Kausalya Vimal, Registered Social Worker in Ajax, ON
Kausalya Vimal
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Ajax, ON L1Z  (Online Only)
You matter. Your voice matters. I always say, each and every single person has a story. This story shapes the way we think, feel, and act. If you want to explore your story and begin the journey of healing, in a safe space, then this might be for you. I invite you to have a free consultation with me to get started.
You matter. Your voice matters. I always say, each and every single person has a story. This story shapes the way we think, feel, and act. If you want to explore your story and begin the journey of healing, in a safe space, then this might be for you. I invite you to have a free consultation with me to get started.
(289) 207-4797 View (289) 207-4797
Photo of Specialized Health and Hypnotherapy Services, Registered Social Worker in Ajax, ON
Specialized Health and Hypnotherapy Services
Registered Social Worker, MSW, BSW, RSW, CH
Verified Verified
Ajax, ON L1T
You need an experienced therapist who has a deep understanding and is compassionate to the struggles and suffering that can occur from various life experiences. I understand how overwhelming it can be and the need for empathy and solid guidance to help you through. As a well-rounded and versed clinical and intuitive therapist, we can find our way through your suffering and struggles and for you to achieve the optimal vision of yourself and life.
You need an experienced therapist who has a deep understanding and is compassionate to the struggles and suffering that can occur from various life experiences. I understand how overwhelming it can be and the need for empathy and solid guidance to help you through. As a well-rounded and versed clinical and intuitive therapist, we can find our way through your suffering and struggles and for you to achieve the optimal vision of yourself and life.
(249) 502-5801 View (249) 502-5801
Photo of Judy V Virgo, Registered Social Worker in Ajax, ON
Judy V Virgo
Registered Social Worker, RSW
Verified Verified
Ajax, ON L1Z
Hi there, I am a Trauma- Informed Social Worker, Speaker and Workshop Facilitator with Black Mental Health Canada. I have over 25 years of experience supporting people in minimizing disturbing effects of anxiety, depression and having consistent thoughts of low self-esteem. Utilizing Culturally Informed Counselling, my clients are able to address generational trauma. I work with individuals who can identify with experiencing auditory hallucinations. These individuals are desiring ways to cope and manage with hearing voices in order to give importance to other aspects of their lives, rather than priority given to hearing voices.
Hi there, I am a Trauma- Informed Social Worker, Speaker and Workshop Facilitator with Black Mental Health Canada. I have over 25 years of experience supporting people in minimizing disturbing effects of anxiety, depression and having consistent thoughts of low self-esteem. Utilizing Culturally Informed Counselling, my clients are able to address generational trauma. I work with individuals who can identify with experiencing auditory hallucinations. These individuals are desiring ways to cope and manage with hearing voices in order to give importance to other aspects of their lives, rather than priority given to hearing voices.
(289) 814-6465 View (289) 814-6465
Photo of Karen Wright, Registered Psychotherapist in Ajax, ON
Karen Wright
Registered Psychotherapist, PsyD, RP
Verified Verified
Ajax, ON L1T
I offer in office and remote appointments. At this time, more people than ever are experiencing depression and anxiety as a result of significant change in our society. I work with individuals, families and couples who are struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, grief, addictions, abusive relationships, trauma, and anger management. I believe that everyone has the potential to live a fulfilling and satisfying life, and experience happiness. My psychotherapy practice centers on relieving emotional pain which has accumulated through difficult life experiences and/or problematic thinking and behaviours.
I offer in office and remote appointments. At this time, more people than ever are experiencing depression and anxiety as a result of significant change in our society. I work with individuals, families and couples who are struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, grief, addictions, abusive relationships, trauma, and anger management. I believe that everyone has the potential to live a fulfilling and satisfying life, and experience happiness. My psychotherapy practice centers on relieving emotional pain which has accumulated through difficult life experiences and/or problematic thinking and behaviours.
(289) 271-1815 View (289) 271-1815
Photo of Jyotsna Saraf-Uiterlinden, Registered Social Worker in Ajax, ON
Jyotsna Saraf-Uiterlinden
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, LLM
Verified Verified
Ajax, ON L1S
Successful psychotherapy requires close cooperation between a client seeking change, and an experienced therapist/coach to facilitate that change. I work with individuals, couples, families and expatriates in the areas of trauma, depression, anxiety and chemical dependency. I offer personalized treatment approaches from the fields of clinical counselling, organizational and occupational psychology as well as cognitive behavioral therapy. As a trained EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapist, I also encourage lifestyle adjustments as part of a holistic treatment designed to help clients cope, and continue onto their path of recovery.
Successful psychotherapy requires close cooperation between a client seeking change, and an experienced therapist/coach to facilitate that change. I work with individuals, couples, families and expatriates in the areas of trauma, depression, anxiety and chemical dependency. I offer personalized treatment approaches from the fields of clinical counselling, organizational and occupational psychology as well as cognitive behavioral therapy. As a trained EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapist, I also encourage lifestyle adjustments as part of a holistic treatment designed to help clients cope, and continue onto their path of recovery.
(647) 931-1231 View (647) 931-1231
Photo of Mariam Al-Awadi, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Ajax, ON
Mariam Al-Awadi
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), CCC, RP, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Ajax, ON L1S  (Online Only)
Life can be stressful and overwhelming. Are you feeling down and don’t know how to move forward? Whether it is because of loneliness, feelings of failure, health problems, financial issues, career pressure, or relationships that have left you hurt and misunderstood, I am here to support you and provide a safe space on your journey to healing and self-awareness.
Life can be stressful and overwhelming. Are you feeling down and don’t know how to move forward? Whether it is because of loneliness, feelings of failure, health problems, financial issues, career pressure, or relationships that have left you hurt and misunderstood, I am here to support you and provide a safe space on your journey to healing and self-awareness.
(289) 768-7334 View (289) 768-7334
Photo of Tricia Cooper, Registered Social Worker in Ajax, ON
Tricia Cooper
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Ajax, ON L1T
Are you looking for a therapist who has extensive knowledge and practice utilizing a range of different therapeutic approaches and has specific knowledge related to children and adolescents? Look no further! I am trained to provide Cognitive behavioural therapy, Dialectical behavioural therapy, Attachment based and Structural family therapy as well as Emotion and Solution focused therapies. Many of these interventions work well for adults, children, teens and couples as well!
Are you looking for a therapist who has extensive knowledge and practice utilizing a range of different therapeutic approaches and has specific knowledge related to children and adolescents? Look no further! I am trained to provide Cognitive behavioural therapy, Dialectical behavioural therapy, Attachment based and Structural family therapy as well as Emotion and Solution focused therapies. Many of these interventions work well for adults, children, teens and couples as well!
(289) 210-7412 View (289) 210-7412
Photo of Jennifer Lysay, Registered Psychotherapist in Ajax, ON
Jennifer Lysay
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Ajax, ON L1Z
Substance use is a symptom of an underlying issue and it is a way to cope with the underlying problem. Life can be challenging and it is very east to get stuck in an emotional vortex and not be able to find a way out. By examining your thoughts, behaviours, and feelings the hope is to distance you from the dependance of a substance to escape and start the healing process to re-align you with your core beliefs and values.
Substance use is a symptom of an underlying issue and it is a way to cope with the underlying problem. Life can be challenging and it is very east to get stuck in an emotional vortex and not be able to find a way out. By examining your thoughts, behaviours, and feelings the hope is to distance you from the dependance of a substance to escape and start the healing process to re-align you with your core beliefs and values.
(289) 724-5936 View (289) 724-5936
Photo of Mathai Devasia, Registered Social Worker in Ajax, ON
Mathai Devasia
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ajax, ON L1T  (Online Only)
I provide psychotherapy to individuals who experience wide range of challenges and issues including anxiety, depression, anger, stress, relationships, trust, forgiveness, emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, and addiction. I am glad that you are taking the first step of your journey of healing, finding happiness, and feeling better.
I provide psychotherapy to individuals who experience wide range of challenges and issues including anxiety, depression, anger, stress, relationships, trust, forgiveness, emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, and addiction. I am glad that you are taking the first step of your journey of healing, finding happiness, and feeling better.
(289) 302-2561 View (289) 302-2561
Photo of Jocelyn Tripp, Registered Psychotherapist in Ajax, ON
Jocelyn Tripp
Registered Psychotherapist, MA , RP
Verified Verified
Ajax, ON L1S
I am a fully licensed Registered Psychotherapist and a member in good standing of the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (CPRO). I have over 10 years of experience as a therapist, both in Canada and the United States. In my work, I use a therapy called EMDR that helps people feel better and enjoy their lives more. I also use other types of therapy, like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Narrative Therapy.
I am a fully licensed Registered Psychotherapist and a member in good standing of the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (CPRO). I have over 10 years of experience as a therapist, both in Canada and the United States. In my work, I use a therapy called EMDR that helps people feel better and enjoy their lives more. I also use other types of therapy, like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Narrative Therapy.
(289) 312-5195 View (289) 312-5195
Photo of Mercy Iyamu, Registered Social Worker in Ajax, ON
Mercy Iyamu
Registered Social Worker, BSW, RSW, HSC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ajax, ON L1T
*ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS* Are you feeling depressed? Are you experiencing anxiety? Are you being abused? Having marital problems? Is your child having behavioural difficulties and having difficulties managing at school? Do you sometimes feel hopeless and feel that there is no point in living? If so, I can help you! I am a Registered Clinical Social Worker / Therapist with more than 15 years experience in working with Children, Youth , Adults, and Families.
*ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS* Are you feeling depressed? Are you experiencing anxiety? Are you being abused? Having marital problems? Is your child having behavioural difficulties and having difficulties managing at school? Do you sometimes feel hopeless and feel that there is no point in living? If so, I can help you! I am a Registered Clinical Social Worker / Therapist with more than 15 years experience in working with Children, Youth , Adults, and Families.
(289) 207-6439 View (289) 207-6439
Photo of Josset Stephanie Johnson - Bri Counselling, Registered Social Worker in Ajax, ON
Josset Stephanie Johnson - Bri Counselling
Registered Social Worker, BSc, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ajax, ON L1Z
It is hard, I know. Life can be traumatic, disappointing, stressful, unfair, and leave you feeling confused, overwhelmed, hurt, and exhausted. Know that you don’t have to face life’s setbacks alone and these setbacks don’t have to be a barrier to achieving happiness. If you are experiencing challenges in navigating your way through a tough time in your life, I can help. I am a passionate registered Social Worker whose empathy and warmth help to create a safe, non-judgmental space where you can process complex issues, and find healing and wholeness in your life.
It is hard, I know. Life can be traumatic, disappointing, stressful, unfair, and leave you feeling confused, overwhelmed, hurt, and exhausted. Know that you don’t have to face life’s setbacks alone and these setbacks don’t have to be a barrier to achieving happiness. If you are experiencing challenges in navigating your way through a tough time in your life, I can help. I am a passionate registered Social Worker whose empathy and warmth help to create a safe, non-judgmental space where you can process complex issues, and find healing and wholeness in your life.
(289) 273-9521 View (289) 273-9521
Photo of Optimum Focus Counselling, Registered Psychotherapist in Ajax, ON
Optimum Focus Counselling
Registered Psychotherapist, BA Psyc, MA , RP
Verified Verified
Ajax, ON L1T
My name is Motse Ramathe and I am a Registered Psychotherapist and Life coach and have been in practice for over 10 years. I use a client-centered and collaborative approach in my practice utilizing a wide-range of tested and proven therapeutic modalities like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness-based strategies to help client deal with depression, anxiety, grief and stress management.
My name is Motse Ramathe and I am a Registered Psychotherapist and Life coach and have been in practice for over 10 years. I use a client-centered and collaborative approach in my practice utilizing a wide-range of tested and proven therapeutic modalities like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness-based strategies to help client deal with depression, anxiety, grief and stress management.
(365) 602-2404 View (365) 602-2404
Photo of Amina Dualeh, Registered Social Worker in Ajax, ON
Amina Dualeh
Registered Social Worker, MSW
Verified Verified
Ajax, ON L1S  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is Amina Dualeh. If you are a BIPOC individual looking for support in navigating your childhood trauma, relationship breakdowns, anxiety, grief, micro aggressions in the work space, and exhausted from dealing with ABR constantly I am here to help! I believe in going back to our traditional ways of knowing and healing and a big part of that is storytelling. I am so looking forward to being part of creating the space to share your whole stories and selves.
Hi! My name is Amina Dualeh. If you are a BIPOC individual looking for support in navigating your childhood trauma, relationship breakdowns, anxiety, grief, micro aggressions in the work space, and exhausted from dealing with ABR constantly I am here to help! I believe in going back to our traditional ways of knowing and healing and a big part of that is storytelling. I am so looking forward to being part of creating the space to share your whole stories and selves.
(289) 768-7202 View (289) 768-7202
Photo of Lisa Trepanier, Psychologist in Ajax, ON
Lisa Trepanier
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ajax, ON L1S
I am dually trained as a Neuropsychologist and Clinical Psychologist. I am able to provide thorough examinations of your brain health, mental health, and/or personality. I actively provide psychotherapy and other forms of psychological treatment related to these issues. I teach at York University, am on Faculty at the University of Toronto and regularly attend workshops/conferences, which helps to keep my knowledge current and practical. Common referral issues relate to work, mood, coping, chronic stress, chronic pain, or an acquired problem. Whether you struggle with your physical and/or mental health, I can assist you with improving both.
I am dually trained as a Neuropsychologist and Clinical Psychologist. I am able to provide thorough examinations of your brain health, mental health, and/or personality. I actively provide psychotherapy and other forms of psychological treatment related to these issues. I teach at York University, am on Faculty at the University of Toronto and regularly attend workshops/conferences, which helps to keep my knowledge current and practical. Common referral issues relate to work, mood, coping, chronic stress, chronic pain, or an acquired problem. Whether you struggle with your physical and/or mental health, I can assist you with improving both.
(844) 332-2482 View (844) 332-2482

See more therapy options for Ajax

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Ajax, ON

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Ajax, ON who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
94% Depression
88% Self Esteem
86% Stress
83% Relationship Issues
81% Coping Skills
72% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Green Shield Canada
63% SunLife
63% Manulife

How Counsellors in Ajax, ON see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Ajax?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.