Therapists in N0J

Photo of Amy Haertel, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Amy Haertel
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
4 Endorsed
Embro, ON N0J
Let's build a strong therapeutic alliance, reprocess memories, process emotions, manage body reactions, and build skills. Options for nature-based interventions are available in Oxford County, KW, Cambridge, and Woodstock. I accommodate online, at-home, or in-nature sessions. Trauma therapy involves facilitating psychological healing, self-growth, and understanding. We will work to identify core beliefs that emerged due to life experiences, and then begin to process and manage them with support and confidence using Polyvagal, CBT, DBT, Somatic work and EMDR.
Let's build a strong therapeutic alliance, reprocess memories, process emotions, manage body reactions, and build skills. Options for nature-based interventions are available in Oxford County, KW, Cambridge, and Woodstock. I accommodate online, at-home, or in-nature sessions. Trauma therapy involves facilitating psychological healing, self-growth, and understanding. We will work to identify core beliefs that emerged due to life experiences, and then begin to process and manage them with support and confidence using Polyvagal, CBT, DBT, Somatic work and EMDR.
(548) 708-7749 View (548) 708-7749
Photo of Adam Fath, Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP
Adam Fath
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP
4 Endorsed
Mount Elgin, ON N0J
In Person, or Online! Weekends, evenings & daytime availability! + Accepting New Clients! In-person appointments for those in South-west Oxford, Woodstock, Ingersoll, Tillsonburg, London and surrounding areas! I often work with clients who experience Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Relationship issues (friendship or intimate) and mood-related concerns. If you feel like you are struggling with any of these issues, it's okay to ask for help and I would like the opportunity to see how I can be of help. Half of the battle is reaching out, and it looks like you have taken the first step. I offer a free consultation so we can meet and chat!
In Person, or Online! Weekends, evenings & daytime availability! + Accepting New Clients! In-person appointments for those in South-west Oxford, Woodstock, Ingersoll, Tillsonburg, London and surrounding areas! I often work with clients who experience Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, Relationship issues (friendship or intimate) and mood-related concerns. If you feel like you are struggling with any of these issues, it's okay to ask for help and I would like the opportunity to see how I can be of help. Half of the battle is reaching out, and it looks like you have taken the first step. I offer a free consultation so we can meet and chat!
(343) 307-0679 View (343) 307-0679
Photo of Jaclyn Turpin - Grief/Caregivers/Agriculture- Jaclyn Turpin, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Grief/Caregivers/Agriculture- Jaclyn Turpin
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
4 Endorsed
Embro, ON N0J
Are you experiencing a change in your life? Perhaps a diagnosis, caregiving, grief, agriculture related changes or stressors. Many of the clients I support are experiencing transitions and losses in their lives and feeling stuck and uncertain about their future. I am passionate about working with those who are going through changes and transitions and wondering about what's next.
Are you experiencing a change in your life? Perhaps a diagnosis, caregiving, grief, agriculture related changes or stressors. Many of the clients I support are experiencing transitions and losses in their lives and feeling stuck and uncertain about their future. I am passionate about working with those who are going through changes and transitions and wondering about what's next.
(226) 799-0914 View (226) 799-0914
Photo of Natalie N Daniel, Counsellor, RSSW, CYW
Natalie N Daniel
Counsellor, RSSW, CYW
1 Endorsed
You may have reached a point in life where you’ve done all the right things — therapy, self-help books, mindfulness, perhaps years of personal growth — yet something still feels unsettled inside. You’re self-aware, compassionate, and insightful, but your nervous system remains on alert, your body carries tension, and your mind keeps looping old stories that no longer align with who you are becoming. Maybe you sense a deeper calling for change, though the next step feels uncertain. You identify as empathic, intuitive, or spiritually curious — someone who feels deeply, takes responsibility for others and yet longs for more calm, more
You may have reached a point in life where you’ve done all the right things — therapy, self-help books, mindfulness, perhaps years of personal growth — yet something still feels unsettled inside. You’re self-aware, compassionate, and insightful, but your nervous system remains on alert, your body carries tension, and your mind keeps looping old stories that no longer align with who you are becoming. Maybe you sense a deeper calling for change, though the next step feels uncertain. You identify as empathic, intuitive, or spiritually curious — someone who feels deeply, takes responsibility for others and yet longs for more calm, more
(226) 781-3743 View (226) 781-3743
Photo of Mandy Adam, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Mandy Adam
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
2 Endorsed
Plattsville, ON N0J
One time I saw a friend at the store holding a cake. I asked, “What are you celebrating?” He appeared confused, but then realized I was looking at the cake and with a sad smile said, “This is an eating my feelings kind of cake." I wonder how often in life others assume we are celebrating, but underneath our smiles we are hiding our pain. Do you ever feel that way? On the outside everything looks fine but inwardly you are hurting? Maybe it has always felt like no one will ever understand you. My desire as a therapist is to meet you where you are at in your life story.
One time I saw a friend at the store holding a cake. I asked, “What are you celebrating?” He appeared confused, but then realized I was looking at the cake and with a sad smile said, “This is an eating my feelings kind of cake." I wonder how often in life others assume we are celebrating, but underneath our smiles we are hiding our pain. Do you ever feel that way? On the outside everything looks fine but inwardly you are hurting? Maybe it has always felt like no one will ever understand you. My desire as a therapist is to meet you where you are at in your life story.
(548) 490-5328 View (548) 490-5328
Photo of Elizabeth Faus, Registered Psychotherapist, Hons BA, MA, RP
Elizabeth Faus
Registered Psychotherapist, Hons BA, MA, RP
2 Endorsed
Plattsville, ON N0J
Immediate availability for new clients! Are you feeling overwhelmed and discouraged in life? Whether you're dealing with the lingering effects of trauma, loss, anxiety, depression, or the complexities of relationships, know that you are not alone and that healing is possible. I am specifically trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy which is an evidenced-based psychotherapy method proven to be effective in treating trauma and depression.
Immediate availability for new clients! Are you feeling overwhelmed and discouraged in life? Whether you're dealing with the lingering effects of trauma, loss, anxiety, depression, or the complexities of relationships, know that you are not alone and that healing is possible. I am specifically trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy which is an evidenced-based psychotherapy method proven to be effective in treating trauma and depression.
(226) 756-2293 View (226) 756-2293
Photo of Ann Tichelaar Swerdfeger, Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Ann Tichelaar Swerdfeger
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
2 Endorsed
Norwich, ON N0J
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck because of your grief, trauma experiences, relationship issues or anxiety and want someone to help sort things out, work through effective strategies....Or perhaps your child or teen are feeling overwhelmed? Are you looking for strategies to assist with structuring of routines, support with understanding your child’s individual needs OR maybe you would like individual support or couple counselling? We have a team of skilled therapists that are ready to help!
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck because of your grief, trauma experiences, relationship issues or anxiety and want someone to help sort things out, work through effective strategies....Or perhaps your child or teen are feeling overwhelmed? Are you looking for strategies to assist with structuring of routines, support with understanding your child’s individual needs OR maybe you would like individual support or couple counselling? We have a team of skilled therapists that are ready to help!
(548) 490-4286 View (548) 490-4286
Photo of Amanda McCooeye, Registered Social Worker, MA CYC, CCYC, RSW
Amanda McCooeye
Registered Social Worker, MA CYC, CCYC, RSW
3 Endorsed
Norwich, ON N0J
We are all on a journey, our own journey. Sometimes that journey has bumps, twists, turns, and roadblocks that are super tough. Having someone to ride along beside you on your journey, even just for a short time, can be helpful. I have 24+ years experience supporting young people with a variety of struggles including anxiety, depression, trauma/PTSD, stress, behavioural struggles, emotional regulation, self-esteem, authentic self, parent-child relationships, and substance abuse. I love to walk young people through the exploration of their story and to encourage them to become the best version of themselves.
We are all on a journey, our own journey. Sometimes that journey has bumps, twists, turns, and roadblocks that are super tough. Having someone to ride along beside you on your journey, even just for a short time, can be helpful. I have 24+ years experience supporting young people with a variety of struggles including anxiety, depression, trauma/PTSD, stress, behavioural struggles, emotional regulation, self-esteem, authentic self, parent-child relationships, and substance abuse. I love to walk young people through the exploration of their story and to encourage them to become the best version of themselves.
(226) 790-4238 View (226) 790-4238
Photo of Erin Ferguson, Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, BComm
Erin Ferguson
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, BComm
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Through a collaborative, compassionate, non judgemental approach I work with Individuals (16+), Couples and Families. Attachment science has shown that we all want the same things-to be loved, accepted, safe, and connected. However, sometimes previous experiences have created patterns of self-protective behaviours that actually create/maintain distance from those we love. By identifying negative patterns and understanding how/why these behaviours are in place, clients can begin to heal from past wounds and embrace vulnerability, authenticity and improve relationships with themselves and the people most important to them.
Through a collaborative, compassionate, non judgemental approach I work with Individuals (16+), Couples and Families. Attachment science has shown that we all want the same things-to be loved, accepted, safe, and connected. However, sometimes previous experiences have created patterns of self-protective behaviours that actually create/maintain distance from those we love. By identifying negative patterns and understanding how/why these behaviours are in place, clients can begin to heal from past wounds and embrace vulnerability, authenticity and improve relationships with themselves and the people most important to them.
(226) 286-0369 View (226) 286-0369
Photo of Christine J.c. Ellwood, Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, MNTCW, RSW
Christine J.c. Ellwood
Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, MNTCW, RSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you’ve been feeling stuck, anxious, or weighed down by unresolved emotions from the past, you’re not alone. Maybe you’re hoping to find clarity, stronger boundaries, or a deeper sense of self. If you're ready for change — even if you're not sure where to begin — we can explore what’s been holding you back. Together, we’ll work toward healing and growth. And if some creative expressive arts approaches are appealing, we can blend some of that in with the traditional talk therapy to bring about more insight and help you feel more grounded, empowered, and connected to who you truly are.
If you’ve been feeling stuck, anxious, or weighed down by unresolved emotions from the past, you’re not alone. Maybe you’re hoping to find clarity, stronger boundaries, or a deeper sense of self. If you're ready for change — even if you're not sure where to begin — we can explore what’s been holding you back. Together, we’ll work toward healing and growth. And if some creative expressive arts approaches are appealing, we can blend some of that in with the traditional talk therapy to bring about more insight and help you feel more grounded, empowered, and connected to who you truly are.
(639) 389-9888 View (639) 389-9888
Photo of Dan Vervaecke, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Dan Vervaecke
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
2 Endorsed
Princeton, ON N0J
Waitlist for new clients
I want to meet you where you are at. We all need a little help sometimes. I work hard to create a collaborative and empowering environment to adapt to whatever needs you have. I strive to offer an open minded and comfortable space for those who are neurodivergent, neurotypical and people across the gender spectrum. I am here to listen and provide a safe space to talk about any struggles you have. I offer individual and couples sessions . I am accepting new clients and would love to talk to you about what you need.
I want to meet you where you are at. We all need a little help sometimes. I work hard to create a collaborative and empowering environment to adapt to whatever needs you have. I strive to offer an open minded and comfortable space for those who are neurodivergent, neurotypical and people across the gender spectrum. I am here to listen and provide a safe space to talk about any struggles you have. I offer individual and couples sessions . I am accepting new clients and would love to talk to you about what you need.
(226) 320-7432 View (226) 320-7432
Photo of Colleen Mckay - Stepping Stones Counselling Services, Registered Psychotherapist, MS, CBT, Gottman, PTSD
Stepping Stones Counselling Services
Registered Psychotherapist, MS, CBT, Gottman, PTSD
Online Only
As a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist my goal is to help you gain insight to how your emotions influence your thought process. By helping you identify issues that are causing you conflict we then can work on formulating solutions. With this understanding we then can focus on changing maladaptive behaviours to more positive ones. The goal of CBT is to teach you strategies so that you can move forward in your life. CBT is effective with adults and children. We all have the ability to change things in our lives, we just need to take the first steps.
As a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist my goal is to help you gain insight to how your emotions influence your thought process. By helping you identify issues that are causing you conflict we then can work on formulating solutions. With this understanding we then can focus on changing maladaptive behaviours to more positive ones. The goal of CBT is to teach you strategies so that you can move forward in your life. CBT is effective with adults and children. We all have the ability to change things in our lives, we just need to take the first steps.
(844) 330-9882 View (844) 330-9882
Photo of Kelly Nancekivell, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Kelly Nancekivell
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
1 Endorsed
Online Only
In our work together, I use an number of different interventions tailored to your personal needs and focus on cultivating self-compassion, particularly for those struggling with self-criticism, shame, or overwhelm. Whether you're dealing with the restlessness and frustration of ADHD, the constant worry of anxiety, the weight of depression, the emotional complexity of grief, or the uncertainty of life transitions, I believe that compassion for yourself, and capitalizing on inner strengths can be a powerful tool in navigating these challenges.
In our work together, I use an number of different interventions tailored to your personal needs and focus on cultivating self-compassion, particularly for those struggling with self-criticism, shame, or overwhelm. Whether you're dealing with the restlessness and frustration of ADHD, the constant worry of anxiety, the weight of depression, the emotional complexity of grief, or the uncertainty of life transitions, I believe that compassion for yourself, and capitalizing on inner strengths can be a powerful tool in navigating these challenges.
(226) 640-8901 View (226) 640-8901
Photo of Danielle Vansevenant, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Danielle Vansevenant
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Online Only
I specialize in working with adults and teens, and am currently accepting new clients, virtually. My expertise includes anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, ASD, ADHD, stress, and self-confidence/esteem. I have a strong background working with marginalized populations, first responders, military personnel, and specialize in supporting clients within the LGBTQ2IA+ community.
I specialize in working with adults and teens, and am currently accepting new clients, virtually. My expertise includes anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, ASD, ADHD, stress, and self-confidence/esteem. I have a strong background working with marginalized populations, first responders, military personnel, and specialize in supporting clients within the LGBTQ2IA+ community.
(548) 409-5830 View (548) 409-5830
Photo of Heidi Klett, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, CCAC
Heidi Klett
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, CCAC
Online Only
Are you ready to heal from trauma, anxiety and addiction? Do you have an inner critic that makes you doubt yourself? Does shame and low self-esteem still linger? Is substance use the only thing that provides relief? Does anxiety make it impossible for your brain to shut off? In sessions, we tackle these challenges head on and you will walk away from each session with coping tools and new insights to stop the struggles and patterns that keep you stuck. I want you to know, healing is absolutely possible! Imagine a life where struggles no longer overtake you and you feel safe, secure and confident in yourself.
Are you ready to heal from trauma, anxiety and addiction? Do you have an inner critic that makes you doubt yourself? Does shame and low self-esteem still linger? Is substance use the only thing that provides relief? Does anxiety make it impossible for your brain to shut off? In sessions, we tackle these challenges head on and you will walk away from each session with coping tools and new insights to stop the struggles and patterns that keep you stuck. I want you to know, healing is absolutely possible! Imagine a life where struggles no longer overtake you and you feel safe, secure and confident in yourself.
(548) 290-7677 View (548) 290-7677
Photo of Mary Walton, Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Mary Walton
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Hey! Welcome! Just in looking at your options on Psychology today, you've taken the first step in figuring out... well, your next steps! Life can be really overwhelming sometimes, and even just sourcing where that overwhelm comes from can be a challenge. Whether its tough stuff you've had to go through, a person in your life causing pain, or worry about the future, I want to help you process these experiences and develop concrete strategies to step into tomorrow with hope, positivity, and purpose. Please note that I only work virtually at this time (phone or video services).
Hey! Welcome! Just in looking at your options on Psychology today, you've taken the first step in figuring out... well, your next steps! Life can be really overwhelming sometimes, and even just sourcing where that overwhelm comes from can be a challenge. Whether its tough stuff you've had to go through, a person in your life causing pain, or worry about the future, I want to help you process these experiences and develop concrete strategies to step into tomorrow with hope, positivity, and purpose. Please note that I only work virtually at this time (phone or video services).
(226) 639-5536 View (226) 639-5536
Photo of Sarah Potvin, Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Sarah Potvin
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Online Only
In a society where talking is more common than listening, I provide a place where you feel heard and not judged. It is my personal goal to create a safe and compassionate environment where you can explore who you are, find resiliency, and walk on the path towards healing. I am committed to walking with you on your journey of self-discovery and healing.
In a society where talking is more common than listening, I provide a place where you feel heard and not judged. It is my personal goal to create a safe and compassionate environment where you can explore who you are, find resiliency, and walk on the path towards healing. I am committed to walking with you on your journey of self-discovery and healing.
(548) 483-5370 View (548) 483-5370
Photo of Karin Thoms, Registered Social Service Worker
Karin Thoms
Registered Social Service Worker
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Karin Thoms is a compassionate and dedicated Social Service Worker specializing in perinatal mental health and women’s mental wellness. With a deep understanding of the unique challenges faced during pregnancy, postpartum, and early parenthood, Karin offers compassionate, nonjudgmental support to individuals navigating this transformative period.
Karin Thoms is a compassionate and dedicated Social Service Worker specializing in perinatal mental health and women’s mental wellness. With a deep understanding of the unique challenges faced during pregnancy, postpartum, and early parenthood, Karin offers compassionate, nonjudgmental support to individuals navigating this transformative period.
(548) 798-0442 View (548) 798-0442
Photo of Lucie Marigliano, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA
Lucie Marigliano
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA
6 Endorsed
Online Only
Accepting New Clients - Life can be tough, and it's easy to feel stuck sometimes. You're not alone in this. My goal is to help you find a therapeutic relationship that feels right for you.
Accepting New Clients - Life can be tough, and it's easy to feel stuck sometimes. You're not alone in this. My goal is to help you find a therapeutic relationship that feels right for you.
(365) 990-3459 View (365) 990-3459

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Elspeth Mair Evans, Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Elspeth Mair Evans
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
London, ON N6A
Having over two decades worth of clinical experience means I've learned much about the human experience and the commonalities between us all, as well as what makes people unique and diverse. I help people figure out how to better manage unpleasant thoughts, emotions, bodily responses and behaviours with mindfulness skills, how to be more genuinely themselves based on their values and identities, how to be in relationship from an effective communication and attachment lens and how to cope with difficult or traumatic life circumstances.
Having over two decades worth of clinical experience means I've learned much about the human experience and the commonalities between us all, as well as what makes people unique and diverse. I help people figure out how to better manage unpleasant thoughts, emotions, bodily responses and behaviours with mindfulness skills, how to be more genuinely themselves based on their values and identities, how to be in relationship from an effective communication and attachment lens and how to cope with difficult or traumatic life circumstances.
(888) 984-6340 View (888) 984-6340

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in N0J

10+

Average cost per session

$142

Counsellors in N0J who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
79% Stress
74% Depression
74% Grief
74% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

3 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Manulife
100% Canada Life | Great-West Life
80% Great-West Life

How Counsellors in N0J see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in N0J?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.