Therapists in Eastern Passage, NS

Photo of Celeste Lacombe Nelson - Soul Sage Therapy, Registered Social Worker
Soul Sage Therapy
Registered Social Worker
Soul Sage integrates psychotherapy, forrest therapy, neuro-somatic breath work, and embodiment practices. Céleste works with you through self-discovery and by excavating the old narratives which no longer serve you. Collaborating in session creates a space for connection, compassion, accessing radical self-honesty & accountability to cultivate the freedom of authenticity.
Soul Sage integrates psychotherapy, forrest therapy, neuro-somatic breath work, and embodiment practices. Céleste works with you through self-discovery and by excavating the old narratives which no longer serve you. Collaborating in session creates a space for connection, compassion, accessing radical self-honesty & accountability to cultivate the freedom of authenticity.
(902) 789-4862 x1 View (902) 789-4862 x1
Photo of Juanita Charlene Paris, Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, RSW, MDiv, Dmin st
Juanita Charlene Paris
Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, RSW, MDiv, Dmin st
Online Only
I’ve been a Social Worker for over 36 years. I have worked with individuals in Adult & Child Protection, psychiatric units, and emergency departments. I have a passion in working with individuals living with mental illness and addictions. I have also worked with youth in complex cases and crisis situations. I have counselled adults and children in homeless shelters and youth involved in human trafficking. I have counselled individuals who are involved with Correction Services of Canada on parole, while they resided in half way house. I promote social justice, diversity & inclusion with a trauma informed family centred approach.
I’ve been a Social Worker for over 36 years. I have worked with individuals in Adult & Child Protection, psychiatric units, and emergency departments. I have a passion in working with individuals living with mental illness and addictions. I have also worked with youth in complex cases and crisis situations. I have counselled adults and children in homeless shelters and youth involved in human trafficking. I have counselled individuals who are involved with Correction Services of Canada on parole, while they resided in half way house. I promote social justice, diversity & inclusion with a trauma informed family centred approach.
(782) 800-0924 View (782) 800-0924
Photo of Justine Barnett, Counsellor, RCT, LCT, C.C.C
Justine Barnett
Counsellor, RCT, LCT, C.C.C
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Financial stress is one of the leading contributors to anxiety, relationship conflict, and chronic worry. As a Registered Counselling Therapist with a background in business accounting, I offer a unique blend of emotional support and practical guidance to help you regain a sense of control and calm around money.
Financial stress is one of the leading contributors to anxiety, relationship conflict, and chronic worry. As a Registered Counselling Therapist with a background in business accounting, I offer a unique blend of emotional support and practical guidance to help you regain a sense of control and calm around money.
(782) 829-4925 x1 View (782) 829-4925 x1
Photo of Lena Stewart, Registered Counselling Therapist - Candidate, MACP, RCT-C
Lena Stewart
Registered Counselling Therapist - Candidate, MACP, RCT-C
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Disconnected from life and loved ones? Do you feel as if you are moving on autopilot, or lost, finding it hard to understand what you want or need? I help individuals experiencing burnout, anxiety, overwhelm, grief, and overall disconnect from things that matter and bring joy. Together we can work to find balance amid the multifaceted roles and responsibilities - family, relationships, career, school, work, daily life, and/or society. Finding balance and emotional well-being can be transformative, helping cultivate self-awareness, confidence, reconnection, and clarity on what is truly important to you.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Disconnected from life and loved ones? Do you feel as if you are moving on autopilot, or lost, finding it hard to understand what you want or need? I help individuals experiencing burnout, anxiety, overwhelm, grief, and overall disconnect from things that matter and bring joy. Together we can work to find balance amid the multifaceted roles and responsibilities - family, relationships, career, school, work, daily life, and/or society. Finding balance and emotional well-being can be transformative, helping cultivate self-awareness, confidence, reconnection, and clarity on what is truly important to you.
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More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Lauren Mackintosh, Registered Counselling Therapist-Candidate, MA, RCT-C
Lauren Mackintosh
Registered Counselling Therapist-Candidate, MA, RCT-C
1 Endorsed
Dartmouth, NS B2Y
Sometimes we need some additional support. I offer sessions to adolescents (15+), adults & couples experiencing various issues. Challenging relationships can take a toll on our mental health and well-being. We can identify difficulties in relationships (romantic, familial, work or otherwise) that may be causing distress. Some topics addressed include boundaries, attachment, and communication. I also offer perinatal counselling for those who need support through pregnancy and/or the postpartum period. I have an easygoing and supportive approach and believe you know yourself best. I encourage open communication throughout treatment!
Sometimes we need some additional support. I offer sessions to adolescents (15+), adults & couples experiencing various issues. Challenging relationships can take a toll on our mental health and well-being. We can identify difficulties in relationships (romantic, familial, work or otherwise) that may be causing distress. Some topics addressed include boundaries, attachment, and communication. I also offer perinatal counselling for those who need support through pregnancy and/or the postpartum period. I have an easygoing and supportive approach and believe you know yourself best. I encourage open communication throughout treatment!
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Photo of Cameron T DeBaie, Registered Counselling Therapist-Candidate, BAA, BEd, MEd
Cameron T DeBaie
Registered Counselling Therapist-Candidate, BAA, BEd, MEd
1 Endorsed
Halifax, NS B3P
Welcome! I’m Cameron, a dedicated male-identifying counselor specializing in supporting the LGBTQ+ community. With a warm, empathetic approach, I create a safe space where you can freely explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgment. My goal is to empower you on your journey to self-acceptance, resilience, and authenticity.
Welcome! I’m Cameron, a dedicated male-identifying counselor specializing in supporting the LGBTQ+ community. With a warm, empathetic approach, I create a safe space where you can freely explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgment. My goal is to empower you on your journey to self-acceptance, resilience, and authenticity.
(782) 812-3672 View (782) 812-3672
Photo of Chris Graham, Psychologist
Chris Graham
Psychologist
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
You may feel overwhelmed, stuck, or uncertain about where to go next in your life. You’ve been navigating challenges with relationships, emotional well-being, or self-confidence. Or maybe you want to improve your self-awareness and better understand the patterns that influence your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. You may be facing life transitions, seeking deeper connections, or simply looking for greater clarity and direction. Ultimately, you want to feel understood, supported, and empowered to create meaningful change and move forward with a renewed sense of purpose and balance.
You may feel overwhelmed, stuck, or uncertain about where to go next in your life. You’ve been navigating challenges with relationships, emotional well-being, or self-confidence. Or maybe you want to improve your self-awareness and better understand the patterns that influence your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. You may be facing life transitions, seeking deeper connections, or simply looking for greater clarity and direction. Ultimately, you want to feel understood, supported, and empowered to create meaningful change and move forward with a renewed sense of purpose and balance.
(825) 906-6867 View (825) 906-6867
Photo of Amanda Stoddard, Counsellor, MEd, RPC
Amanda Stoddard
Counsellor, MEd, RPC
3 Endorsed
Dartmouth, NS B2Y
Do you feel like you’ve lost yourself under the weight of responsibilities? You hold everything together for everyone else, but inside you feel exhausted, disconnected, or unsure of who you are now. Maybe you’re caught in cycles of overthinking, self-doubt, or people-pleasing that keep you from living in a way that truly feels like you. Despite all the inner work you’ve already done, something still seems to hold you back from creating a life that speaks to your heart.
Do you feel like you’ve lost yourself under the weight of responsibilities? You hold everything together for everyone else, but inside you feel exhausted, disconnected, or unsure of who you are now. Maybe you’re caught in cycles of overthinking, self-doubt, or people-pleasing that keep you from living in a way that truly feels like you. Despite all the inner work you’ve already done, something still seems to hold you back from creating a life that speaks to your heart.
(782) 800-6382 View (782) 800-6382
Photo of Jody Billard, Registered Social Worker, MSW
Jody Billard
Registered Social Worker, MSW
Dartmouth, NS B3B
Not accepting new clients
I believe the most important relationship we’ll ever have is with ourselves. When we experience trauma, how we view our world, self & others, changes. Even after the trauma has passed, our minds make us believe we are still in danger which makes it difficult to feel calm. Trauma causes intrusive thoughts, cognitive distortions, flashbacks & nightmares, which can lead to depression, anxiety, avoidance & maladaptive coping strategies including substance misuse. Feeling overwhelmed & managing intense emotions can be difficult. If this sounds like you, I am interested in working with you to heal past wounds & regain a sense of control.
I believe the most important relationship we’ll ever have is with ourselves. When we experience trauma, how we view our world, self & others, changes. Even after the trauma has passed, our minds make us believe we are still in danger which makes it difficult to feel calm. Trauma causes intrusive thoughts, cognitive distortions, flashbacks & nightmares, which can lead to depression, anxiety, avoidance & maladaptive coping strategies including substance misuse. Feeling overwhelmed & managing intense emotions can be difficult. If this sounds like you, I am interested in working with you to heal past wounds & regain a sense of control.
(782) 800-8374 View (782) 800-8374
Photo of Deandrea McIntosh, Counsellor, MA, RCT-C
Deandrea McIntosh
Counsellor, MA, RCT-C
1 Endorsed
Dartmouth, NS B3B
I work with teens, adults, and couples, who are struggling with things like anxiety, depression, perfectionism, people pleasing, relationship issues, and more. We often need help navigating this ever-changing world, and I'm looking forward to navigating it with you! If you’ve been struggling and are ready for counselling, I’m here to help support you on your journey to mental wellbeing!
I work with teens, adults, and couples, who are struggling with things like anxiety, depression, perfectionism, people pleasing, relationship issues, and more. We often need help navigating this ever-changing world, and I'm looking forward to navigating it with you! If you’ve been struggling and are ready for counselling, I’m here to help support you on your journey to mental wellbeing!
(782) 222-1018 View (782) 222-1018
Photo of Angela Daw, Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP, CCC, CCTSI
Angela Daw
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP, CCC, CCTSI
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Are the impacts of trauma ruining and running your life? You've come to the right place. Are you feeling constant pain, easily triggered, or disconnected from things you once loved? Facing a major life shift and questioning who you are? Maybe you've lost someone dear, and the loneliness feels overwhelming, or you’re struggling to manage emotions when life doesn't go as planned. If any of this hits home, let’s talk. As a trauma specialist, I help clients build self-compassion and tap into their inner strength to heal, connect, and achieve their goals.
Are the impacts of trauma ruining and running your life? You've come to the right place. Are you feeling constant pain, easily triggered, or disconnected from things you once loved? Facing a major life shift and questioning who you are? Maybe you've lost someone dear, and the loneliness feels overwhelming, or you’re struggling to manage emotions when life doesn't go as planned. If any of this hits home, let’s talk. As a trauma specialist, I help clients build self-compassion and tap into their inner strength to heal, connect, and achieve their goals.
(343) 305-1992 View (343) 305-1992
Photo of Jillian Dollimont - Jillian Dollimont Equus: Equine Assisted Cnslng, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Jillian Dollimont Equus: Equine Assisted Cnslng
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Halifax, NS B3L
Hi, my name is Jillian and I offer evidence based therapy with the option of incorporating horses into the therapy process (Equine Assisted Counselling). I work with adults, youth and children; and focus on treatment of anxiety, depression, emotional regulation, self-esteem, social-emotional challenges, and processing difficult life changes. Animal assisted therapy comes with special benefits to our well-being. But including animals in the counselling process is up to you! You (and/or your children) deserve to feel better and enjoy life. Let's get there together.
Hi, my name is Jillian and I offer evidence based therapy with the option of incorporating horses into the therapy process (Equine Assisted Counselling). I work with adults, youth and children; and focus on treatment of anxiety, depression, emotional regulation, self-esteem, social-emotional challenges, and processing difficult life changes. Animal assisted therapy comes with special benefits to our well-being. But including animals in the counselling process is up to you! You (and/or your children) deserve to feel better and enjoy life. Let's get there together.
(902) 905-3650 View (902) 905-3650
Photo of Danielle Jakubiak, Counsellor, MA, MMus, MTA, RCT, CCC
Danielle Jakubiak
Counsellor, MA, MMus, MTA, RCT, CCC
1 Endorsed
Halifax, NS B3H
Waitlist for new clients
You may face sadness, worry, repetitive thoughts, following experiences that are tough to talk about, violence and trauma resulting in numbness, isolation. Maybe you want to dig deeper, to better understand these events and how they are impacting your life now. You may feel increasingly ready to move through and beyond the difficulties you face, to embrace what feels more like the real you. I am trained to work creatively with folks who are in the midst of life’s challenges, to help them process and cope with their emotions. I know how to work with trauma, survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence, depression and anxiety.
You may face sadness, worry, repetitive thoughts, following experiences that are tough to talk about, violence and trauma resulting in numbness, isolation. Maybe you want to dig deeper, to better understand these events and how they are impacting your life now. You may feel increasingly ready to move through and beyond the difficulties you face, to embrace what feels more like the real you. I am trained to work creatively with folks who are in the midst of life’s challenges, to help them process and cope with their emotions. I know how to work with trauma, survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence, depression and anxiety.
(902) 702-3680 View (902) 702-3680
Photo of Liraz Rahinshtein, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Liraz Rahinshtein
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
I am a registered social worker with over 23 years of experience, holding a Master of Social Work with a clinical specialization from Ben Gurion University. My career began as a mental health officer, a role I held for a decade. Since moving to canada, I have worked in both the nonprofit sector, supporting individuals with disabilities in finding meaningful employment, and in the public healthcare system, focusing on community mental health. These diverse experiences have shaped my practice and deepened my commitment to meeting clients where they are.
I am a registered social worker with over 23 years of experience, holding a Master of Social Work with a clinical specialization from Ben Gurion University. My career began as a mental health officer, a role I held for a decade. Since moving to canada, I have worked in both the nonprofit sector, supporting individuals with disabilities in finding meaningful employment, and in the public healthcare system, focusing on community mental health. These diverse experiences have shaped my practice and deepened my commitment to meeting clients where they are.
(782) 202-9213 View (782) 202-9213
Photo of Sheila Ago, Counsellor, BA Hons, MDiv, M Ed, CCC, RCT
Sheila Ago
Counsellor, BA Hons, MDiv, M Ed, CCC, RCT
3 Endorsed
Lewis Lake, NS B3Z
When was the last time you felt a sense of wellness and peace? When was the last time you felt inner joy and equanimity? We all make mistakes and we all suffer from other people's mistakes and wrong done to us. However, we don't have to continue to live with the same pain and loss tomorrow.
When was the last time you felt a sense of wellness and peace? When was the last time you felt inner joy and equanimity? We all make mistakes and we all suffer from other people's mistakes and wrong done to us. However, we don't have to continue to live with the same pain and loss tomorrow.
(902) 707-0168 View (902) 707-0168
Photo of Heather Astroff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Heather Astroff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
My name is Heather Astroff and I am a registered clinical social worker. I hold a Bachelor of Social Work from McGill University and a Master of Social Work from New York University. have been a practicing clinician for over twenty-five years in healthcare and community based mental health settings. As a therapist, partner and mother of two, I understand the joys and struggles of keeping our complex lives in balance.
My name is Heather Astroff and I am a registered clinical social worker. I hold a Bachelor of Social Work from McGill University and a Master of Social Work from New York University. have been a practicing clinician for over twenty-five years in healthcare and community based mental health settings. As a therapist, partner and mother of two, I understand the joys and struggles of keeping our complex lives in balance.
(782) 222-7442 View (782) 222-7442
Photo of Luci Belknap, Psychologist, MA
Luci Belknap
Psychologist, MA
Bedford, NS B4A
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Registered Psychologist who works individually with adults (19+) who are experiencing posttraumatic stress, dissociative symptoms, depression, and anxiety, among other issues. I specialize in ADHD/ASD support and LGBTQIA2+ health, working from an anti-oppressive framework to provide care for folks belonging to marginalized groups. I am transgender and use they/them pronouns. Sessions are client-led unless supplementary structure is requested by the client.
I am a Registered Psychologist who works individually with adults (19+) who are experiencing posttraumatic stress, dissociative symptoms, depression, and anxiety, among other issues. I specialize in ADHD/ASD support and LGBTQIA2+ health, working from an anti-oppressive framework to provide care for folks belonging to marginalized groups. I am transgender and use they/them pronouns. Sessions are client-led unless supplementary structure is requested by the client.
(902) 440-7528 View (902) 440-7528
Photo of Ashley Noonan, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, BED, 200hYTT
Ashley Noonan
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, BED, 200hYTT
Online Only
I am here in the messiness of life with you, because my priority is to normalize your humanness. Regardless of what you are seeking therapy for, I create a safe space for you to be vulnerable, and honest so that we can work together to support you in aligning with your heart-led authenticity. I incorporate aspects of somatic and nervous system awareness in my process because as a bottom-up therapist I deeply believe we store our traumas in our body, and developing relationships with our bodies is directly related to our healing. I enjoy working with all clients seeking deep inner-alignment in their lives.
I am here in the messiness of life with you, because my priority is to normalize your humanness. Regardless of what you are seeking therapy for, I create a safe space for you to be vulnerable, and honest so that we can work together to support you in aligning with your heart-led authenticity. I incorporate aspects of somatic and nervous system awareness in my process because as a bottom-up therapist I deeply believe we store our traumas in our body, and developing relationships with our bodies is directly related to our healing. I enjoy working with all clients seeking deep inner-alignment in their lives.
(226) 798-0870 View (226) 798-0870
Photo of Dr. Lori Brown, Counsellor, PsyD, CCC, RPC-C
Dr. Lori Brown
Counsellor, PsyD, CCC, RPC-C
1 Endorsed
Bedford, NS B4A
I firmly believe that clients are the experts of their own lives. My role is to provide a safe, empathetic space where we can collaboratively explore your goals and the issues most important to you. I am committed to honouring your self-determination and resilience throughout the therapeutic journey. Throughout my 20 years, I have supported individuals, couples, families, and children navigating challenges such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, relationship issues, grief, and loss.
I firmly believe that clients are the experts of their own lives. My role is to provide a safe, empathetic space where we can collaboratively explore your goals and the issues most important to you. I am committed to honouring your self-determination and resilience throughout the therapeutic journey. Throughout my 20 years, I have supported individuals, couples, families, and children navigating challenges such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, relationship issues, grief, and loss.
(782) 201-3769 View (782) 201-3769
Photo of Tara Nardocchio, Counsellor, MA, RCT
Tara Nardocchio
Counsellor, MA, RCT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I aim to help clients by encouraging an exploration of their current state. My approach is non-pathologizing and as such I do not classify clients based on their symptoms, but rather seek to understand each individual's life experiences that led to their present situation. I work with clients to explore how and why their behaviours originated. We then create strategies to achieve goals by building on strengths and adapting patterns that are no longer useful. I view the healing process as learning and unlearning, which unfolds in the presence of a safe therapeutic space.
I aim to help clients by encouraging an exploration of their current state. My approach is non-pathologizing and as such I do not classify clients based on their symptoms, but rather seek to understand each individual's life experiences that led to their present situation. I work with clients to explore how and why their behaviours originated. We then create strategies to achieve goals by building on strengths and adapting patterns that are no longer useful. I view the healing process as learning and unlearning, which unfolds in the presence of a safe therapeutic space.
(782) 800-8370 View (782) 800-8370

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Eastern Passage, NS

< 10

Counsellors in Eastern Passage, NS who prioritize treating:

100% Coping Skills
100% Stress
75% Relationship Issues
75% Anxiety
75% Other
75% Self Esteem
75% Women's Issues

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% SunLife
67% TELUS Health
67% Medavie Blue Cross

How Counsellors in Eastern Passage, NS see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Eastern Passage?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.