Therapists in Lachine, QC

Photo of Jess Phillips Attachment Coach in Lachine, QC
Jess Phillips Attachment Coach
MA, CCPA, CCF
Verified Verified
Lachine, QC H8S  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Jess. I’m a master’s level clinician and anxious attachment coach who has rebuilt her life after getting sober seventeen years ago and battled through her own struggles with an anxious attachment style, imposter syndrome, and low self-worth. I have now made it my mission to help hundreds of people do the same and completely transform their lives and their relationships by getting to the root cause of their issues. I’m here to help you gain the skills needed to reclaim your authority; understand the psychology behind attachment theory; and to help you put an end to self-sabotaging behaviour, and toxic relationships for good.
Hi, I’m Jess. I’m a master’s level clinician and anxious attachment coach who has rebuilt her life after getting sober seventeen years ago and battled through her own struggles with an anxious attachment style, imposter syndrome, and low self-worth. I have now made it my mission to help hundreds of people do the same and completely transform their lives and their relationships by getting to the root cause of their issues. I’m here to help you gain the skills needed to reclaim your authority; understand the psychology behind attachment theory; and to help you put an end to self-sabotaging behaviour, and toxic relationships for good.
(438) 230-9496 View (438) 230-9496
Photo of Ginette Labarre in Lachine, QC
Ginette Labarre
MA
Verified Verified
Lachine, QC H8S  (Online Only)
Demander de l’aide lorsque l'on vit une situation douloureuse peut-être un difficile. Pour plusieurs de mes clients, demander de l'aide était un échec de plus. Ils ont rapidement constaté qu'être accompagné par un professionnel leur était bénéfique pour faire face à l'anxiété, la dépression, un échec amoureux, des abus de toutes sortes, pour améliorer leur estime personnelle et leur relation avec les autres ou prendre des décisions importantes. J'accueille chacun de mes clients avec respect et compassion dans un environnement le plus chaleureux et sécuritaire possible.
Demander de l’aide lorsque l'on vit une situation douloureuse peut-être un difficile. Pour plusieurs de mes clients, demander de l'aide était un échec de plus. Ils ont rapidement constaté qu'être accompagné par un professionnel leur était bénéfique pour faire face à l'anxiété, la dépression, un échec amoureux, des abus de toutes sortes, pour améliorer leur estime personnelle et leur relation avec les autres ou prendre des décisions importantes. J'accueille chacun de mes clients avec respect et compassion dans un environnement le plus chaleureux et sécuritaire possible.
(438) 601-5681 View (438) 601-5681
Photo of Arielle Ben-Zaken, Registered Social Worker in Lachine, QC
Arielle Ben-Zaken
Registered Social Worker, MSW, PSW
Verified Verified
Lachine, QC H8S  (Online Only)
Seeking support is often a challenging endeavour. For many, it can be scary to speak about their struggles and reflect on past experiences that have impacted them today. I strive to create a therapeutic alliance that allows for feelings of safety and openness, so that you feel able to share your story. I offer virtual counselling sessions, providing a convenient and accessible way to support you on your journey to emotional well-being.
Seeking support is often a challenging endeavour. For many, it can be scary to speak about their struggles and reflect on past experiences that have impacted them today. I strive to create a therapeutic alliance that allows for feelings of safety and openness, so that you feel able to share your story. I offer virtual counselling sessions, providing a convenient and accessible way to support you on your journey to emotional well-being.
(438) 834-8903 View (438) 834-8903
Photo of Paula Lorimer, Psychologist in Lachine, QC
Paula Lorimer
Psychologist, MA, OPQ, CPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lachine, QC H8S
Not accepting new clients
My goal is to help you grow and evolve, to achieve success and overall health & wellness. I am a licensed psychologist and the clinical director of Evolution Psychology Center located in Lachine, Montreal, Quebec. I work collaboratively and focus on you as an individual. I use a whole person approach (mind/body/emotions) along with effective, common sense approaches to resolve your difficulties and help improve your well-being and life. I also apply a multidisciplinary approach to your care by working, consulting, and collaborating with other health professionals. Your health and well-being is the priority.
My goal is to help you grow and evolve, to achieve success and overall health & wellness. I am a licensed psychologist and the clinical director of Evolution Psychology Center located in Lachine, Montreal, Quebec. I work collaboratively and focus on you as an individual. I use a whole person approach (mind/body/emotions) along with effective, common sense approaches to resolve your difficulties and help improve your well-being and life. I also apply a multidisciplinary approach to your care by working, consulting, and collaborating with other health professionals. Your health and well-being is the priority.
(514) 612-0112 View (514) 612-0112
Photo of Mélanie Lemay, Art Therapist in Lachine, QC
Mélanie Lemay
Art Therapist, MA, ATPQ
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lachine, QC H8S
Mélanie Lemay holds a master’s degree in art therapy from the Université du Québec en Abitibi- Témiscamingue, where her research focused on the intersection between trauma, resilience and the power of transformation through artistic expression. She is a certified art therapist with the Association des art-thérapeutes du Québec (AATQ), and actively participates in the advancement of the profession through her involvement on the Board of Directors. Her expertise encompasses a wide range of therapeutic modalities, including mindfulness-based art therapy, trauma-informed practices and expressive arts-guided interventions.
Mélanie Lemay holds a master’s degree in art therapy from the Université du Québec en Abitibi- Témiscamingue, where her research focused on the intersection between trauma, resilience and the power of transformation through artistic expression. She is a certified art therapist with the Association des art-thérapeutes du Québec (AATQ), and actively participates in the advancement of the profession through her involvement on the Board of Directors. Her expertise encompasses a wide range of therapeutic modalities, including mindfulness-based art therapy, trauma-informed practices and expressive arts-guided interventions.
(438) 298-5807 View (438) 298-5807
Photo of Patrick Tanyi, Registered Social Worker in Lachine, QC
Patrick Tanyi
Registered Social Worker, MSc , MSW
Verified Verified
Lachine, QC H8S
I am an experienced bilingual Mental Health Counsellor/Psychotherapist. My goal is to assist/accompany clients going through mental health related challenges to be able to find solutions to fix their problems using a non-judgmental approach.
I am an experienced bilingual Mental Health Counsellor/Psychotherapist. My goal is to assist/accompany clients going through mental health related challenges to be able to find solutions to fix their problems using a non-judgmental approach.
(450) 235-6248 View (450) 235-6248

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Anita Mehta, Registered Psychotherapist in Lachine, QC
Anita Mehta
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, CFT
Verified Verified
Montréal-Ouest, QC H4X
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Do you need some support? Perhaps therapy can help you cope with current stressors in your life. I can help you in managing a difficult situation, and to help you find strategies to manage distress, confusion, anxiety, and feelings of depression. It strives to improve overall well-being and mental health, to resolve or manage concerning behaviors, beliefs, thoughts, or emotions, and to improve relationships, interactions and social skills. Couple and family therapy can address the dynamics and challenges faced with the goal of understanding and positive change. I am offering secure online sessions.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Do you need some support? Perhaps therapy can help you cope with current stressors in your life. I can help you in managing a difficult situation, and to help you find strategies to manage distress, confusion, anxiety, and feelings of depression. It strives to improve overall well-being and mental health, to resolve or manage concerning behaviors, beliefs, thoughts, or emotions, and to improve relationships, interactions and social skills. Couple and family therapy can address the dynamics and challenges faced with the goal of understanding and positive change. I am offering secure online sessions.
(438) 600-2236 View (438) 600-2236
Photo of Barbara Szelest-Van Dussen, Registered Psychotherapist in Lachine, QC
Barbara Szelest-Van Dussen
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, OPQ
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H4V
Life has lost its focus and feels heavy with the many pressures that face you. It might be difficult to function at work or in your personal life. There are things that trouble you, including aspects of your past. You want to feel better, but might need some help. In therapy, you get to explore your situation, your emotions, and your hopes for the future in a way that helps you to grow in wisdom, authenticity, resilience, compassion and joy. Therapy is the YOU time; it's where you can be heard and seen in order to safely navigate this difficult journey with the help of a skilled therapist.
Life has lost its focus and feels heavy with the many pressures that face you. It might be difficult to function at work or in your personal life. There are things that trouble you, including aspects of your past. You want to feel better, but might need some help. In therapy, you get to explore your situation, your emotions, and your hopes for the future in a way that helps you to grow in wisdom, authenticity, resilience, compassion and joy. Therapy is the YOU time; it's where you can be heard and seen in order to safely navigate this difficult journey with the help of a skilled therapist.
(438) 500-9992 View (438) 500-9992
Photo of Dr. Mary Tsonis, Psychologist in Lachine, QC
Dr. Mary Tsonis
Psychologist, BA, MA, PhD, OPQ
Verified Verified
Montréal-Ouest, QC H4B  (Online Only)
Oct. 11, 2023: Accepting 5 new clients as of today!. Hi, I'm Dr. Mary, clinical psychologist in practice for 25 years. I work with anxiety, panic, depression, childhood adverse events/developmental trauma, burnout, divorce, family and childhood issues, neglect/abuse, relationship issues, stress, parenting struggles and more. I work in a practical, solution-focused, no-nonsense way to lead to progress as quickly as possible. I draw from a variety of therapy approaches depending on the problem at hand, and each person's needs.
Oct. 11, 2023: Accepting 5 new clients as of today!. Hi, I'm Dr. Mary, clinical psychologist in practice for 25 years. I work with anxiety, panic, depression, childhood adverse events/developmental trauma, burnout, divorce, family and childhood issues, neglect/abuse, relationship issues, stress, parenting struggles and more. I work in a practical, solution-focused, no-nonsense way to lead to progress as quickly as possible. I draw from a variety of therapy approaches depending on the problem at hand, and each person's needs.
(438) 300-5137 View (438) 300-5137
Photo of Stephanie Rajabi, Registered Psychotherapist in Lachine, QC
Stephanie Rajabi
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, GC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H4B
Not accepting new clients
If you feel that you are struggling with symptoms of depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and/or are struggling to maintain healthy relationships, I am here to support you in identifying your needs, as well as developing insight and implementing strategies that promote overall well-being.
If you feel that you are struggling with symptoms of depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and/or are struggling to maintain healthy relationships, I am here to support you in identifying your needs, as well as developing insight and implementing strategies that promote overall well-being.
(438) 601-3213 View (438) 601-3213
Photo of Evelyne Charron Smith, Psychologist in Lachine, QC
Evelyne Charron Smith
Psychologist, MA, PsyD, PhD, OPQ
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4B  (Online Only)
I am currently accepting new clients. I am a bilingual licensed psychologist who specializes in treating adolescents and young adults (<35 y/o) who are struggling with a range of issues including anxiety and depression. I completed my graduate education at McGill University and UQAM, and my clinical training in both school and hospital settings.
I am currently accepting new clients. I am a bilingual licensed psychologist who specializes in treating adolescents and young adults (<35 y/o) who are struggling with a range of issues including anxiety and depression. I completed my graduate education at McGill University and UQAM, and my clinical training in both school and hospital settings.
(438) 806-0403 View (438) 806-0403
Photo of Lovpreet Grewal, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Lachine, QC
Lovpreet Grewal
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA
Verified Verified
Lasalle, QC H8N  (Online Only)
When we're going through tough times or dealing with a lot at once, we might find ourselves having a hard time navigating daily tasks or constantly questioning ourselves. Sometimes, we feel overwhelmed with our thoughts and emotions and feel like we're either losing control or feeling stuck in life. I want you to know that you're not alone and you indeed have the strength and intuition to heal, learn, and grow from these life experiences.
When we're going through tough times or dealing with a lot at once, we might find ourselves having a hard time navigating daily tasks or constantly questioning ourselves. Sometimes, we feel overwhelmed with our thoughts and emotions and feel like we're either losing control or feeling stuck in life. I want you to know that you're not alone and you indeed have the strength and intuition to heal, learn, and grow from these life experiences.
(343) 313-0787 View (343) 313-0787
Photo of Helene Zylberszac Psychotherapist in Lachine, QC
Helene Zylberszac Psychotherapist
MSW, PSW
Verified Verified
Côte Saint-Luc, QC H4W
As the Director of Resolutions Therapy Center, I bring a wealth of experience, having dedicated twenty-eight years to supporting couples, individuals, adolescents, and children. Our team provides a comprehensive range of psychological services, including assessments, consultations, psychotherapy, treatment programs, and coaching. At the heart of our center's focus, our services address marital conflict, depression, anxiety, burnout, bereavement, adoption, infertility, and sexual identity. Our goal is to empower individuals by recognizing their strengths and guiding them beyond negative beliefs to foster positive development.
As the Director of Resolutions Therapy Center, I bring a wealth of experience, having dedicated twenty-eight years to supporting couples, individuals, adolescents, and children. Our team provides a comprehensive range of psychological services, including assessments, consultations, psychotherapy, treatment programs, and coaching. At the heart of our center's focus, our services address marital conflict, depression, anxiety, burnout, bereavement, adoption, infertility, and sexual identity. Our goal is to empower individuals by recognizing their strengths and guiding them beyond negative beliefs to foster positive development.
(514) 400-2503 View (514) 400-2503
Photo of Palvi B. Kohli, Registered Psychotherapist in Lachine, QC
Palvi B. Kohli
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lasalle, QC H8N  (Online Only)
“In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity”; although that can be true for some, it is not true for most people, therefore it is easier said than done. Life can be challenging at times and we often suffer alone due to complex emotions of shame and helplessness, but I am here to tell you that you do not have to go through difficult times alone!
“In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity”; although that can be true for some, it is not true for most people, therefore it is easier said than done. Life can be challenging at times and we often suffer alone due to complex emotions of shame and helplessness, but I am here to tell you that you do not have to go through difficult times alone!
(613) 801-2463 View (613) 801-2463
Photo of Ian Bradley, Psychologist in Lachine, QC
Ian Bradley
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Montréal-Ouest, QC H4B
As an experienced clinical psychologist, as well as a McGill professor in Departments of both Psychology and Psychiatry, I bring a high level of competence to address your concerns. As the Psychologist-in-Chief of the Royal Victoria Hospital, for over 25 years, I established a variety of CBT programs targeting anxiety disorders and depression in addition to pioneering interventions for gambling and healthy living. Before Montreal, I worked in major university-affiliated programs in Los Angeles, Vancouver and Toronto. Working with the NHL Players' Association, I also have the privilege of counselling some great athletes and people.
As an experienced clinical psychologist, as well as a McGill professor in Departments of both Psychology and Psychiatry, I bring a high level of competence to address your concerns. As the Psychologist-in-Chief of the Royal Victoria Hospital, for over 25 years, I established a variety of CBT programs targeting anxiety disorders and depression in addition to pioneering interventions for gambling and healthy living. Before Montreal, I worked in major university-affiliated programs in Los Angeles, Vancouver and Toronto. Working with the NHL Players' Association, I also have the privilege of counselling some great athletes and people.
(514) 400-2528 View (514) 400-2528
Photo of Carly Berlin, Registered Social Worker in Lachine, QC
Carly Berlin
Registered Social Worker, MSW, ts
Verified Verified
Côte Saint-Luc, QC H4W  (Online Only)
Throughout the last decade, I have heard stories of pain, sadness, shame, vulnerability, and fear; within those stories there is also resilience, strength, and the ability to overcome that which feels overwhelming. I am a seasoned social worker with experience in various community settings, and different age groups including children, adolescents, and families. I also have experience working in the public healthcare system; in this role I counsel and guide individuals and families coping with chronic illnesses such as cancer, aging and loss of autonomy, end of life, grief, and loss.
Throughout the last decade, I have heard stories of pain, sadness, shame, vulnerability, and fear; within those stories there is also resilience, strength, and the ability to overcome that which feels overwhelming. I am a seasoned social worker with experience in various community settings, and different age groups including children, adolescents, and families. I also have experience working in the public healthcare system; in this role I counsel and guide individuals and families coping with chronic illnesses such as cancer, aging and loss of autonomy, end of life, grief, and loss.
View
Photo of Dr. Amber Labow, Psychologist in Lachine, QC
Dr. Amber Labow
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4A  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a licensed bilingual psychologist with experience in helping individuals address various mental health challenges including eating disorders, anxiety, and depression. My priority is to create a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space to explore thoughts, feelings, and experiences. In session, I focus on building self-awareness and identifying or adjusting unhelpful patterns in order to help foster long term change.
Hello! I am a licensed bilingual psychologist with experience in helping individuals address various mental health challenges including eating disorders, anxiety, and depression. My priority is to create a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space to explore thoughts, feelings, and experiences. In session, I focus on building self-awareness and identifying or adjusting unhelpful patterns in order to help foster long term change.
(438) 795-1547 View (438) 795-1547
Photo of Robin Grumet, Psychologist in Lachine, QC
Robin Grumet
Psychologist, PhD, OPQ
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Côte Saint-Luc, QC H4V
Sometimes when we are distressed, we can lose sight of the things that are most important to us. When we are feeling unwell our energy often becomes focused on managing negative feelings and living a satisfying life can become difficult. Do you often feel anxious, sad, hopeless, or overwhelmed? Perhaps you are feeling stuck or just unsatisfied with your life right now. I can help you understand the processes that have contributed to and maintain your suffering, and support you in reconnecting with your values to live a more satisfying life.
Sometimes when we are distressed, we can lose sight of the things that are most important to us. When we are feeling unwell our energy often becomes focused on managing negative feelings and living a satisfying life can become difficult. Do you often feel anxious, sad, hopeless, or overwhelmed? Perhaps you are feeling stuck or just unsatisfied with your life right now. I can help you understand the processes that have contributed to and maintain your suffering, and support you in reconnecting with your values to live a more satisfying life.
(438) 299-8290 View (438) 299-8290
Photo of Vikki Stark, Registered Psychotherapist in Lachine, QC
Vikki Stark
Registered Psychotherapist, MSW, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Côte Saint-Luc, QC H4W
A psychotherapist and couple & family therapist for over 35 years, I write a blog for Psychology Today Magazine that has had over 4 million views. Additionally, I’m the Director of the Sedona Counselling Centre of Montreal and the author of four self-help books.
A psychotherapist and couple & family therapist for over 35 years, I write a blog for Psychology Today Magazine that has had over 4 million views. Additionally, I’m the Director of the Sedona Counselling Centre of Montreal and the author of four self-help books.
(438) 700-8562 View (438) 700-8562
Photo of Marg Barkman, Psychologist in Lachine, QC
Marg Barkman
Psychologist, MEd, RMFT
Verified Verified
Montréal-Ouest, QC H4X  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have been practising as a psychologist and specializing in couple and family therapy since 1995. What I find most fulfilling in my practice is helping individuals and couples create more safety and connection in their relationships by gaining a deeper understanding of themselves and how they relate to one another. Because one approach does not work with all couples, I have made it a point to be well versed in a variety of different approaches and techniques in order to tailor my work to the couple's specific needs.
I have been practising as a psychologist and specializing in couple and family therapy since 1995. What I find most fulfilling in my practice is helping individuals and couples create more safety and connection in their relationships by gaining a deeper understanding of themselves and how they relate to one another. Because one approach does not work with all couples, I have made it a point to be well versed in a variety of different approaches and techniques in order to tailor my work to the couple's specific needs.
(438) 601-3493 View (438) 601-3493

See more therapy options for Lachine

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Lachine, QC

< 10

Counsellors in Lachine, QC who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
83% Relationship Issues
83% Family Conflict
83% Self Esteem
67% Anger Management
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Optima
67% Blue Cross
67% Veterans Affairs Canada

How Counsellors in Lachine, QC see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Lachine?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.