Therapists in Bathurst, NB

Photo of Jeremy Varner, Counsellor, MA, CCC, LCT, TICT-CT
Jeremy Varner
Counsellor, MA, CCC, LCT, TICT-CT
3 Endorsed
Bathurst, NB E2A
Therapy offers you a space to slow down, take off the mask, and reconnect with yourself without judgment. Whether you're facing burnout, compassion fatigue, anxiety, imposter syndrome, or a sense of disconnection from the life you’ve worked so hard to build, therapy can help. We understand the unique challenges of your work—and how they ripple into every area of your life. With services available in English and French, in person or virtual, this is where you can exhale.
Therapy offers you a space to slow down, take off the mask, and reconnect with yourself without judgment. Whether you're facing burnout, compassion fatigue, anxiety, imposter syndrome, or a sense of disconnection from the life you’ve worked so hard to build, therapy can help. We understand the unique challenges of your work—and how they ripple into every area of your life. With services available in English and French, in person or virtual, this is where you can exhale.
(506) 502-1790 View (506) 502-1790
Photo of Marie-Hélène LeBouthillier, Registered Social Worker, RSW
Marie-Hélène LeBouthillier
Registered Social Worker, RSW
2 Endorsed
Bathurst, NB E2A
At IronMind Wellness, we specialize in supporting those in high-stress and helping professions—people like you who give so much, often without pause. Individual therapy offers you a space to slow down, take off the mask, and reconnect with yourself without judgment. Whether you're facing burnout, compassion fatigue, anxiety, imposter syndrome, or a sense of disconnection from the life you’ve worked so hard to build, therapy can help. We understand the unique challenges of your work—and how they ripple into every area of your life. With services available in English and French, this is where you can exhale.
At IronMind Wellness, we specialize in supporting those in high-stress and helping professions—people like you who give so much, often without pause. Individual therapy offers you a space to slow down, take off the mask, and reconnect with yourself without judgment. Whether you're facing burnout, compassion fatigue, anxiety, imposter syndrome, or a sense of disconnection from the life you’ve worked so hard to build, therapy can help. We understand the unique challenges of your work—and how they ripple into every area of your life. With services available in English and French, this is where you can exhale.
(506) 804-5947 View (506) 804-5947
Photo of Amanda Dewar - Strength Counselling Services, Counsellor, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP
Strength Counselling Services
Counsellor, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP
Online Only
Note that we currently provide online counselling services exclusively. Our diverse and experienced team of counselors is capable of handling nearly any mental health issue. We adopt a holistic approach to healing, emphasizing mental, emotional, spiritual, and physical well-being. We serve individuals, couples, families, and groups with equal dedication. If a client is not completely satisfied, we commit to either finding a suitable replacement within our team or recommending an external professional not affiliated with our organization.
Note that we currently provide online counselling services exclusively. Our diverse and experienced team of counselors is capable of handling nearly any mental health issue. We adopt a holistic approach to healing, emphasizing mental, emotional, spiritual, and physical well-being. We serve individuals, couples, families, and groups with equal dedication. If a client is not completely satisfied, we commit to either finding a suitable replacement within our team or recommending an external professional not affiliated with our organization.
(506) 703-5340 View (506) 703-5340
Photo of Mathieu Cormier, Counsellor, MEd, LCT, CCC
Mathieu Cormier
Counsellor, MEd, LCT, CCC
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
When anxiety, relationship stress, attention challenges, or the general “my brain is doing a lot right now” feeling starts piling up, life can get complicated fast. If your brain tends to run in a lot of directions at once, you’re not alone. I work with teens, adults, and parents who are thoughtful, capable, and often carrying more internally than people around them realize. Many are used to being the thoughtful one for others but rarely get space to sort through their own experiences. Together, we slow things down and build changes that feel doable — not like another item on your already crowded list.
When anxiety, relationship stress, attention challenges, or the general “my brain is doing a lot right now” feeling starts piling up, life can get complicated fast. If your brain tends to run in a lot of directions at once, you’re not alone. I work with teens, adults, and parents who are thoughtful, capable, and often carrying more internally than people around them realize. Many are used to being the thoughtful one for others but rarely get space to sort through their own experiences. Together, we slow things down and build changes that feel doable — not like another item on your already crowded list.
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Photo of Mélodie Vienneau, Registered Social Worker, RSW
Mélodie Vienneau
Registered Social Worker, RSW
Serves Area
If you are feeling that you need to seek support for challenges that you are presently facing in your life or having trouble coping with certain situation or symptoms. I invite you to allow yourself to seek this help. It is the biggest, but most worthy step you will take towards your recovery. My goal is that you feel respected in your own recovery and will be working towards gaining tools and building on your inner strengths. I can also accompany you with EMDR and sensorimotor psychotherapy as a treatment
If you are feeling that you need to seek support for challenges that you are presently facing in your life or having trouble coping with certain situation or symptoms. I invite you to allow yourself to seek this help. It is the biggest, but most worthy step you will take towards your recovery. My goal is that you feel respected in your own recovery and will be working towards gaining tools and building on your inner strengths. I can also accompany you with EMDR and sensorimotor psychotherapy as a treatment
(506) 710-2392 View (506) 710-2392
Photo of MacKenzie Morehouse, Counsellor, RCT-C, CCC, MA
MacKenzie Morehouse
Counsellor, RCT-C, CCC, MA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Creating strong therapeutic relationships with each of my clients is always my goal to help develop a safe, comfortable space. My focus is always on my client’s unique needs and being authentic in my approaches. Therapy isn't always easy, but it can have incredible long-term benefits. It's a privilege to be a part of that journey.
Creating strong therapeutic relationships with each of my clients is always my goal to help develop a safe, comfortable space. My focus is always on my client’s unique needs and being authentic in my approaches. Therapy isn't always easy, but it can have incredible long-term benefits. It's a privilege to be a part of that journey.
(506) 315-4419 View (506) 315-4419
Photo of Joanna Nowotarski, Psychologist, MA, RPsych
Joanna Nowotarski
Psychologist, MA, RPsych
Serves Area
At times, life can feel overwhelming or uncertain, especially when navigating past trauma, anxiety, relationship struggles, depression, or ongoing stress. I work with clients who want to feel more connected with themselves, in their relationships, supported in their mental health, and in control of how they respond to stress, anxiety, or past experiences. We’ll explore what’s holding you back, ease the weight of old patterns, and create space for growth. I specialize in trauma and sexual violence, but my expertise also includes anxiety, depression, relationship issues, addiction, emotional processing, and general mental health.
At times, life can feel overwhelming or uncertain, especially when navigating past trauma, anxiety, relationship struggles, depression, or ongoing stress. I work with clients who want to feel more connected with themselves, in their relationships, supported in their mental health, and in control of how they respond to stress, anxiety, or past experiences. We’ll explore what’s holding you back, ease the weight of old patterns, and create space for growth. I specialize in trauma and sexual violence, but my expertise also includes anxiety, depression, relationship issues, addiction, emotional processing, and general mental health.
(587) 705-0716 View (587) 705-0716
Photo of Lisa Savage, Registered Social Worker, MA, RSW, BSW
Lisa Savage
Registered Social Worker, MA, RSW, BSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello, I’m Lisa—a Registered Social Worker with an MA in Counselling Psychology. Life can feel overwhelming, especially when you're navigating relationship struggles, grief, low self-esteem, boundaries, or major decisions. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you’ll feel heard, validated, and supported. I believe in a holistic approach, combining empathy with practical strategies to help you heal, grow, and move forward. My approach is centered on empowerment, helping you find ways to live a more fulfilling and balanced life.
Hello, I’m Lisa—a Registered Social Worker with an MA in Counselling Psychology. Life can feel overwhelming, especially when you're navigating relationship struggles, grief, low self-esteem, boundaries, or major decisions. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you’ll feel heard, validated, and supported. I believe in a holistic approach, combining empathy with practical strategies to help you heal, grow, and move forward. My approach is centered on empowerment, helping you find ways to live a more fulfilling and balanced life.
(506) 799-2124 View (506) 799-2124
Photo of Emily Tardif, Counsellor, MA, BA, BTh, LCT-C
Emily Tardif
Counsellor, MA, BA, BTh, LCT-C
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Have you ever been asked, “How are you doing?” and responded, “I’m doing great!” when, really, you’re struggling to get out of bed, it feels like everything is falling apart, or your mind won’t stop racing and overthinking that one conversation? Well, you aren’t alone! Many people experience anxiety, depression, hurt, and a wide range of adverse life events that they often hide behind polite smiles and responses. Leigh Bardugo once wrote, "Maybe the gift of being human is that we do not give up - even when all hope is lost." Do you feel like all hope is lost? Then, let's get together, be human, and find your reason not to give up.
Have you ever been asked, “How are you doing?” and responded, “I’m doing great!” when, really, you’re struggling to get out of bed, it feels like everything is falling apart, or your mind won’t stop racing and overthinking that one conversation? Well, you aren’t alone! Many people experience anxiety, depression, hurt, and a wide range of adverse life events that they often hide behind polite smiles and responses. Leigh Bardugo once wrote, "Maybe the gift of being human is that we do not give up - even when all hope is lost." Do you feel like all hope is lost? Then, let's get together, be human, and find your reason not to give up.
(506) 706-6751 View (506) 706-6751
Photo of Jennifer L. Arseneau - Mind Full Elements Counselling with Jennifer, Counsellor, MA, CCC
Mind Full Elements Counselling with Jennifer
Counsellor, MA, CCC
Serves Area
Welcome, I'm Jen I provide talk therapy for people moving through grief, life changes and career uncertainty or simply trying to make sense of where they are. If you're ready, this is a space to slow down, be heard and explore what matters most to you. what's been weighing on you lately?
Welcome, I'm Jen I provide talk therapy for people moving through grief, life changes and career uncertainty or simply trying to make sense of where they are. If you're ready, this is a space to slow down, be heard and explore what matters most to you. what's been weighing on you lately?
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More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Brittany Lynn Gray, Counsellor, BA, MEd, LCT-C
Brittany Lynn Gray
Counsellor, BA, MEd, LCT-C
My name is Brittany Lynn Gray. I am a Mi'kmaq and Acadian woman from Oinpegitjoig (Pabineau First Nation), carrying the spirit name Gaqtugaweq (Thunder Woman). This name reflects my role in bringing awareness and using my voice with purpose and care. I work with Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, committed to providing care that respects each person's story, identity, and way of knowing. I meet you where you are with presence and care.
My name is Brittany Lynn Gray. I am a Mi'kmaq and Acadian woman from Oinpegitjoig (Pabineau First Nation), carrying the spirit name Gaqtugaweq (Thunder Woman). This name reflects my role in bringing awareness and using my voice with purpose and care. I work with Indigenous and non-Indigenous clients, committed to providing care that respects each person's story, identity, and way of knowing. I meet you where you are with presence and care.
(506) 308-2366 View (506) 308-2366

Online Therapists

Photo of Tyler Curry, Counsellor, LCT-C
Tyler Curry
Counsellor, LCT-C
1 Endorsed
Richibucto, NB E4W
Tyler is a Licensed Counselling Therapist-Candidate (LCT-C) that works at Vyve Psychology. He offers in person session in the Richibucto and the Moncton office. Tyler holds a Master’s degree in Counselling Psychology. Tyler is passionate about supporting individuals aged 12 and above in their personal journeys toward healing and growth. Tyler has a very compassionate and welcoming personality that felt comfortable even at our first meeting.
Tyler is a Licensed Counselling Therapist-Candidate (LCT-C) that works at Vyve Psychology. He offers in person session in the Richibucto and the Moncton office. Tyler holds a Master’s degree in Counselling Psychology. Tyler is passionate about supporting individuals aged 12 and above in their personal journeys toward healing and growth. Tyler has a very compassionate and welcoming personality that felt comfortable even at our first meeting.
(506) 502-1073 View (506) 502-1073
Photo of Mallory Isaac, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, RP, LCT
Mallory Isaac
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, RP, LCT
Online Only
My name is Mallory Isaac, and I am licensed to provide psychotherapy and counselling services in New Brunswick (LCT), Quebec (MFT), and Ontario (RP). I offer individual and couples counselling in a warm, supportive, and non-judgmental environment. My approach is strengths-based, trauma-informed, and collaborative, integrating a variety of evidence-informed t
My name is Mallory Isaac, and I am licensed to provide psychotherapy and counselling services in New Brunswick (LCT), Quebec (MFT), and Ontario (RP). I offer individual and couples counselling in a warm, supportive, and non-judgmental environment. My approach is strengths-based, trauma-informed, and collaborative, integrating a variety of evidence-informed t
(581) 508-3648 View (581) 508-3648
Photo of Valerie Saulnier - Harbouring Wellness Inc, Occupational Therapist, Valerie Saulnier, LCT-C, OT
Harbouring Wellness Inc
Occupational Therapist, Valerie Saulnier, LCT-C, OT
Bouctouche, NB E4S
Providing a safe, confidential, and supportive space to explore thoughts, feelings, and life challenges. Through evidence-based approaches, the objective is to help individuals navigate a wide range of issues, including stress, anxiety, depression, grief, relationship difficulties, trauma, and life transitions. The focus is to empower clients to understand themselves better, develop healthy coping skills, and create meaningful change in their lives. Each session is tailored to meet individual needs, fostering growth, healing, and resilience.
Providing a safe, confidential, and supportive space to explore thoughts, feelings, and life challenges. Through evidence-based approaches, the objective is to help individuals navigate a wide range of issues, including stress, anxiety, depression, grief, relationship difficulties, trauma, and life transitions. The focus is to empower clients to understand themselves better, develop healthy coping skills, and create meaningful change in their lives. Each session is tailored to meet individual needs, fostering growth, healing, and resilience.
(506) 497-2723 View (506) 497-2723
Photo of Shelley Mountain-Collette - Aqua Creative Counselling and Coaching, Counsellor, MA(PC), LCT, CCC, CCTP-II
Aqua Creative Counselling and Coaching
Counsellor, MA(PC), LCT, CCC, CCTP-II
Miramichi, NB E1V
Are you feeling overwhelmed by trauma, C-PTSD, grief, or anxiety and the impact it is having on you or a loved one? Is it interfering with your ability to feel joy or affecting your quality of life? My mission is to help guide you back to the parts of yourself that trauma may have silenced your voice, your body, your faith, and your joy. If you have been trying to cope on your own, I offer compassionate support and effective strategies to help you heal and move toward a fuller, more meaningful life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by trauma, C-PTSD, grief, or anxiety and the impact it is having on you or a loved one? Is it interfering with your ability to feel joy or affecting your quality of life? My mission is to help guide you back to the parts of yourself that trauma may have silenced your voice, your body, your faith, and your joy. If you have been trying to cope on your own, I offer compassionate support and effective strategies to help you heal and move toward a fuller, more meaningful life.
(506) 705-6546 View (506) 705-6546
Photo of Alexandra Poirier, Registered Social Worker, RSW, BSW, Bpsy
Alexandra Poirier
Registered Social Worker, RSW, BSW, Bpsy
Caraquet, NB E1W
Dans un monde qui valorise la vitesse et la productivité, j'aide, avec bienveillance et la Nature comme alliée, les personnes qui ressentent le besoin de ralentir à se déposer avec elle-même le temps d’un moment. Pour ce faire, j'offre un accompagnement authentique et crée un espace sécuritaire qui vous permet d’explorer vos émotions, pensées et expériences ainsi que d'approfondir votre connexion à vous-même. J'accompagne des personnes qui souhaitent approfondir leur connexion à soi et à la Nature, que ce soit pour naviguer des défis de la vie ou dans le cadre d'une démarche bienveillante de changement et de découverte de soi.
Dans un monde qui valorise la vitesse et la productivité, j'aide, avec bienveillance et la Nature comme alliée, les personnes qui ressentent le besoin de ralentir à se déposer avec elle-même le temps d’un moment. Pour ce faire, j'offre un accompagnement authentique et crée un espace sécuritaire qui vous permet d’explorer vos émotions, pensées et expériences ainsi que d'approfondir votre connexion à vous-même. J'accompagne des personnes qui souhaitent approfondir leur connexion à soi et à la Nature, que ce soit pour naviguer des défis de la vie ou dans le cadre d'une démarche bienveillante de changement et de découverte de soi.
(506) 499-0392 View (506) 499-0392
Photo of Danyka Boulay, Counsellor, LCT
Danyka Boulay
Counsellor, LCT
Grand Falls, NB E3Z
I guide my clients to step out of the automatic mode in which many of us operate daily, helping them develop a deeper understanding of themselves and make informed decisions for their well-being. My main goals are to collaborate with my clients to help them achieve emotional balance, improve interpersonal relationships, and develop adaptive strategies to face life's challenges.
I guide my clients to step out of the automatic mode in which many of us operate daily, helping them develop a deeper understanding of themselves and make informed decisions for their well-being. My main goals are to collaborate with my clients to help them achieve emotional balance, improve interpersonal relationships, and develop adaptive strategies to face life's challenges.
(506) 306-2785 View (506) 306-2785
Photo of Jordan Jardine, Counsellor, CCC, LCT
Jordan Jardine
Counsellor, CCC, LCT
2 Endorsed
Miramichi, NB E1N
Through a client centred lens, I strive to provide clients with skills and intervention strategies in hopes of optimizing their mental health and well-being.
Through a client centred lens, I strive to provide clients with skills and intervention strategies in hopes of optimizing their mental health and well-being.
(506) 497-8092 View (506) 497-8092
Photo of Christopher Ashton, Drug & Alcohol Counsellor, ICADC, CCMAC
Christopher Ashton
Drug & Alcohol Counsellor, ICADC, CCMAC
Grand Falls, NB E3Z
At TeDDs on Chapel, Centre for Neuroscience and Recovery, we have worked with clients from all walks of life, and from across Canada. We provide the true answers to rebuild one's life, relationships, careers, in retirement; free of substances and without medications for this difficult time in life. Families and loved ones of a person with addiction issues can also benefit from out program on how to deal with and help in the process of recovery. Addiction to alcohol or drugs is a progressive disorder and the sooner one engages in accessing help, the sooner and easier it is to recover. Recovery is possible.
At TeDDs on Chapel, Centre for Neuroscience and Recovery, we have worked with clients from all walks of life, and from across Canada. We provide the true answers to rebuild one's life, relationships, careers, in retirement; free of substances and without medications for this difficult time in life. Families and loved ones of a person with addiction issues can also benefit from out program on how to deal with and help in the process of recovery. Addiction to alcohol or drugs is a progressive disorder and the sooner one engages in accessing help, the sooner and easier it is to recover. Recovery is possible.
(506) 702-5032 View (506) 702-5032
Photo of Jenna Hill, Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Jenna Hill
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
3 Endorsed
Miramichi, NB E1N
As a forensic therapist specializing in high-conflict separation, parenting coordination, mediation, co-parenting counselling, parental alienation, and custody access evaluations and assessments, I've worked with hundreds of families who have struggled through the separation process to become successful co-parents. I also work with individuals or groups who have to deal with high conflict people (You know the ones. The ones who really should be in therapy but won't go, but instead create chaos everywhere), or relationships to develop better coping and conflict resolution skills, as well as those with ADHD or late diagnosed ASD.
As a forensic therapist specializing in high-conflict separation, parenting coordination, mediation, co-parenting counselling, parental alienation, and custody access evaluations and assessments, I've worked with hundreds of families who have struggled through the separation process to become successful co-parents. I also work with individuals or groups who have to deal with high conflict people (You know the ones. The ones who really should be in therapy but won't go, but instead create chaos everywhere), or relationships to develop better coping and conflict resolution skills, as well as those with ADHD or late diagnosed ASD.
(226) 455-4036 View (226) 455-4036

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Bathurst, NB

10+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Bathurst, NB who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Anxiety
100% Self Esteem
100% Stress
100% Social Anxiety
100% Health Anxiety
100% Relationship Anxiety

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% SunLife
75% Blue Cross
75% TELUS Health

How Counsellors in Bathurst, NB see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Bathurst?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.