Therapists in Halifax, NS

Photo of Kristen Williams - True North Psychological Services - Halifax, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
True North Psychological Services - Halifax
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Halifax, NS B3S
Waitlist for new clients
I have been a registered social worker (RSW) in Nova Scotia since 2022 after immigrating from Los Angeles, California where I practiced as a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW). Prior to HRM, I had been working with formerly unhoused veterans and their families in the Greater Los Angeles community through the US Veterans' Healthcare Administration for ten years. I currently work with adults and older adults (18+), veterans, military, and first responders. Those in the LGBTQ+, multicultural, and polyamorous/ENM communities. As well as many others struggling with mental health challenges.
I have been a registered social worker (RSW) in Nova Scotia since 2022 after immigrating from Los Angeles, California where I practiced as a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW). Prior to HRM, I had been working with formerly unhoused veterans and their families in the Greater Los Angeles community through the US Veterans' Healthcare Administration for ten years. I currently work with adults and older adults (18+), veterans, military, and first responders. Those in the LGBTQ+, multicultural, and polyamorous/ENM communities. As well as many others struggling with mental health challenges.
(902) 406-6734 View (902) 406-6734
Photo of J. Todd Hunter, MA, RCT-C, CCC, Counsellor
J. Todd Hunter
Counsellor, MA, RCT-C, CCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Welcome. Imagine blending mixed therapeutic modalities with the creativity of Drama Therapy – a unique and powerful approach that sparks personal growth and transformation. As your therapist, I guide you (or you and your partner) beyond traditional talk therapy, helping you unlock your creative potential to break free from old patterns and discover new ways of communicating. With compassionate, gentle support, we’ll explore and rehearse new responses to life’s challenges, creating a safe, healing space for self-expression and fresh solutions
Welcome. Imagine blending mixed therapeutic modalities with the creativity of Drama Therapy – a unique and powerful approach that sparks personal growth and transformation. As your therapist, I guide you (or you and your partner) beyond traditional talk therapy, helping you unlock your creative potential to break free from old patterns and discover new ways of communicating. With compassionate, gentle support, we’ll explore and rehearse new responses to life’s challenges, creating a safe, healing space for self-expression and fresh solutions
(782) 400-0547 View (782) 400-0547
Photo of Lee Park, MA , BAHons, RCT-C21, Counsellor
Lee Park
Counsellor, MA , BAHons, RCT-C21
Verified Verified
Halifax, NS B3J
The ability to connect with you is a true privilege, blessing. I have deep passion to consistently improve, offer the highest standards of services, my approach is individualized, culturally, context sensitive. I work with children, teens, students, new graduates, individuals, couples, families. I treat anxiety, panic attacks, depression, grief, post trauma, assist those in life changes. I see my role to create a safe, warm, non judgemental, relaxed space so you find your best self, be motivated to work on your own, carrying out compassion, empathy, a clear understanding of a therapy approach, tools. www.canadaonlinetherapy.com
The ability to connect with you is a true privilege, blessing. I have deep passion to consistently improve, offer the highest standards of services, my approach is individualized, culturally, context sensitive. I work with children, teens, students, new graduates, individuals, couples, families. I treat anxiety, panic attacks, depression, grief, post trauma, assist those in life changes. I see my role to create a safe, warm, non judgemental, relaxed space so you find your best self, be motivated to work on your own, carrying out compassion, empathy, a clear understanding of a therapy approach, tools. www.canadaonlinetherapy.com
(902) 608-8663 View (902) 608-8663
Photo of Bryan Fader - Bryan Fader Counselling , MEd, MACP, RCT (C), CCC, Counsellor
Bryan Fader Counselling
Counsellor, MEd, MACP, RCT (C), CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Halifax, NS B3H
As a solution focused therapist, I meet clients where they are in their life and growth journey, seek strengths and skills already present and help them take control back of their lives and performance. Seeded in 17 years of Sports Mental skills performance, my therapeutic approach assists clients in all aspects of their lives to build agency, confidence, and increased motivation to change.
As a solution focused therapist, I meet clients where they are in their life and growth journey, seek strengths and skills already present and help them take control back of their lives and performance. Seeded in 17 years of Sports Mental skills performance, my therapeutic approach assists clients in all aspects of their lives to build agency, confidence, and increased motivation to change.
(782) 824-2808 View (782) 824-2808
Photo of Michelle Chisholm, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Michelle Chisholm
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Halifax, NS B3H
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel like there are deep roots to your problems but become overwhelmed trying to unpack these feelings on your own? Are you looking for some guidance to untangle your conflicting thoughts and behaviours and connect with your authentic self? I work with folks to understand where these big feelings come from, and support them to communicate with the parts of themselves that are experiencing difficulty. If you are tired of constantly fighting your own inner thoughts and want a space where where you can finally stop fighting and feel safe to open up about what is really going on for you, this may be it!
Do you feel like there are deep roots to your problems but become overwhelmed trying to unpack these feelings on your own? Are you looking for some guidance to untangle your conflicting thoughts and behaviours and connect with your authentic self? I work with folks to understand where these big feelings come from, and support them to communicate with the parts of themselves that are experiencing difficulty. If you are tired of constantly fighting your own inner thoughts and want a space where where you can finally stop fighting and feel safe to open up about what is really going on for you, this may be it!
(782) 800-8276 View (782) 800-8276
Photo of Jocelyn Hsu, RSW, MSW, BSW, Registered Social Worker
Jocelyn Hsu
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW, BSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
You feel life is hard and you are a bit stuck. You feel overwhelmed by current challenges, perhaps exhausted from past trauma, and being anxious about the future. You are looking for some clarity and tools to feel less stressed. If this is the time that you are looking for growth and mental health wellbeing, I am here for you, offering sessions tailored towards your unique needs. Over 17 years, I have worked with clients from diverse backgrounds, and assisted many of them in tough situations, including trauma in different life stages. I provide individual, couple, and family sessions to support you through challenging times.
You feel life is hard and you are a bit stuck. You feel overwhelmed by current challenges, perhaps exhausted from past trauma, and being anxious about the future. You are looking for some clarity and tools to feel less stressed. If this is the time that you are looking for growth and mental health wellbeing, I am here for you, offering sessions tailored towards your unique needs. Over 17 years, I have worked with clients from diverse backgrounds, and assisted many of them in tough situations, including trauma in different life stages. I provide individual, couple, and family sessions to support you through challenging times.
(782) 201-0814 View (782) 201-0814
Cally Pevie
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you struggling with overwhelming or mixed emotions, relationship challenges, or traumas that seem to hold you back? I provide a safe and non-judgmental therapeutic space to support you in your emotional healing and personal growth journey. My practice is grounded in evidence-based approaches, including Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT), which have been shown to effectively help clients access and process deep emotions, leading to lasting change. We can develop a treatment plan tailored to your needs and work to identify and break patterns keeping you stuck.
Are you struggling with overwhelming or mixed emotions, relationship challenges, or traumas that seem to hold you back? I provide a safe and non-judgmental therapeutic space to support you in your emotional healing and personal growth journey. My practice is grounded in evidence-based approaches, including Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT), which have been shown to effectively help clients access and process deep emotions, leading to lasting change. We can develop a treatment plan tailored to your needs and work to identify and break patterns keeping you stuck.
(782) 812-0129 View (782) 812-0129
Photo of Melaney White, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Melaney White
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Halifax, NS B3H
I'm passionate about treating trauma and the wide range of symptoms it can cause. I experienced intergenerational trauma and poverty in my family of origin and I'm passionate about working with individuals and families who share this experience. It's possible to heal and reconnect with life after overwhelming stress, and I'm grateful everyday to be invited into the healing journeys of my clients.
I'm passionate about treating trauma and the wide range of symptoms it can cause. I experienced intergenerational trauma and poverty in my family of origin and I'm passionate about working with individuals and families who share this experience. It's possible to heal and reconnect with life after overwhelming stress, and I'm grateful everyday to be invited into the healing journeys of my clients.
(902) 880-4211 View (902) 880-4211
Photo of Colleen Bob, MEd, RCT, CCC, Counsellor
Colleen Bob
Counsellor, MEd, RCT, CCC
Verified Verified
Halifax, NS B3H
Feeling stuck in a cycle of negativity, insecurity, or hopelessness? Do you long to improve your relationship with yourself and others? Through therapy, old patterns give way as you gain more access and understanding of your emotions, and a stronger and wiser version of yourself becomes available. I hold space for your healing and growth and also for your unique values, beliefs, and lived experience. In addition to individual therapy, I also offer couples counseling, where we work to understand negative patterns that keep you in conflict, and begin to create new patterns of connection, safety, and trust.
Feeling stuck in a cycle of negativity, insecurity, or hopelessness? Do you long to improve your relationship with yourself and others? Through therapy, old patterns give way as you gain more access and understanding of your emotions, and a stronger and wiser version of yourself becomes available. I hold space for your healing and growth and also for your unique values, beliefs, and lived experience. In addition to individual therapy, I also offer couples counseling, where we work to understand negative patterns that keep you in conflict, and begin to create new patterns of connection, safety, and trust.
(902) 423-1935 View (902) 423-1935
Photo of Dr. Kayla Truswell, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Kayla Truswell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Halifax, NS B3H
Dr. Kayla Truswell is a registered psychologist who completed her PhD in Clinical Psychology at the University of Saskatchewan. She has generalist clinical training in assessment, consultation, and treatment of individuals across the lifespan with a variety of psychological conditions, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, PTSD, somatic disorders, and personality disorders. Dr. Truswell also has clinical training and experience completing comprehensive psychological evaluations. She is proficient in several assessment contexts, including psychodiagnostic evaluations, cognitive assessments, and psychoeducational assessments.
Dr. Kayla Truswell is a registered psychologist who completed her PhD in Clinical Psychology at the University of Saskatchewan. She has generalist clinical training in assessment, consultation, and treatment of individuals across the lifespan with a variety of psychological conditions, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, PTSD, somatic disorders, and personality disorders. Dr. Truswell also has clinical training and experience completing comprehensive psychological evaluations. She is proficient in several assessment contexts, including psychodiagnostic evaluations, cognitive assessments, and psychoeducational assessments.
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Photo of Maria DeNicola, MACP, RCT, CCC, SEP, Counsellor
Maria DeNicola
Counsellor, MACP, RCT, CCC, SEP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Halifax, NS B3H
I specialize in trauma therapy and work with individuals on their journey of healing, growth, and wellness. I use a collaborative, holistic, and body-oriented approach to support clients experiencing trauma, anxiety, depression, stress, irritability, sleep impairments, digestion issues, chronic pain, grief, and relationship difficulties.
I specialize in trauma therapy and work with individuals on their journey of healing, growth, and wellness. I use a collaborative, holistic, and body-oriented approach to support clients experiencing trauma, anxiety, depression, stress, irritability, sleep impairments, digestion issues, chronic pain, grief, and relationship difficulties.
(902) 901-5459 View (902) 901-5459
Photo of Errin Williams, MSW, RSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Errin Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Halifax, NS B3K
The clients I work with often need support in navigating intense emotions, processing trauma, and developing healthier coping mechanisms. Their goals typically involve better relationships, increased mood, and improved emotional regulation.
The clients I work with often need support in navigating intense emotions, processing trauma, and developing healthier coping mechanisms. Their goals typically involve better relationships, increased mood, and improved emotional regulation.
(782) 820-7720 View (782) 820-7720
Photo of Lynette Gillis, RP, RCT, MFA, Registered Psychotherapist
Lynette Gillis
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, RCT, MFA
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Halifax, NS B3K
Waitlist for new clients
I offer therapy to people who are struggling to move forward and feeling stuck in some way. You may be feeling disconnected, carrying negative perceptions of yourself, or feeling a general sense of not living the life you want to live and wanting change. I provide a space for you to be seen and known. I want to find what is holding you back. I often work with people through challenges in relationships, in living more authentically, and in building a more secure sense of self. Together we look at the ways you protect yourself and whether these ways are still serving you.
I offer therapy to people who are struggling to move forward and feeling stuck in some way. You may be feeling disconnected, carrying negative perceptions of yourself, or feeling a general sense of not living the life you want to live and wanting change. I provide a space for you to be seen and known. I want to find what is holding you back. I often work with people through challenges in relationships, in living more authentically, and in building a more secure sense of self. Together we look at the ways you protect yourself and whether these ways are still serving you.
(902) 517-0283 View (902) 517-0283
Photo of Neil Silcox, MEd, MFA, RCT-C, Counsellor
Neil Silcox
Counsellor, MEd, MFA, RCT-C
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Halifax, NS B3K
Our minds and hearts have a natural inclination toward healing and wellbeing. But sometimes, those natural forces are blocked or stifled by unhelpful stories we have been told about ourselves, unjust social forces, isolation, trauma, or any number of other challenges. Together, our work will be to unblock those healing systems, and move toward healthier connections with friends, family, community, the natural world, and with yourself. In addition to being a therapist, I work as a theatre artist and post-secondary educator. This other side of my life infuses my sessions with humour and creativity.
Our minds and hearts have a natural inclination toward healing and wellbeing. But sometimes, those natural forces are blocked or stifled by unhelpful stories we have been told about ourselves, unjust social forces, isolation, trauma, or any number of other challenges. Together, our work will be to unblock those healing systems, and move toward healthier connections with friends, family, community, the natural world, and with yourself. In addition to being a therapist, I work as a theatre artist and post-secondary educator. This other side of my life infuses my sessions with humour and creativity.
(782) 222-4450 View (782) 222-4450
Photo of Nataša Mitrović, MSc, Psychologist
Nataša Mitrović
Psychologist, MSc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Halifax, NS B3K
Life today is full of challenges, from keeping up with societal expectations to managing personal and professional demands. Maybe you feel disconnected, overwhelmed, or struggling to keep up with daily tasks . You might wonder how everyone else seems to navigate life seamlessly while you're left feeling like you're not measuring up. Our sessions will offer a space to explore these struggles, providing strategies to foster deeper connections and find balance, aiming for a life filled with meaning and personal satisfaction.
Life today is full of challenges, from keeping up with societal expectations to managing personal and professional demands. Maybe you feel disconnected, overwhelmed, or struggling to keep up with daily tasks . You might wonder how everyone else seems to navigate life seamlessly while you're left feeling like you're not measuring up. Our sessions will offer a space to explore these struggles, providing strategies to foster deeper connections and find balance, aiming for a life filled with meaning and personal satisfaction.
(782) 800-8359 View (782) 800-8359
Photo of Julie Brown, RSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, RSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am currently accepting new clients located throughout Nova Scotia and Ontario. I have a specialized interest in eating disorders, trauma, anxiety disorders, addiction/substance use, and personality disorders. Making changes can be anxiety provoking and overwhelming. I recognize that feeling alone can get in the way of making the progress you want to make. I am happy to support you in bettering your mental health overall.
I am currently accepting new clients located throughout Nova Scotia and Ontario. I have a specialized interest in eating disorders, trauma, anxiety disorders, addiction/substance use, and personality disorders. Making changes can be anxiety provoking and overwhelming. I recognize that feeling alone can get in the way of making the progress you want to make. I am happy to support you in bettering your mental health overall.
(902) 609-8893 View (902) 609-8893
Photo of Anne Dobson, MEd, RCT, CCC, Counsellor
Anne Dobson
Counsellor, MEd, RCT, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Halifax, NS B3S
I am a Registered Counselling Therapist working primarily with adults and couples. I work with clients who seek to address or find relief for anxiety, stress, low mood, health challenges, life transitions, grief and loss, workplace issues, burnout, relationship issues, parenting, and more. While exploring life challenges and concerns, strengths and values, we collaborate to create meaningful goals and a pathway to growth, change and well-being.
I am a Registered Counselling Therapist working primarily with adults and couples. I work with clients who seek to address or find relief for anxiety, stress, low mood, health challenges, life transitions, grief and loss, workplace issues, burnout, relationship issues, parenting, and more. While exploring life challenges and concerns, strengths and values, we collaborate to create meaningful goals and a pathway to growth, change and well-being.
(782) 820-4178 View (782) 820-4178
Photo of Danielle Comeau, MA, RCT, CCC, Counsellor
Danielle Comeau
Counsellor, MA, RCT, CCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Halifax, NS B3K
Have you been to therapy before and not had the results you were hoping for? You may have insight into some areas of your troubles, but that insight alone hasn’t been enough. I offer therapy that focuses on internal emotional processes, not how you can change your thinking, but how something can feel different in the moment. Therapy will feel like a corrective emotional experience, where we can work together to notice how your unconscious processes are shaping your experiences in the here and now. I will help you experience emotions safely, regulate your anxiety, and turn against your ways of coping that are keeping you stuck.
Have you been to therapy before and not had the results you were hoping for? You may have insight into some areas of your troubles, but that insight alone hasn’t been enough. I offer therapy that focuses on internal emotional processes, not how you can change your thinking, but how something can feel different in the moment. Therapy will feel like a corrective emotional experience, where we can work together to notice how your unconscious processes are shaping your experiences in the here and now. I will help you experience emotions safely, regulate your anxiety, and turn against your ways of coping that are keeping you stuck.
(782) 800-0941 View (782) 800-0941
Photo of Kurt Steeves, BA, SSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kurt Steeves
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA, SSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Currently accepting new clients. I am a Queer, pagan, and polyamorous service provider at Pink Opal Counselling. I provide virtual services only. My services are trauma-informed, and grounded in anti-oppressive, feminist, and Queer theories. I have education and training specific to social services, SFBT, mental health, family studies, Queer studies, and psychology. I hope to work with members of the Queer community, those engaged with ethical non-monogamy, and those who may practice alternative spiritualities.
Currently accepting new clients. I am a Queer, pagan, and polyamorous service provider at Pink Opal Counselling. I provide virtual services only. My services are trauma-informed, and grounded in anti-oppressive, feminist, and Queer theories. I have education and training specific to social services, SFBT, mental health, family studies, Queer studies, and psychology. I hope to work with members of the Queer community, those engaged with ethical non-monogamy, and those who may practice alternative spiritualities.
(782) 400-6214 View (782) 400-6214
Photo of Jacqueline Steudler, CATA, Art Therapist
Jacqueline Steudler
Art Therapist, CATA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You have lost a loved one recently or a while ago. My heart goes out to you. You're here because you're looking for a way to heal and, at the same time, find a safe space to talk about your feelings without being judged. The Healing for Grieving Hearts program gathers my personal experiences and expertise with grief. We focus on the therapeutic art interventions I have used for years as an art therapist. You will discover compassionate actions and rituals that you can use when needed in the future.
You have lost a loved one recently or a while ago. My heart goes out to you. You're here because you're looking for a way to heal and, at the same time, find a safe space to talk about your feelings without being judged. The Healing for Grieving Hearts program gathers my personal experiences and expertise with grief. We focus on the therapeutic art interventions I have used for years as an art therapist. You will discover compassionate actions and rituals that you can use when needed in the future.
(782) 222-0495 View (782) 222-0495
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See more therapy options for Halifax

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Halifax, NS

500+

Average cost per session

$160

Counsellors in Halifax, NS who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
80% Self Esteem
80% Stress
73% Coping Skills
68% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Medavie Blue Cross
59% Blue Cross
48% Manulife

How Counsellors in Halifax, NS see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
18% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Halifax?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.