Therapists in Vancouver, BC

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Photo of Astraya Counselling, Counsellor in Vancouver, BC
Astraya Counselling
Counsellor, RTC, 3090
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6J
In person or online; I’ve been helping my clients to break through the obstacles that seem to be holding them back in life. Life's too short to be unhappy, unsure, or unfulfilled. I am here to help you achieve a more positive outlook on life, and provide you with all the tools necessary to get you there. Let me help you learn and develop better ways to handle the issues that are standing in the way of your goals. I’m committed to foster a diverse and inclusive environment for children, teenagers, young adults, couples, families, elderly, LGBTQIA + affirming community, people from all cultures and individual spiritual walks of life.
In person or online; I’ve been helping my clients to break through the obstacles that seem to be holding them back in life. Life's too short to be unhappy, unsure, or unfulfilled. I am here to help you achieve a more positive outlook on life, and provide you with all the tools necessary to get you there. Let me help you learn and develop better ways to handle the issues that are standing in the way of your goals. I’m committed to foster a diverse and inclusive environment for children, teenagers, young adults, couples, families, elderly, LGBTQIA + affirming community, people from all cultures and individual spiritual walks of life.
(604) 337-2238 View (604) 337-2238
Photo of Denis Pavlovic, Pre-Licensed Professional in Vancouver, BC
Denis Pavlovic
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5S  (Online Only)
I love working with clients of all walks of life and welcome anyone who is looking to begin their journeys for change, regardless of what that change may look like. I approach each session with compassion and encouragement, opening the floor for us to collaboratively work towards developing a therapeutic goal and striving towards achieving it. I adopt a holistic approach, allowing me to ask questions and learn more about your past, present and future tense, as everyone’s journey and process is different and unique to them.
I love working with clients of all walks of life and welcome anyone who is looking to begin their journeys for change, regardless of what that change may look like. I approach each session with compassion and encouragement, opening the floor for us to collaboratively work towards developing a therapeutic goal and striving towards achieving it. I adopt a holistic approach, allowing me to ask questions and learn more about your past, present and future tense, as everyone’s journey and process is different and unique to them.
(249) 496-3092 View (249) 496-3092
Photo of Janet Norris in Vancouver, BC
Janet Norris
MEd, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6H
Are you feeling stressed or overwhelmed by life transitions, losses, crises or relationship challenges? Finding that anxiety is becoming unmanageable in your life? Perhaps trying to find meaningful life goals and make changes?In my counselling work I am passionate about connecting and working with people using a "person- centred" approach, which involves listening and focusing on understanding and respecting the perspective and experience of my clients. I will use a collaborative approach to work with you to gain clarity, understanding and solutions that will support positive growth and change in your life.
Are you feeling stressed or overwhelmed by life transitions, losses, crises or relationship challenges? Finding that anxiety is becoming unmanageable in your life? Perhaps trying to find meaningful life goals and make changes?In my counselling work I am passionate about connecting and working with people using a "person- centred" approach, which involves listening and focusing on understanding and respecting the perspective and experience of my clients. I will use a collaborative approach to work with you to gain clarity, understanding and solutions that will support positive growth and change in your life.
(604) 670-4319 View (604) 670-4319
Photo of Kenton Klassen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Vancouver, BC
Kenton Klassen
Pre-Licensed Professional, Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6H
At the core of my work is the belief that we are formed in relationship, harmed in relationship, and healed in relationship. My approach to therapy involves taking great care to foster a warm collaborative dynamic, where we can slow things down and bring curiosity to areas of your life that require attention. These conversations may relate to persistent feelings about the past, repeating patterns in current relationships, hopes and fears about the future, or a variety of other topics. I believe that many of our struggles relate to the thoughts, feelings, and experiences we have had to push aside to make it through the moments.
At the core of my work is the belief that we are formed in relationship, harmed in relationship, and healed in relationship. My approach to therapy involves taking great care to foster a warm collaborative dynamic, where we can slow things down and bring curiosity to areas of your life that require attention. These conversations may relate to persistent feelings about the past, repeating patterns in current relationships, hopes and fears about the future, or a variety of other topics. I believe that many of our struggles relate to the thoughts, feelings, and experiences we have had to push aside to make it through the moments.
(506) 799-0220 View (506) 799-0220
Photo of Maura Ivison, Counsellor in Vancouver, BC
Maura Ivison
Counsellor, MC, RCC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6B
You're struggling, stressed out, exhausted, and don't know what to do. Your friends and family mean well, but they don't get how hard this is for you or how bad you feel. Trying to be "positive" or "grateful" doesn't help you with things like kids' challenging behaviour, family conflict, relationship troubles, childhood trauma, a broken heart, loneliness, or feeling bad about yourself. It's making you irritable, anxious, and depressed. Sometimes you're not even sure how you feel, or how to make sense of what is going on.
You're struggling, stressed out, exhausted, and don't know what to do. Your friends and family mean well, but they don't get how hard this is for you or how bad you feel. Trying to be "positive" or "grateful" doesn't help you with things like kids' challenging behaviour, family conflict, relationship troubles, childhood trauma, a broken heart, loneliness, or feeling bad about yourself. It's making you irritable, anxious, and depressed. Sometimes you're not even sure how you feel, or how to make sense of what is going on.
(604) 265-9953 View (604) 265-9953
Photo of Andressa Taverna, Counsellor in Vancouver, BC
Andressa Taverna
Counsellor, RTC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6C
Hi, I am Andressa Taverna. Being a trauma survivor has moulded me and impacted my life in many obvious and also many mysterious ways. Numbing out and dissociating has helped me bear the trauma, but burying it deep and pretending it didn’t exist never really worked. It was only when I started looking at it and inviting my demons to come forward, to speak up, to scream out their rage, that what I saw behind it was pain. Eventually, I saw that they were not demons after all, but my inner child.
Hi, I am Andressa Taverna. Being a trauma survivor has moulded me and impacted my life in many obvious and also many mysterious ways. Numbing out and dissociating has helped me bear the trauma, but burying it deep and pretending it didn’t exist never really worked. It was only when I started looking at it and inviting my demons to come forward, to speak up, to scream out their rage, that what I saw behind it was pain. Eventually, I saw that they were not demons after all, but my inner child.
(249) 504-0436 View (249) 504-0436
Photo of Otto Lim Counselling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Vancouver, BC
Otto Lim Counselling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, RCSW, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6H
I enjoy working with a diversity of clients and/or their family members who are have both mental health and substance use issues, including trauma and PTSD, depression, anxiety, substance or behavioral addictions, life transitions (loss, relationships, career), and mental suffering and distress.
I enjoy working with a diversity of clients and/or their family members who are have both mental health and substance use issues, including trauma and PTSD, depression, anxiety, substance or behavioral addictions, life transitions (loss, relationships, career), and mental suffering and distress.
(365) 800-0502 View (365) 800-0502
Photo of Cote Counselling and Consulting, Registered Social Worker in Vancouver, BC
Cote Counselling and Consulting
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6B  (Online Only)
In my work, I strive to create a safe, welcoming, and comfortable environment for clients to explore and remove life barriers. I believe that all behavior does serve a purpose, and that purpose is usually to meet an unmet need. Through the work of therapy, you can develop a deeper understanding of what protective mechanisms such as anxiety, self- harm, and addiction have played a role in your life. Together, we can explore and discover what you need to feel supported to overcome these challenges and to experience growth and change.
In my work, I strive to create a safe, welcoming, and comfortable environment for clients to explore and remove life barriers. I believe that all behavior does serve a purpose, and that purpose is usually to meet an unmet need. Through the work of therapy, you can develop a deeper understanding of what protective mechanisms such as anxiety, self- harm, and addiction have played a role in your life. Together, we can explore and discover what you need to feel supported to overcome these challenges and to experience growth and change.
(236) 239-5301 View (236) 239-5301
Photo of Emergence Counselling & Wellness Inc, Pre-Licensed Professional in Vancouver, BC
Emergence Counselling & Wellness Inc
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6E  (Online Only)
Welcome to our page! We work with clients who may be struggling with depression, anxiety, life changes, trauma, feeling overwhelmed by life in general, or just looking to improve themselves. We work from a client-centred approach, collaborating to help you delve deeper into your inner world and support you in connecting with your inner strengths. We believe that within you exists the inherent capacity to heal, and we aim to support you in fostering this healing process.
Welcome to our page! We work with clients who may be struggling with depression, anxiety, life changes, trauma, feeling overwhelmed by life in general, or just looking to improve themselves. We work from a client-centred approach, collaborating to help you delve deeper into your inner world and support you in connecting with your inner strengths. We believe that within you exists the inherent capacity to heal, and we aim to support you in fostering this healing process.
(587) 849-5053 View (587) 849-5053
Photo of Sophie Rimell MCP, RCC- Counselling & Consulting , Counsellor in Vancouver, BC
Sophie Rimell MCP, RCC- Counselling & Consulting
Counsellor, MCP, RCC, RPP
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5Z
I believe each individual has the capacity and power to understand why different aspects of life have become challenging, and sometimes unmanageable. We all experience a variety of issues, obstacles, and challenges throughout different phases in our lives. Through the therapeutic process, it is my hope and intention to help individuals, who are facing challenges, find ways to make lasting change in their lives while creating a deeper understanding of their own strengths and experiences.
I believe each individual has the capacity and power to understand why different aspects of life have become challenging, and sometimes unmanageable. We all experience a variety of issues, obstacles, and challenges throughout different phases in our lives. Through the therapeutic process, it is my hope and intention to help individuals, who are facing challenges, find ways to make lasting change in their lives while creating a deeper understanding of their own strengths and experiences.
(778) 288-6237 x778288 View (778) 288-6237 x778288
Photo of Scott Walter in Vancouver, BC
Scott Walter
MA, BBA, BED
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6E  (Online Only)
Scott is honoured to be able to provide counselling services to Canadians online and by phone. Scott works with individuals looking for support with depression, anxiety, stress, grief, conflict, relationship issues, and more. He takes a non-judgemental and empathetic approach to getting to know his clients. He seeks to create a safe space for clients to express their full range of emotions and find relief. He will provide encouragement, professional insight, and a caring approach.
Scott is honoured to be able to provide counselling services to Canadians online and by phone. Scott works with individuals looking for support with depression, anxiety, stress, grief, conflict, relationship issues, and more. He takes a non-judgemental and empathetic approach to getting to know his clients. He seeks to create a safe space for clients to express their full range of emotions and find relief. He will provide encouragement, professional insight, and a caring approach.
(343) 453-5806 View (343) 453-5806
Photo of Jill Culver, Registered Social Worker in Vancouver, BC
Jill Culver
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N  (Online Only)
You deserve to be happy at work! I am a career counsellor who helps confused, burned-out, disillusioned individuals find clarity and hope. I love supporting folks who may not fit into the traditional career boxes because let's face it, not everyone has dreams of being an executive or climbing the corporate ladder! Using a holistic, flexible and creative approach I help folks figure out what is important to them in a career, what strengths they bring to the table, what fits and what doesn't, and how to find happiness and success in any future role. Clients say that they feel grounded and more clear after our work together.
You deserve to be happy at work! I am a career counsellor who helps confused, burned-out, disillusioned individuals find clarity and hope. I love supporting folks who may not fit into the traditional career boxes because let's face it, not everyone has dreams of being an executive or climbing the corporate ladder! Using a holistic, flexible and creative approach I help folks figure out what is important to them in a career, what strengths they bring to the table, what fits and what doesn't, and how to find happiness and success in any future role. Clients say that they feel grounded and more clear after our work together.
(778) 765-3849 View (778) 765-3849
Photo of Esther Chu, Counsellor in Vancouver, BC
Esther Chu
Counsellor, MA, RCC, CCC
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5R
When it comes to healing and/or pushing through challenges in life, it is normal to wish for someone to walk alongside you. My approach is guided by the understanding that we, as people, are a walking mosaic of our lived experiences as well as the experiences we did not receive. Whether your area of concern be surrounding mental health challenges, exploring the many parts of your identity that make you who you are, processing traumas, religious deconstruction, or learning new personal skills, I will join you on your journey towards clarity, understanding, and moving forward.
When it comes to healing and/or pushing through challenges in life, it is normal to wish for someone to walk alongside you. My approach is guided by the understanding that we, as people, are a walking mosaic of our lived experiences as well as the experiences we did not receive. Whether your area of concern be surrounding mental health challenges, exploring the many parts of your identity that make you who you are, processing traumas, religious deconstruction, or learning new personal skills, I will join you on your journey towards clarity, understanding, and moving forward.
(289) 302-8185 View (289) 302-8185
Photo of David Holmes, Counsellor in Vancouver, BC
David Holmes
Counsellor, MA, RCC, CCC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6C
Feeling stuck? My approach is to build on your strengths, moving you from where you are to where you want to be. I endeavour to enhance the therapeutic relationship by creating a caring and nurturing space for you to express feelings, emotions, behaviours, and relationships. My compassionate nature brings to the counselling relationship the sense of safety, support, and encouragement you need. When facing difficult life tasks, I provide the encouragement to explore new ways to approach your concerns, help shift perspectives and create fresh insights.
Feeling stuck? My approach is to build on your strengths, moving you from where you are to where you want to be. I endeavour to enhance the therapeutic relationship by creating a caring and nurturing space for you to express feelings, emotions, behaviours, and relationships. My compassionate nature brings to the counselling relationship the sense of safety, support, and encouragement you need. When facing difficult life tasks, I provide the encouragement to explore new ways to approach your concerns, help shift perspectives and create fresh insights.
(778) 767-5875 View (778) 767-5875
Photo of Brent Hogarth, Psychologist in Vancouver, BC
Brent Hogarth
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5T
My ideal client is stressed professionals, athletes and doctors who are seeking to enter flow-state in order to boost their productivity, learning, creativity, and well-being. I also specialize in working with people who struggle with ADHD and are seeking to enhance their Focus, Mood and Executive Functioning skills.
My ideal client is stressed professionals, athletes and doctors who are seeking to enter flow-state in order to boost their productivity, learning, creativity, and well-being. I also specialize in working with people who struggle with ADHD and are seeking to enhance their Focus, Mood and Executive Functioning skills.
(289) 723-2194 View (289) 723-2194
Photo of Magdalena Sweetgrass, Registered Social Worker in Vancouver, BC
Magdalena Sweetgrass
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6H
People seek out therapy because they cannot live their lives in the same way anymore. Perhaps there was a crisis, a feeling of despair, or a longing for something they have never had before. Therapy is a place to reflect on the past, explore present experiences and create change to have a different future. Therapy is not for the faint of heart, but with the right therapist, you will have a guide on your journey to knowing yourself more intimately.
People seek out therapy because they cannot live their lives in the same way anymore. Perhaps there was a crisis, a feeling of despair, or a longing for something they have never had before. Therapy is a place to reflect on the past, explore present experiences and create change to have a different future. Therapy is not for the faint of heart, but with the right therapist, you will have a guide on your journey to knowing yourself more intimately.
(587) 804-3668 View (587) 804-3668
Photo of Iceberg Counselling Inc., Counsellor in Vancouver, BC
Iceberg Counselling Inc.
Counsellor, MCP-AT, RCC, RCAT
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V6B
I am an experienced educator and a passionate counsellor who believes in getting to know her clients and offering individualized support that best serves their needs with compassion and care. My counselling approach is holistic, body focused, and person-centered. My experience and education in counselling have equipped me with a wide variety of skills, including integrative Somatic Therapy of breath work, relaxation postures, music, and mindfulness, as well as a specialization in Art Therapy. I believe in providing a safe and nurturing environment for the clients to support their healing journey at their own pace.
I am an experienced educator and a passionate counsellor who believes in getting to know her clients and offering individualized support that best serves their needs with compassion and care. My counselling approach is holistic, body focused, and person-centered. My experience and education in counselling have equipped me with a wide variety of skills, including integrative Somatic Therapy of breath work, relaxation postures, music, and mindfulness, as well as a specialization in Art Therapy. I believe in providing a safe and nurturing environment for the clients to support their healing journey at their own pace.
(778) 902-4507 View (778) 902-4507
Photo of Bess McCarville, Registered Social Worker in Vancouver, BC
Bess McCarville
Registered Social Worker, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V6Z  (Online Only)
I trust in the body’s innate wisdom and capacity to heal from difficult emotional experiences and know that this work can only truly happen when the body feels safe. I see my role as that of a trusted collaborator, allying with you to co-create a space of safety, dignity, and belonging around whatever it is you are seeking to work through and heal. I believe that you hold all of the skill and knowledge you need to move forward in your life and toward the things that matter most to you. I am here to support you along the way.
I trust in the body’s innate wisdom and capacity to heal from difficult emotional experiences and know that this work can only truly happen when the body feels safe. I see my role as that of a trusted collaborator, allying with you to co-create a space of safety, dignity, and belonging around whatever it is you are seeking to work through and heal. I believe that you hold all of the skill and knowledge you need to move forward in your life and toward the things that matter most to you. I am here to support you along the way.
(343) 453-4524 View (343) 453-4524
Photo of Sacha Rockliffe, Counsellor in Vancouver, BC
Sacha Rockliffe
Counsellor, MCP, RCC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5N  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hi, my name is Sacha Rockliffe (she/her) and I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor, Sexual Health Educator, and Certified Clinical Sexologist. I am a member of the queer community who specializes in working with 2SLGBTQ+ and neurodiverse clients. I offer individual counselling, couple/relationship counselling (ENM relationships welcome!), and social skills coaching for dating/relationships for adults and youth on the autism spectrum (PEERS certified).
Hi, my name is Sacha Rockliffe (she/her) and I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor, Sexual Health Educator, and Certified Clinical Sexologist. I am a member of the queer community who specializes in working with 2SLGBTQ+ and neurodiverse clients. I offer individual counselling, couple/relationship counselling (ENM relationships welcome!), and social skills coaching for dating/relationships for adults and youth on the autism spectrum (PEERS certified).
View
Photo of Patricia Ruiz, Counsellor in Vancouver, BC
Patricia Ruiz
Counsellor, RCC, MA, MC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5T  (Online Only)
At some point in our lives, we may just need to get some support to get through life’s challenges. I work with adult individuals and couples who are experiencing, or have experienced anxiety, depression, stress, trauma responses, chronic pain, relationship and communication challenges, attachment wounds and injuries, life transitions, issues of ageing, or grief, loss, and bereavement. My approach is collaborative and relational. I strive to honour your lived experience, autonomy, identity, and culture as we work together, and to support you to strengthen connections with yourself, your values, and your goals.
At some point in our lives, we may just need to get some support to get through life’s challenges. I work with adult individuals and couples who are experiencing, or have experienced anxiety, depression, stress, trauma responses, chronic pain, relationship and communication challenges, attachment wounds and injuries, life transitions, issues of ageing, or grief, loss, and bereavement. My approach is collaborative and relational. I strive to honour your lived experience, autonomy, identity, and culture as we work together, and to support you to strengthen connections with yourself, your values, and your goals.
(778) 906-0457 View (778) 906-0457

See more therapy options for Vancouver

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Vancouver, BC

2,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Vancouver, BC who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
80% Self Esteem
79% Relationship Issues
77% Stress
72% Trauma and PTSD
70% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

54% SunLife
48% Pacific Blue Cross
44% Green Shield Canada

How Counsellors in Vancouver, BC see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Vancouver?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.