Therapists in L9B

Photo of Erynne Levesque, Counsellor, CCPCPC
Erynne Levesque
Counsellor, CCPCPC
1 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L9B
Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, or simply feeling stuck in your life, Im here to help. I believe that everyone has the potential to live a fulfilling and meaningful life, and I am committed to helping my clients achieve that goal. Please contact me to schedule a consultation and take the first step towards a brighter future.
Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, or simply feeling stuck in your life, Im here to help. I believe that everyone has the potential to live a fulfilling and meaningful life, and I am committed to helping my clients achieve that goal. Please contact me to schedule a consultation and take the first step towards a brighter future.
(289) 210-9263 View (289) 210-9263
Photo of Shawn Groen, Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, RP
Shawn Groen
Registered Psychotherapist, MDiv, RP
Hamilton, ON L9B
I specialize in treating mental health and relationship issues for individuals, couples, families, and church leaders. If you feel discouraged and disoriented in your relationships, mental health or faith life, breathe easy knowing that you don't have to struggle alone, and together we can make a roadmap to healing together. If any of the following concerns are familiar, you've found the right place: relationship issues, church hurt, anxiety/panic, trauma and/or abuse, stress or burnout, low self-worth, guilt and shame, life and family transitions, spiritual or existential questions, and pornography addictions.
I specialize in treating mental health and relationship issues for individuals, couples, families, and church leaders. If you feel discouraged and disoriented in your relationships, mental health or faith life, breathe easy knowing that you don't have to struggle alone, and together we can make a roadmap to healing together. If any of the following concerns are familiar, you've found the right place: relationship issues, church hurt, anxiety/panic, trauma and/or abuse, stress or burnout, low self-worth, guilt and shame, life and family transitions, spiritual or existential questions, and pornography addictions.
(289) 274-7910 View (289) 274-7910
Photo of Jahan Zeb, Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW
Jahan Zeb
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW
Hamilton, ON L9B
You have taken a courageous and meaningful step toward seeking support. I am honored to be part of your journey, helping you navigate challenges, reduce distress, and enhance your psychological well-being.
You have taken a courageous and meaningful step toward seeking support. I am honored to be part of your journey, helping you navigate challenges, reduce distress, and enhance your psychological well-being.
(365) 651-0231 View (365) 651-0231
Photo of Dea Bozzo, Registered Social Worker, RSSW
Dea Bozzo
Registered Social Worker, RSSW
6 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L9B
If you’re feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or weighed down by the past, I want you to know you can get to the other side of this. I support clients in finding clarity, healing the past, and connecting with their inner strength—while creating a new pathway forward. With over 25 years of experience, I draw on a holistic, evidence-based approach that includes mindfulness, somatic therapy and parts work. Together, we’ll uncover what’s keeping you stuck, work through the roots of your emotional challenges, and build a path forward that feels grounded and empowering. Healing is possible. If you're ready.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or weighed down by the past, I want you to know you can get to the other side of this. I support clients in finding clarity, healing the past, and connecting with their inner strength—while creating a new pathway forward. With over 25 years of experience, I draw on a holistic, evidence-based approach that includes mindfulness, somatic therapy and parts work. Together, we’ll uncover what’s keeping you stuck, work through the roots of your emotional challenges, and build a path forward that feels grounded and empowering. Healing is possible. If you're ready.
(365) 607-9297 View (365) 607-9297
Photo of Karen Marie Zicari, Registered Psychotherapist, RP, RPC, CPC
Karen Marie Zicari
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, RPC, CPC
1 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L9B
My approach is 'you-centred,' to speak your language, tune into the approach that works for you, your nature and the challenges at hand. I want you to feel safe, genuinely cared about and that you have my full support. As this kind of work is so personal, I offer a ten minute phone conversation at no charge so you can see if we would work well together. Facing life when it's hard can be overwhelming, painful and serious. So, if we get the chance, laughter when possible. Let's team up to get your life back.
My approach is 'you-centred,' to speak your language, tune into the approach that works for you, your nature and the challenges at hand. I want you to feel safe, genuinely cared about and that you have my full support. As this kind of work is so personal, I offer a ten minute phone conversation at no charge so you can see if we would work well together. Facing life when it's hard can be overwhelming, painful and serious. So, if we get the chance, laughter when possible. Let's team up to get your life back.
(289) 799-3193 View (289) 799-3193
Photo of Dianah Lohin, Registered Social Worker, RSW, BA
Dianah Lohin
Registered Social Worker, RSW, BA
Hamilton, ON L9B
I have created Heart Journey Healing from a place of passion for helping others rediscover who they are at their core and identify what their heart and soul need to feel seen and heard. My goal is to help others gain the awareness and tools to have power over their own lives and decisions, and to build confidence in their ability to not only survive life’s challenges but thrive. I operate from a client-centered approach, empowering you to lead your journey. I'm here to help you overcome challenges and live your healthiest, most empowered life.
I have created Heart Journey Healing from a place of passion for helping others rediscover who they are at their core and identify what their heart and soul need to feel seen and heard. My goal is to help others gain the awareness and tools to have power over their own lives and decisions, and to build confidence in their ability to not only survive life’s challenges but thrive. I operate from a client-centered approach, empowering you to lead your journey. I'm here to help you overcome challenges and live your healthiest, most empowered life.
(289) 312-0286 View (289) 312-0286
Photo of Angela Hevey, Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, MSW, RSW
Angela Hevey
Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, MSW, RSW
Hamilton, ON L9B
I am a registered social worker and psychotherapist providing integrated and holistic individual therapy for trauma and stress-related disorders; relationships; grief and loss; depression; anxiety; anger; complex mental health; as well as couples therapy. I offer a supportive, non-judgmental and safe environment for sharing and growth based on your individual needs. Together we will work towards building an understanding of areas that have become problematic to you and examine how they have shaped your experiences.
I am a registered social worker and psychotherapist providing integrated and holistic individual therapy for trauma and stress-related disorders; relationships; grief and loss; depression; anxiety; anger; complex mental health; as well as couples therapy. I offer a supportive, non-judgmental and safe environment for sharing and growth based on your individual needs. Together we will work towards building an understanding of areas that have become problematic to you and examine how they have shaped your experiences.
(289) 206-0542 View (289) 206-0542
Photo of Maryann El-Dairy - Couples Therapist- Maryann Dawood, Registered Psychotherapist, MPharm, MA, RP
Couples Therapist- Maryann Dawood
Registered Psychotherapist, MPharm, MA, RP
2 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L9B
You’re probably feeling so alone and hopeless right now. The relationship you once looked to for strength and joy is beginning to feel like a source of pain and disconnection. You feel like you have tried everything that you know to make your relationship better. You’ve tried talking about your issues but somehow always end up spiraling into a fight- leaving you feeling frustrated, disconnected and more hurt each time. You worry about where your relationship is headed if something doesn’t change. I want you to know you are in the right place. You can transform your disconnection and negative communication patterns into connection.
You’re probably feeling so alone and hopeless right now. The relationship you once looked to for strength and joy is beginning to feel like a source of pain and disconnection. You feel like you have tried everything that you know to make your relationship better. You’ve tried talking about your issues but somehow always end up spiraling into a fight- leaving you feeling frustrated, disconnected and more hurt each time. You worry about where your relationship is headed if something doesn’t change. I want you to know you are in the right place. You can transform your disconnection and negative communication patterns into connection.
(365) 298-0233 View (365) 298-0233
Photo of Dawn Zivanovich - Dawn Associates, Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Dawn Associates
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
2 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L9B
Are you feeling stressed due to your job or workplace, family relationships or dealing with school or peers? Do you have trauma or distressing memories that are intruding on your ability to function? Do you feel overwhelmed, anxious and distressed about your situation or the issues in your life? Are you ready to talk to a therapist who can help you to navigate the problems, and work with you to reduce your anxious and negative thoughts?
Are you feeling stressed due to your job or workplace, family relationships or dealing with school or peers? Do you have trauma or distressing memories that are intruding on your ability to function? Do you feel overwhelmed, anxious and distressed about your situation or the issues in your life? Are you ready to talk to a therapist who can help you to navigate the problems, and work with you to reduce your anxious and negative thoughts?
(289) 206-8783 View (289) 206-8783
Photo of Elizabeth Stankiewicz, Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Elizabeth Stankiewicz
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Hamilton, ON L9B
Does just getting through the days and weeks feel like a monumental task? Things that seem "simple" to do for others can feel exhausting, overwhelming, or even impossible when you have ADHD. You may beat yourself up and wonder why you can't make some things stick and whether it will ever get better. I'm here to tell you that you can break free from this cycle. In our work together, you'll learn how to work with your unique wiring for a life that feels more comfortable, more joyful and aligned with you are. You really can transform your relationship with yourself, your loved ones and your life.
Does just getting through the days and weeks feel like a monumental task? Things that seem "simple" to do for others can feel exhausting, overwhelming, or even impossible when you have ADHD. You may beat yourself up and wonder why you can't make some things stick and whether it will ever get better. I'm here to tell you that you can break free from this cycle. In our work together, you'll learn how to work with your unique wiring for a life that feels more comfortable, more joyful and aligned with you are. You really can transform your relationship with yourself, your loved ones and your life.
(226) 841-8379 View (226) 841-8379
Photo of Diane Harrison, Registered Social Worker, MSW, C Med, CEC
Diane Harrison
Registered Social Worker, MSW, C Med, CEC
Hamilton, ON L9B
Are you feeling confused about how to make changes? Overthinking problems or watching yourself do the same things yet expecting different results? Suffering? Maybe your current situation has left you wondering if your vision of happiness is even possible? If you answer yes to any of these questions, call me. I can help. I've worked successfully with individuals, couples and families for many years to help them make sutainable changes to their lives and reclaim their hearts. My clients experience greater levels of personal competency, satisfaction, joy, energy and wellbeing. Life is meant to be lived abundantly. I can show you how.
Are you feeling confused about how to make changes? Overthinking problems or watching yourself do the same things yet expecting different results? Suffering? Maybe your current situation has left you wondering if your vision of happiness is even possible? If you answer yes to any of these questions, call me. I can help. I've worked successfully with individuals, couples and families for many years to help them make sutainable changes to their lives and reclaim their hearts. My clients experience greater levels of personal competency, satisfaction, joy, energy and wellbeing. Life is meant to be lived abundantly. I can show you how.
(289) 512-2901 View (289) 512-2901
Photo of Stephanie Nichols, Psychologist, Mpsy
Stephanie Nichols
Psychologist, Mpsy
Hamilton, ON L9B
Working with neuro-diverse children and adolescents over the years has given me knowledge and insight into their unique experiences. This has led me to work with adults experiencing ASD or ADHD as well. Helping these individuals with sensory processing, peer relationships, behavioural difficulties, social cueing and emotional regulation are the many areas that I have experience. Children and adults are trying to find their way in life, with support and therapy I can guide them in that journey. I also lead the BoLD program at Zafire Holistic Wellness where we have FREE workshops for parents & immediate BOOKing psych. ed. assessments
Working with neuro-diverse children and adolescents over the years has given me knowledge and insight into their unique experiences. This has led me to work with adults experiencing ASD or ADHD as well. Helping these individuals with sensory processing, peer relationships, behavioural difficulties, social cueing and emotional regulation are the many areas that I have experience. Children and adults are trying to find their way in life, with support and therapy I can guide them in that journey. I also lead the BoLD program at Zafire Holistic Wellness where we have FREE workshops for parents & immediate BOOKing psych. ed. assessments
(289) 277-6665 View (289) 277-6665
Photo of Kristen Alexandra Di Martino, Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MA, BA
Kristen Alexandra Di Martino
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MA, BA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Evening and weekend, in-person sessions available. Anxiety, depression, life transitions/changes, relationship and interpersonal struggles? I offer free 15 minute consultations to determine if we would be a good fit! Our relationship is the most important tool to therapy - building comfort and trust is key. Having dealt with anxiety myself and going through therapy, I can offer an understanding of knowing what it feels like to be the client, and how important it is to feel heard by your therapist.
Evening and weekend, in-person sessions available. Anxiety, depression, life transitions/changes, relationship and interpersonal struggles? I offer free 15 minute consultations to determine if we would be a good fit! Our relationship is the most important tool to therapy - building comfort and trust is key. Having dealt with anxiety myself and going through therapy, I can offer an understanding of knowing what it feels like to be the client, and how important it is to feel heard by your therapist.
(289) 272-8703 View (289) 272-8703
Photo of Heather McFadyen, Registered Psychotherapist, BA, RP, RYT
Heather McFadyen
Registered Psychotherapist, BA, RP, RYT
Serves Area
I've worked for over 18 years with survivors of trauma and vicarious trauma - sexual, physical, emotional, mental and or neglect. Often these traumatic injuries appear in life as anxiety, depression, addictions, flashbacks, unhealthy relationships or chronic pain. I attend with safety and empathy to these patterns and habits that appear in belief systems and emotions, and to the important role the body plays in responding to, storing and repairing harm. I specialize in including mindful attention to the body with talk therapy to help clients unlock the painful legacy of trauma.
I've worked for over 18 years with survivors of trauma and vicarious trauma - sexual, physical, emotional, mental and or neglect. Often these traumatic injuries appear in life as anxiety, depression, addictions, flashbacks, unhealthy relationships or chronic pain. I attend with safety and empathy to these patterns and habits that appear in belief systems and emotions, and to the important role the body plays in responding to, storing and repairing harm. I specialize in including mindful attention to the body with talk therapy to help clients unlock the painful legacy of trauma.
(289) 274-6928 View (289) 274-6928
Photo of Ellen Crump, Registered Social Worker, MSW, PhD
Ellen Crump
Registered Social Worker, MSW, PhD
Serves Area
I am a Child and Family Counsellor and Certified Parent Coach. I help individuals, children, teens and families move from simply surviving life's challenges to thriving. My work focuses on challenges of self-esteem, anxiety, sadness, bullying, divorce. I work along side parents when they find teens off track and struggling with the demands of our disordered society. I also offer individual counselling where through story, education, and gentle reflection, we find new ways to understand, new eyes to see, and new words to speak.
I am a Child and Family Counsellor and Certified Parent Coach. I help individuals, children, teens and families move from simply surviving life's challenges to thriving. My work focuses on challenges of self-esteem, anxiety, sadness, bullying, divorce. I work along side parents when they find teens off track and struggling with the demands of our disordered society. I also offer individual counselling where through story, education, and gentle reflection, we find new ways to understand, new eyes to see, and new words to speak.
(289) 216-6750 View (289) 216-6750
Photo of Irfa Samnani, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BSN, MEd
Irfa Samnani
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BSN, MEd
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
Welcome! My name is Irfa, and I’m happy to support you on your journey. I completed my Master’s in Counselling Psychology at the University of Toronto and I support individuals and couples to find clarity, heal from painful experiences, and create the kind of life and relationships that feel authentic and fulfilling. As a BIPOC therapist, my approach is client-centered, trauma-informed, and rooted respect for your story. I integrate modalities such as EMDR, CBT, DBT, EFT, and more to create a unique plan for you. I see clients in-person in Kitchener-Waterloo or online throughout Ontario.
Welcome! My name is Irfa, and I’m happy to support you on your journey. I completed my Master’s in Counselling Psychology at the University of Toronto and I support individuals and couples to find clarity, heal from painful experiences, and create the kind of life and relationships that feel authentic and fulfilling. As a BIPOC therapist, my approach is client-centered, trauma-informed, and rooted respect for your story. I integrate modalities such as EMDR, CBT, DBT, EFT, and more to create a unique plan for you. I see clients in-person in Kitchener-Waterloo or online throughout Ontario.
(226) 894-8498 View (226) 894-8498
Photo of Wesley A Paris - Umoja Guidance Inc, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Umoja Guidance Inc
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Serves Area
I am the founder and sole therapist of Umoja Guidance Inc. I offer individual, couple and family therapy sessions. I provide a genuine and down to earth approach when interacting with my clients. The focus of sessions will be to assist with clients achieving their goals using a strength based approach. I believe everyone has strengths that can be identified to help them resolve challenging situations. There are various treatment methods I use based on the need. I am very flexible and understanding of peoples life schedules and am always willing to provide sessions that accommodate my clients busy schedule.
I am the founder and sole therapist of Umoja Guidance Inc. I offer individual, couple and family therapy sessions. I provide a genuine and down to earth approach when interacting with my clients. The focus of sessions will be to assist with clients achieving their goals using a strength based approach. I believe everyone has strengths that can be identified to help them resolve challenging situations. There are various treatment methods I use based on the need. I am very flexible and understanding of peoples life schedules and am always willing to provide sessions that accommodate my clients busy schedule.
(905) 875-1616 View (905) 875-1616
Photo of Belinda N. Marazzato, Registered Psychotherapist, RN, BScN, MACP, EMDR
Belinda N. Marazzato
Registered Psychotherapist, RN, BScN, MACP, EMDR
Serves Area
Life is unpredictable. We can get thrown curve balls at any stage of life. I see myself as someone who can help navigate stress, life transitions and coping with loss. Even in the darkest of times, I truly believe that people are resilient. I want to meet my clients where they are at, to help them be kinder to themselves and to support them as they make courageous steps towards change and personal growth. As a certified addiction counselor and trained in trauma sensitive EMDR, I believe in a holistic approach where a balanced mind-body connection is important to our over all well-being.
Life is unpredictable. We can get thrown curve balls at any stage of life. I see myself as someone who can help navigate stress, life transitions and coping with loss. Even in the darkest of times, I truly believe that people are resilient. I want to meet my clients where they are at, to help them be kinder to themselves and to support them as they make courageous steps towards change and personal growth. As a certified addiction counselor and trained in trauma sensitive EMDR, I believe in a holistic approach where a balanced mind-body connection is important to our over all well-being.
(289) 236-1278 View (289) 236-1278
Photo of Kate Babetin, Registered Psychotherapist, BA, DIP, RP
Kate Babetin
Registered Psychotherapist, BA, DIP, RP
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you struggling with anxiety, stress and burnout from years of avoiding your trauma? Do you feel overwhelmed by difficult emotions or people pleasing habits that are affecting your relationships, work or day-to-day life? Are you ready for change? I provide therapy to people who are ready to change dysfunctional patterns and heal the wounds that block them from living the life they want. I have extensive experience in anxiety, trauma and relationships. I have a special focus on working with those who have experienced dysfunctional childhoods or childhood trauma, and for those that work in helping professions.
Are you struggling with anxiety, stress and burnout from years of avoiding your trauma? Do you feel overwhelmed by difficult emotions or people pleasing habits that are affecting your relationships, work or day-to-day life? Are you ready for change? I provide therapy to people who are ready to change dysfunctional patterns and heal the wounds that block them from living the life they want. I have extensive experience in anxiety, trauma and relationships. I have a special focus on working with those who have experienced dysfunctional childhoods or childhood trauma, and for those that work in helping professions.
(226) 457-0416 View (226) 457-0416
Photo of Lindsay Green Noble, Pre-Licensed Professional, RPq
Lindsay Green Noble
Pre-Licensed Professional, RPq
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Does something inside you feel tired, lost, and longing for change? Maybe you are carrying pain, hurt, or a loss of self that feels too heavy to keep holding. Starting therapy can feel daunting, but you don’t need to have all the answers. We begin with what’s real for you, right now, and move gently from there.
Does something inside you feel tired, lost, and longing for change? Maybe you are carrying pain, hurt, or a loss of self that feels too heavy to keep holding. Starting therapy can feel daunting, but you don’t need to have all the answers. We begin with what’s real for you, right now, and move gently from there.
(647) 492-5200 View (647) 492-5200

See more therapy options for L9B

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in L9B

30+

Average cost per session

$154

Counsellors in L9B who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
85% Self Esteem
85% Stress
82% Trauma and PTSD
74% Relationship Issues
68% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% SunLife
83% Green Shield Canada
83% Manulife

How Counsellors in L9B see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

72% Female
28% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in L9B?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.