Therapists in L4W

Vivian Noehring Psychotherapy & Associates
Registered Psychotherapist
3 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
I believe everyone deserves a space where they feel seen, heard, and supported—especially during life’s most overwhelming moments. Healing happens through connection, trust, and compassion, and together we create a space where you can explore your experiences openly and move toward meaningful change at your own pace. Clients often describe me as genuine, warm, and thoughtful, with a touch of humour that helps lighten heavy moments. Whether you’re navigating anxiety, trauma, burnout, relationship challenges, or major life transitions, I’m here to guide you with tools that build clarity, resilience, and emotional balance.
I believe everyone deserves a space where they feel seen, heard, and supported—especially during life’s most overwhelming moments. Healing happens through connection, trust, and compassion, and together we create a space where you can explore your experiences openly and move toward meaningful change at your own pace. Clients often describe me as genuine, warm, and thoughtful, with a touch of humour that helps lighten heavy moments. Whether you’re navigating anxiety, trauma, burnout, relationship challenges, or major life transitions, I’m here to guide you with tools that build clarity, resilience, and emotional balance.
(647) 559-4850 View (647) 559-4850
Hatch-Me Therapy & Counselling Services
Board Certified Behavior Analyst, BCBA, MA, MS, RP, RSW
9 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
Accepting New Clients! When you combine compassion and science with experienced Mental Health Experts, you get counselling that works. We offer a wide range of services including: Psychotherapy, Couples Counselling, Child & Teen Counselling, Family Therapy, Cuddle Therapy, and more! In order to bring meaningful changes to your life we incorporate an array of evidence-based approaches such as Mindfulness, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). In addition to providing high-quality and compassionate support, we offer services on a sliding-scale so that therapy can be affordable for all.
Accepting New Clients! When you combine compassion and science with experienced Mental Health Experts, you get counselling that works. We offer a wide range of services including: Psychotherapy, Couples Counselling, Child & Teen Counselling, Family Therapy, Cuddle Therapy, and more! In order to bring meaningful changes to your life we incorporate an array of evidence-based approaches such as Mindfulness, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). In addition to providing high-quality and compassionate support, we offer services on a sliding-scale so that therapy can be affordable for all.
(289) 207-6746 View (289) 207-6746
Deborah Lee
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA
2 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
I work with individuals seeking to understand how their internal world shapes their relationships, choices, and ways of coping. Together, we explore recurring patterns and build a greater sense of agency. I work with concerns such as anxiety, grief and loss, depressive symptoms, obsessive thinking, and stress, as well as challenges related to identity development, life transitions, perfectionism, burnout, parenting, and relational difficulties, including family dynamics and boundaries. I am attuned to the psychological impact of displacement and the hardships related to cultural, generational, and linguistic divides within families.
I work with individuals seeking to understand how their internal world shapes their relationships, choices, and ways of coping. Together, we explore recurring patterns and build a greater sense of agency. I work with concerns such as anxiety, grief and loss, depressive symptoms, obsessive thinking, and stress, as well as challenges related to identity development, life transitions, perfectionism, burnout, parenting, and relational difficulties, including family dynamics and boundaries. I am attuned to the psychological impact of displacement and the hardships related to cultural, generational, and linguistic divides within families.
(365) 413-5817 View (365) 413-5817
Olena Petrova
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW
Mississauga, ON L4W
I am a Registered Social Worker (MSW) providing trauma-informed counselling and psychotherapy to individuals experiencing anxiety, PTSD, depression, self-harm, domestic violence, and adaptation stress. I have a strong focus on culturally competent care and specialize in supporting immigrant populations in building resilience, stability, and self-empowerment. My approach integrates evidence-based therapies tailored to each client’s needs. I offer both individual and group therapy in a supportive, collaborative space focused on meaningful healing and growth.
I am a Registered Social Worker (MSW) providing trauma-informed counselling and psychotherapy to individuals experiencing anxiety, PTSD, depression, self-harm, domestic violence, and adaptation stress. I have a strong focus on culturally competent care and specialize in supporting immigrant populations in building resilience, stability, and self-empowerment. My approach integrates evidence-based therapies tailored to each client’s needs. I offer both individual and group therapy in a supportive, collaborative space focused on meaningful healing and growth.
(289) 242-7247 View (289) 242-7247
A1 Counselling Center
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, MA, RP
Mississauga, ON L4W
At A1 Counselling, we understand the multitude of life challenges people face every day. That’s why our staff of dedicated, licensed professionals are committed to creating a safe and caring counselling environment. Our counselling services and classes are designed to help you address the root causes of your relational or personal challenges, transforming your life and empowering you to reach your goals as an individual.
At A1 Counselling, we understand the multitude of life challenges people face every day. That’s why our staff of dedicated, licensed professionals are committed to creating a safe and caring counselling environment. Our counselling services and classes are designed to help you address the root causes of your relational or personal challenges, transforming your life and empowering you to reach your goals as an individual.
(365) 659-4692 View (365) 659-4692
Khyati JOSHI
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Mississauga, ON L4W
I believe that every individual possesses the strength and resilience to navigate life's challenges. However, during difficult times, we often need someone to guide us, reminding us of our inner capabilities. My passion lies in holistic wellness, where the mind, body, and spirit are interconnected and deserve equal attention. Mental well-being, in particular, is crucial as the decisions we make daily can significantly impact our lives, often leading to stress or unhealthy coping mechanisms.
I believe that every individual possesses the strength and resilience to navigate life's challenges. However, during difficult times, we often need someone to guide us, reminding us of our inner capabilities. My passion lies in holistic wellness, where the mind, body, and spirit are interconnected and deserve equal attention. Mental well-being, in particular, is crucial as the decisions we make daily can significantly impact our lives, often leading to stress or unhealthy coping mechanisms.
(289) 206-9969 View (289) 206-9969
Samia Saqib
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, RP (Q)
Mississauga, ON L4W
Accepting New Clients: I know reaching out can be a big step, and I’m honoured you’re considering sharing part of your journey with me. My choice to become a therapist grew from the recognition that everyone, including myself, carries invisible weights. Working with adolescents, university students, and adults has shown me that stress may look different yet feel equally heavy, whether it stems from school pressures, career uncertainty, or shifting family roles. Combined with my own experience navigating cultural and generational expectations, these lessons have deepened my respect for the courage it takes to reach out.
Accepting New Clients: I know reaching out can be a big step, and I’m honoured you’re considering sharing part of your journey with me. My choice to become a therapist grew from the recognition that everyone, including myself, carries invisible weights. Working with adolescents, university students, and adults has shown me that stress may look different yet feel equally heavy, whether it stems from school pressures, career uncertainty, or shifting family roles. Combined with my own experience navigating cultural and generational expectations, these lessons have deepened my respect for the courage it takes to reach out.
(289) 512-5375 View (289) 512-5375
Aleena Aligour
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
1 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
Many of the individuals and couples I work with come to therapy feeling stuck in patterns of anxiety, conflict, self-doubt, or emotional overwhelm. Beneath these experiences is often a deeper desire for clarity, connection, and a stronger sense of self. My interest in psychology began early in life. As a child, I found myself fascinated by people, how they think, why they behave the way they do, and how relationships shape our experiences. This curiosity eventually led me to study psychology and work with children with developmental delays and their families.
Many of the individuals and couples I work with come to therapy feeling stuck in patterns of anxiety, conflict, self-doubt, or emotional overwhelm. Beneath these experiences is often a deeper desire for clarity, connection, and a stronger sense of self. My interest in psychology began early in life. As a child, I found myself fascinated by people, how they think, why they behave the way they do, and how relationships shape our experiences. This curiosity eventually led me to study psychology and work with children with developmental delays and their families.
(289) 677-1876 View (289) 677-1876
Mena Ibrahim
Registered Psychotherapist, RSSW
4 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
Welcome! If you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of your next steps, you’re in the right place. I’m Mena Ibrahim, a psychotherapist passionate about helping individuals navigate life’s challenges with clarity, confidence, and resilience. With over 8 years of experience in mental health, I’ve supported countless individuals in overcoming obstacles, strengthening relationships, and building meaningful lives. I believe in the power of therapy to foster growth, healing, and self-discovery, and I am here to guide you every step of the way.
Welcome! If you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of your next steps, you’re in the right place. I’m Mena Ibrahim, a psychotherapist passionate about helping individuals navigate life’s challenges with clarity, confidence, and resilience. With over 8 years of experience in mental health, I’ve supported countless individuals in overcoming obstacles, strengthening relationships, and building meaningful lives. I believe in the power of therapy to foster growth, healing, and self-discovery, and I am here to guide you every step of the way.
(289) 512-2708 View (289) 512-2708
Shoban Jeyamuraly
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
1 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
Struggling with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem or feeling stuck can feel overwhelming, and therapy can provide the tools and support needed to navigate these challenges and work toward a more fulfilling, balanced life. I’m here to provide a safe, compassionate space where you can explore your emotions, identify patterns holding you back, and work toward meaningful change.
Struggling with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem or feeling stuck can feel overwhelming, and therapy can provide the tools and support needed to navigate these challenges and work toward a more fulfilling, balanced life. I’m here to provide a safe, compassionate space where you can explore your emotions, identify patterns holding you back, and work toward meaningful change.
(289) 402-8759 View (289) 402-8759
Nicole Park
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP
1 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
I believe that each person has strength and resilience within them. Sometimes we only need a helping hand to get there. I have helped many individuals discover this strength, find healing, and move towards the life they want to live. As a person-centred therapist, I believe in empowering individuals to discover more about who they are in a collaborative approach to therapy. I work hard to build trust and create a safe, non-judgmental space for clients to come as they are, and together, take steps towards health and recovery.
I believe that each person has strength and resilience within them. Sometimes we only need a helping hand to get there. I have helped many individuals discover this strength, find healing, and move towards the life they want to live. As a person-centred therapist, I believe in empowering individuals to discover more about who they are in a collaborative approach to therapy. I work hard to build trust and create a safe, non-judgmental space for clients to come as they are, and together, take steps towards health and recovery.
(289) 276-2638 View (289) 276-2638
Selene Khosla
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), PhD, MACP, RP (Q)
1 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
If you’ve been feeling stuck, anxious, or disconnected from yourself or your relationships, you’re not alone. I help individuals and couples navigate stress, self-doubt, and emotional overwhelm so life feels lighter, more balanced, and more meaningful again. complicated parts of being human. I’ve faced my own moments of uncertainty and know how difficult it can be to ask for help. That’s why the space I offer isn’t about fixing, it’s about softening, slowing down, and finding your voice again amidst the noise.
If you’ve been feeling stuck, anxious, or disconnected from yourself or your relationships, you’re not alone. I help individuals and couples navigate stress, self-doubt, and emotional overwhelm so life feels lighter, more balanced, and more meaningful again. complicated parts of being human. I’ve faced my own moments of uncertainty and know how difficult it can be to ask for help. That’s why the space I offer isn’t about fixing, it’s about softening, slowing down, and finding your voice again amidst the noise.
(289) 901-5878 View (289) 901-5878
Shani Hussain
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
Sometimes all we need is a little guidance to help us combat darkness, move past hurdles, and restore our sense of 'self'. My goal as your therapist is to help you heal, while equipping you with skills that allow you to take on life's challenges, such as: bolstering communication, emotional regulation, and self-empowerment. We can work together to free your world from unwanted guests like anxiety and depression, while learning ways to invite self-love. In order to make transformative changes to your life, I incorporate evidence-based approaches including: CBT, ACT, Mindfulness, Behavioural Skills Training, and more!
Sometimes all we need is a little guidance to help us combat darkness, move past hurdles, and restore our sense of 'self'. My goal as your therapist is to help you heal, while equipping you with skills that allow you to take on life's challenges, such as: bolstering communication, emotional regulation, and self-empowerment. We can work together to free your world from unwanted guests like anxiety and depression, while learning ways to invite self-love. In order to make transformative changes to your life, I incorporate evidence-based approaches including: CBT, ACT, Mindfulness, Behavioural Skills Training, and more!
(289) 302-2595 View (289) 302-2595
Maham Mustafa
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP (Q)
1 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
You’re exhausting yourself trying to keep everyone happy, while quietly feeling like you’re losing yourself. Saying ‘no’ feels impossible, but saying ‘yes’ is draining you. You wake up already feeling behind. Your mind loops through ‘what-ifs,’ and even when you try to relax, your brain won't turn off. It’s lonely to feel overwhelmed while pretending everything is fine. You might find yourself staring at the ceiling at 2am, snapping at people you love, or wondering why tasks that seem easy for others feel so difficult. You’ve tried ‘trying harder,’ but the loops just keep repeating.
You’re exhausting yourself trying to keep everyone happy, while quietly feeling like you’re losing yourself. Saying ‘no’ feels impossible, but saying ‘yes’ is draining you. You wake up already feeling behind. Your mind loops through ‘what-ifs,’ and even when you try to relax, your brain won't turn off. It’s lonely to feel overwhelmed while pretending everything is fine. You might find yourself staring at the ceiling at 2am, snapping at people you love, or wondering why tasks that seem easy for others feel so difficult. You’ve tried ‘trying harder,’ but the loops just keep repeating.
(289) 210-9179 View (289) 210-9179
Mindful Insights Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RSSW
1 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
At Mindful Insights Psychotherapy, we believe in creating a therapeutic experience that is as unique as you are. Our approach is tailored to understand where you are now and what challenges you're facing. Together, we will create a plan that helps you move forward while celebrating every success along the way. We are proud to offer an inclusive, safe space, with both in-person and virtual appointments to fit your schedule. Our passion is helping you live a better life—whether that means setting boundaries, working through a loss, navigating a life transition, or changing a pattern of behavior that has been holding you back.
At Mindful Insights Psychotherapy, we believe in creating a therapeutic experience that is as unique as you are. Our approach is tailored to understand where you are now and what challenges you're facing. Together, we will create a plan that helps you move forward while celebrating every success along the way. We are proud to offer an inclusive, safe space, with both in-person and virtual appointments to fit your schedule. Our passion is helping you live a better life—whether that means setting boundaries, working through a loss, navigating a life transition, or changing a pattern of behavior that has been holding you back.
(289) 216-5837 x101 View (289) 216-5837 x101
Giuseppe Parziale
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP
3 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
Are you feeling lost and stuck? Do you believe that your "life compass" has stopped working and not sure how to navigate your life moving forward? Are you feeling unheard or having a hard time expressing how you feel at the moment? Do you believe that your unique traumatic experiences have taken away your resilience and ability to effectively cope without relying on temporary solutions which down the road may have contributed to confusing you more, and making your relationships more challenging? You are not alone if you are struggling with depression, anxiety, or other mental health challenges trauma has brought into your life.
Are you feeling lost and stuck? Do you believe that your "life compass" has stopped working and not sure how to navigate your life moving forward? Are you feeling unheard or having a hard time expressing how you feel at the moment? Do you believe that your unique traumatic experiences have taken away your resilience and ability to effectively cope without relying on temporary solutions which down the road may have contributed to confusing you more, and making your relationships more challenging? You are not alone if you are struggling with depression, anxiety, or other mental health challenges trauma has brought into your life.
(289) 273-4335 View (289) 273-4335
Noha Rabie
Registered Psychotherapist, LCT-C, CCC, EMDR, MACP
8 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
I understand the unique challenges you face can be demanding, emotionally draining, and sometimes isolating. If you're struggling to process your emotions and thoughts or manage your actions, I’m here to offer a safe, non-judgmental, and supportive space where you can explore your experiences, address your personal and professional needs, and find strategies to enhance your well-being. There is no wrong doorway to live life, answers are inside us. We just need to navigate through, reframe our thoughts and regulate our emotions. Recognizing the triggers, raising self-awareness and practice mindfulness are the major aspects of healing
I understand the unique challenges you face can be demanding, emotionally draining, and sometimes isolating. If you're struggling to process your emotions and thoughts or manage your actions, I’m here to offer a safe, non-judgmental, and supportive space where you can explore your experiences, address your personal and professional needs, and find strategies to enhance your well-being. There is no wrong doorway to live life, answers are inside us. We just need to navigate through, reframe our thoughts and regulate our emotions. Recognizing the triggers, raising self-awareness and practice mindfulness are the major aspects of healing
(506) 405-9653 View (506) 405-9653
David Ghaly Stefanos
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
1 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L4W
I believe it is a profound privilege to walk alongside clients as they discover their strength and resilience in the face of life’s challenges. Each person’s story is unique, and I strive to create a space where clients feel genuinely seen, heard, and understood. My goal is not only to support clients through difficult moments, but also to help them envision and actively build a future that feels meaningful, grounded, and hopeful.
I believe it is a profound privilege to walk alongside clients as they discover their strength and resilience in the face of life’s challenges. Each person’s story is unique, and I strive to create a space where clients feel genuinely seen, heard, and understood. My goal is not only to support clients through difficult moments, but also to help them envision and actively build a future that feels meaningful, grounded, and hopeful.
(365) 796-2307 View (365) 796-2307
Kate Jurowicz
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship difficulties? You've come to the right place. I'm Kate, a Registered Psychotherapist with deep trauma experience and a warm, steady style. My background includes trauma therapy and crisis intervention at SickKids Hospital — supporting healthcare professionals through some of the most emotionally demanding work imaginable. I work with individuals, couples, and families, and that experience shapes how I show up: present, grounded, and deeply trauma-informed.
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship difficulties? You've come to the right place. I'm Kate, a Registered Psychotherapist with deep trauma experience and a warm, steady style. My background includes trauma therapy and crisis intervention at SickKids Hospital — supporting healthcare professionals through some of the most emotionally demanding work imaginable. I work with individuals, couples, and families, and that experience shapes how I show up: present, grounded, and deeply trauma-informed.
(289) 536-1415 View (289) 536-1415
Bilal Budair
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Serves Area
Bilingual Registered Psychotherapist, experience working with both adolescents and adults from different age groups, diverse challenges, and cultural backgrounds experiencing ongoing issues such as anxiety, depression, and emotional disturbances. With a particular interest in working with trauma survivors and those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on post-traumatic growth and recovery. Accepting new clients, I work out of four Clinics in London, Hamilton, North York, and Mississauga.
Bilingual Registered Psychotherapist, experience working with both adolescents and adults from different age groups, diverse challenges, and cultural backgrounds experiencing ongoing issues such as anxiety, depression, and emotional disturbances. With a particular interest in working with trauma survivors and those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on post-traumatic growth and recovery. Accepting new clients, I work out of four Clinics in London, Hamilton, North York, and Mississauga.
(289) 769-9774 View (289) 769-9774

See more therapy options for L4W

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in L4W

100+

Average cost per session

$163

Counsellors in L4W who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
94% Social Anxiety
94% Health Anxiety
94% Driving Anxiety
90% Depression
84% Self Esteem
81% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Green Shield Canada
77% Manulife
77% SunLife

How Counsellors in L4W see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in L4W?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.