Photo of Maria Gordon, PhD, co, Counsellor
Maria Gordon
Counsellor, PhD, co
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Are you feeling isolated, exhausted, anxious, stressed, overwhelmed and alone in today’s high-tech world? Well you’re not alone! I founded TherapYOU to support you and your specific wellness goals. I am a bilingual licensed Therapist in an active modern private practice providing counselling support to individuals from diverse cultural populations including serving indigenous communities since 2012. Together, we will seek solutions to your life stressors.
Are you feeling isolated, exhausted, anxious, stressed, overwhelmed and alone in today’s high-tech world? Well you’re not alone! I founded TherapYOU to support you and your specific wellness goals. I am a bilingual licensed Therapist in an active modern private practice providing counselling support to individuals from diverse cultural populations including serving indigenous communities since 2012. Together, we will seek solutions to your life stressors.
(438) 601-4662 View (438) 601-4662
Photo of Effie Andreadakis - Dr. Effie Andreadakis, psychologist Inc., PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Effie Andreadakis, psychologist Inc.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
I completed my clinical training at Université de Montréal. I also received specialized training in sex and couples therapy at the Allan Memorial Clinic. Presently, I am a member of the Order of Psychologists of Quebec. Throughout those years of training up until today, I have gained extensive experience in treating individuals and couples with sexual and relational difficulties, personality issues, as well as problems with anxiety, depression, self-esteem and self-identity. I have studied cognitive behavioural, dialectical, humanistic, mindfulness, and acceptance and commitment therapy, all of which are described on my website.
I completed my clinical training at Université de Montréal. I also received specialized training in sex and couples therapy at the Allan Memorial Clinic. Presently, I am a member of the Order of Psychologists of Quebec. Throughout those years of training up until today, I have gained extensive experience in treating individuals and couples with sexual and relational difficulties, personality issues, as well as problems with anxiety, depression, self-esteem and self-identity. I have studied cognitive behavioural, dialectical, humanistic, mindfulness, and acceptance and commitment therapy, all of which are described on my website.
(438) 796-3833 View (438) 796-3833
Photo of Yael Gutner, MA, co, OCCOQ, Registered Psychotherapist
Yael Gutner
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, co, OCCOQ
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Every person deals with unique challenges and there are times when we want or need help. Having worked with diverse groups of people in various settings (i.e. university counselling services, high school counselling services, and addiction rehabilitation centres) I have witnessed that people are resilient and capable of great things. Given an environment that is respectful and supportive even those who have felt stuck or hopeless can find their way. I offer a non judgemental space where you can explore your concerns, have the support you need and gain tools necessary to meet your goals.
Every person deals with unique challenges and there are times when we want or need help. Having worked with diverse groups of people in various settings (i.e. university counselling services, high school counselling services, and addiction rehabilitation centres) I have witnessed that people are resilient and capable of great things. Given an environment that is respectful and supportive even those who have felt stuck or hopeless can find their way. I offer a non judgemental space where you can explore your concerns, have the support you need and gain tools necessary to meet your goals.
(438) 230-1048 View (438) 230-1048
Photo of Christina Balampougiki, BSc, MSc, EuroPsy
Christina Balampougiki
BSc, MSc, EuroPsy
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
It is said that tough times don't last, but tough  people do. In the journey of life, good times empower you with confidence while challenging times build your resilience. Christina has the ability to empathize and connect quickly with her clients offering support, hope and realistic solutions. The primary goal is to bring compassion, acceptance, and a sense of self as she offers a guiding hand to clients in their journey of personal discovery and growth. She also aims to ensure a safe space, free of conflict, to help clients, couples, parents, co-workers, partners, or family members to come to a common understanding & agreement.
It is said that tough times don't last, but tough  people do. In the journey of life, good times empower you with confidence while challenging times build your resilience. Christina has the ability to empathize and connect quickly with her clients offering support, hope and realistic solutions. The primary goal is to bring compassion, acceptance, and a sense of self as she offers a guiding hand to clients in their journey of personal discovery and growth. She also aims to ensure a safe space, free of conflict, to help clients, couples, parents, co-workers, partners, or family members to come to a common understanding & agreement.
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Photo of Julia Costa Dias Admitting New Clients, TS, Registered Social Worker
Julia Costa Dias Admitting New Clients
Registered Social Worker, TS
Verified Verified
Are you struggling to understand yourself and your environment? Have you been feeling disappointed or unfulfilled in your daily life or your personal relationships? Are you struggling to adapt to change or a loss in your life? Are you struggling with low self-esteem or intrusive feelings of resentment, sadness, loneliness, or guilt? Have you been diagnosed with a mental health concern? Are you dealing with a relationship break up? Do you need some support in your parenting role? If yes, I would like to reassure you it is very possible to build/rebuild resiliency and empowerement in your life! Let me tell you a bit about my practice!
Are you struggling to understand yourself and your environment? Have you been feeling disappointed or unfulfilled in your daily life or your personal relationships? Are you struggling to adapt to change or a loss in your life? Are you struggling with low self-esteem or intrusive feelings of resentment, sadness, loneliness, or guilt? Have you been diagnosed with a mental health concern? Are you dealing with a relationship break up? Do you need some support in your parenting role? If yes, I would like to reassure you it is very possible to build/rebuild resiliency and empowerement in your life! Let me tell you a bit about my practice!
(438) 701-8761 View (438) 701-8761
Photo of Alain David Alterescu, MPs, OPQ, Psychologist
Alain David Alterescu
Psychologist, MPs, OPQ
Verified Verified
After 20 years of practice, I am driven now more than ever to help individuals and couples achieve meaningful and courageous changes in their lives. Whether what ails you stems from symptoms of OCD, sexual addiction, depression, anxiety, relationship or other life challenges, I will take the time to listen to you with empathy and curiosity but without judgement. Our sessions will seek to enpower you to clearly articulate and implement the tangible changes you wish to effect in your life. I am well versed in cognitive behavioural therapies, mindfulness and brief solution-focused and intercultural therapies.
After 20 years of practice, I am driven now more than ever to help individuals and couples achieve meaningful and courageous changes in their lives. Whether what ails you stems from symptoms of OCD, sexual addiction, depression, anxiety, relationship or other life challenges, I will take the time to listen to you with empathy and curiosity but without judgement. Our sessions will seek to enpower you to clearly articulate and implement the tangible changes you wish to effect in your life. I am well versed in cognitive behavioural therapies, mindfulness and brief solution-focused and intercultural therapies.
(514) 806-6014 View (514) 806-6014
Photo of Lana Armstrong, MACP, ND, CRPO-Q, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Lana Armstrong
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, ND, CRPO-Q
Verified Verified
I work with each of my clients unique histories and issues because there is no one-size-fits-all solution to the issues individuals, couples, and families face. I believe in providing compassionate and personalized therapy to meet each client's needs, whether in person or online. My commitment to my clients is to provide the best care and support, whether you are seeking support on your individual journey, navigating the complexities of a relationship, or looking to strengthen bonds as a couple or in your family.
I work with each of my clients unique histories and issues because there is no one-size-fits-all solution to the issues individuals, couples, and families face. I believe in providing compassionate and personalized therapy to meet each client's needs, whether in person or online. My commitment to my clients is to provide the best care and support, whether you are seeking support on your individual journey, navigating the complexities of a relationship, or looking to strengthen bonds as a couple or in your family.
(438) 834-6935 View (438) 834-6935
Photo of Effie Vardatsikos, MSW, ts, Registered Social Worker
Effie Vardatsikos
Registered Social Worker, MSW, ts
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
It is said that good times help you build confidence, and bad times help you build character. As an accredited Family Mediator and a Clinical Social Worker, my priority is to provide my clients with a non-judgmental and respectful environment in which they can feel comfortable when expressing themselves. I have a wealth of experience in the Quebec’s health and social service network, with a particular specialization in youth protection services, child sexual abuse, conjugal violence and crisis intervention. My experience working for youth protection and child services in multidisciplinary and multi agency support teams has allowed
It is said that good times help you build confidence, and bad times help you build character. As an accredited Family Mediator and a Clinical Social Worker, my priority is to provide my clients with a non-judgmental and respectful environment in which they can feel comfortable when expressing themselves. I have a wealth of experience in the Quebec’s health and social service network, with a particular specialization in youth protection services, child sexual abuse, conjugal violence and crisis intervention. My experience working for youth protection and child services in multidisciplinary and multi agency support teams has allowed
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Photo of Reyhane Namdari, MA, Counsellor
Reyhane Namdari
Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling overwhelmed by emotional or relationship challenges? Struggling to stay present in your roles as a parent, employee, business owner, or partner? Maybe you’ve noticed a drop in your motivation for school or work, leaving you feeling low and stuck and uncertain about your future? Struggling to find joy or balance in your day to day life?Feeling disconnected from your partner? Feeling that your relationship has changed and you don't know why? If any of these resonates with you, counselling might be the support you need. I am registered to work in Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia and can offer insurance receipts.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by emotional or relationship challenges? Struggling to stay present in your roles as a parent, employee, business owner, or partner? Maybe you’ve noticed a drop in your motivation for school or work, leaving you feeling low and stuck and uncertain about your future? Struggling to find joy or balance in your day to day life?Feeling disconnected from your partner? Feeling that your relationship has changed and you don't know why? If any of these resonates with you, counselling might be the support you need. I am registered to work in Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia and can offer insurance receipts.
(514) 700-5160 View (514) 700-5160
Photo of Adhd Coach Liana Groombridge, BA, SCC, Coach
Adhd Coach Liana Groombridge
BA, SCC, Coach
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you an adult with ADHD or ADHD-like symptoms? Do you feel like you’re constantly spinning in circles, struggling to stay on track and missing out on opportunities because of your ADHD? Life with ADHD can be challenging, but it doesn't have to be an endless struggle. I am here to offer you a lifeline, a guiding hand that will empower you to take control of your life and unleash your unique strengths and talents.
Are you an adult with ADHD or ADHD-like symptoms? Do you feel like you’re constantly spinning in circles, struggling to stay on track and missing out on opportunities because of your ADHD? Life with ADHD can be challenging, but it doesn't have to be an endless struggle. I am here to offer you a lifeline, a guiding hand that will empower you to take control of your life and unleash your unique strengths and talents.
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Photo of Stephanie Curti - Accepting New Clients, BA, BSW, TS, Registered Social Worker
Stephanie Curti - Accepting New Clients
Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, TS
Verified Verified
Do you struggle with feeling like you are constantly in survival mode? Do you feel like you somehow manage to get through your day to day but are constantly feeling exhausted, anxious, or depressed? Do you sometimes feel that you do not know who you are outside of your daily responsibilities? Do you feel like you are unable to cope or use unhealthy coping skills to get by? Do you wish that you can go from surviving to actually living? If you have answered yes to one or more of these questions, you are one of the many people whom, in today’s society, struggle to find healthy balance.
Do you struggle with feeling like you are constantly in survival mode? Do you feel like you somehow manage to get through your day to day but are constantly feeling exhausted, anxious, or depressed? Do you sometimes feel that you do not know who you are outside of your daily responsibilities? Do you feel like you are unable to cope or use unhealthy coping skills to get by? Do you wish that you can go from surviving to actually living? If you have answered yes to one or more of these questions, you are one of the many people whom, in today’s society, struggle to find healthy balance.
(438) 500-1763 View (438) 500-1763
Photo of Arianna Carosella, MSW, TS, Registered Social Worker
Arianna Carosella
Registered Social Worker, MSW, TS
Verified Verified
I am a clinical social worker who works with individuals and couples. I offer support for issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, health-related issues, relationship issues or work-related stress (among other things). Whether you are looking for coping strategies, conflict resolution skills, or a neutral perspective, I would be happy to assist you on your journey.
I am a clinical social worker who works with individuals and couples. I offer support for issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, health-related issues, relationship issues or work-related stress (among other things). Whether you are looking for coping strategies, conflict resolution skills, or a neutral perspective, I would be happy to assist you on your journey.
(438) 901-8345 View (438) 901-8345
Photo of Dr. Nicole Roberts, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Nicole Roberts
Psychologist, PhD
Not Verified Not Verified
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Taking the step to seek therapy is a powerful move that demonstrates strength and resilience. I'm here to provide expert support as you navigate this journey. As a licensed psychologist specializing in adult and couples therapy, I utilize evidence-based techniques to address challenges such as depression, anxiety, tough relationships, life transitions, and sexual health.
Taking the step to seek therapy is a powerful move that demonstrates strength and resilience. I'm here to provide expert support as you navigate this journey. As a licensed psychologist specializing in adult and couples therapy, I utilize evidence-based techniques to address challenges such as depression, anxiety, tough relationships, life transitions, and sexual health.
(514) 613-4974 View (514) 613-4974
Photo of Doris Low, PSW, Registered Social Worker
Doris Low
Registered Social Worker, PSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
At some point, we have all experienced stress, felt anxious, overwhelmed, sad or depressed. No one is immune to the common human struggles. Sometimes, we can get better on our own, but other times, we notice patterns that we have not been able to change, or issues start to overwhelm and negatively affect our lives, relationship, work or academic learning. The decision to seek therapy is a positive and courageous step to achieve psychological and emotional clarity in order to lead a more productive and satisfying life.
At some point, we have all experienced stress, felt anxious, overwhelmed, sad or depressed. No one is immune to the common human struggles. Sometimes, we can get better on our own, but other times, we notice patterns that we have not been able to change, or issues start to overwhelm and negatively affect our lives, relationship, work or academic learning. The decision to seek therapy is a positive and courageous step to achieve psychological and emotional clarity in order to lead a more productive and satisfying life.
(438) 500-6318 View (438) 500-6318
Photo of Lori Vinaric, BSW, MSW, TS, Registered Social Worker
Lori Vinaric
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, TS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
There is great strength in allowing the tears to fall and asking for help. Specializing in grief and loss, I believe in the importance of informing and educating people on coping with and understanding the impact it can have on all facets of daily living. Trained in the Beck method of CBT, I provide solutions focused counselling and support to people struggling with a variety of challenges such as burn out, life cycle changes, anxiety and depression.
There is great strength in allowing the tears to fall and asking for help. Specializing in grief and loss, I believe in the importance of informing and educating people on coping with and understanding the impact it can have on all facets of daily living. Trained in the Beck method of CBT, I provide solutions focused counselling and support to people struggling with a variety of challenges such as burn out, life cycle changes, anxiety and depression.
(514) 900-0191 View (514) 900-0191
Photo of Jeremy Paul, BSW, MSW, Registered Social Worker
Jeremy Paul
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
With growth and development, come new obstacles and challenges. I am here to help guide you along the way. I work primarily with families, couples, children and adolescents and specialize in supporting clients with a multitude of issues. People are resilient and capable of living fulfilled lives. Given an environment that is respectful and supportive even those who have felt stuck or hopeless can find their way.
With growth and development, come new obstacles and challenges. I am here to help guide you along the way. I work primarily with families, couples, children and adolescents and specialize in supporting clients with a multitude of issues. People are resilient and capable of living fulfilled lives. Given an environment that is respectful and supportive even those who have felt stuck or hopeless can find their way.
(514) 700-4001 View (514) 700-4001
Photo of Robin Grumet, PhD, OPQ, Psychologist
Robin Grumet
Psychologist, PhD, OPQ
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes when we are distressed, we can lose sight of the things that are most important to us. When we are feeling unwell our energy often becomes focused on managing negative feelings and living a satisfying life can become difficult. Do you often feel anxious, sad, hopeless, or overwhelmed? Perhaps you are feeling stuck or just unsatisfied with your life right now. I can help you understand the processes that have contributed to and maintain your suffering, and support you in reconnecting with your values to live a more satisfying life.
Sometimes when we are distressed, we can lose sight of the things that are most important to us. When we are feeling unwell our energy often becomes focused on managing negative feelings and living a satisfying life can become difficult. Do you often feel anxious, sad, hopeless, or overwhelmed? Perhaps you are feeling stuck or just unsatisfied with your life right now. I can help you understand the processes that have contributed to and maintain your suffering, and support you in reconnecting with your values to live a more satisfying life.
(438) 299-8290 View (438) 299-8290
Photo of Jane Brereton, psw, ctp, Registered Social Worker
Jane Brereton
Registered Social Worker, psw, ctp
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can sometimes feel like a lot to handle, leaving us stressed, anxious, and disconnected from ourselves and others. I work with individuals from all walks of life who are dealing with everyday stress, life changes, and personal challenges. It is common to struggle with things like low self-esteem, trying to please others, constant worry, or perfectionism. As a trauma-informed therapist, I offer a safe and supportive space where we can work through these struggles together, helping you reconnect with yourself, build confidence, and find a way forward—no matter how tough things may seem.
Life can sometimes feel like a lot to handle, leaving us stressed, anxious, and disconnected from ourselves and others. I work with individuals from all walks of life who are dealing with everyday stress, life changes, and personal challenges. It is common to struggle with things like low self-esteem, trying to please others, constant worry, or perfectionism. As a trauma-informed therapist, I offer a safe and supportive space where we can work through these struggles together, helping you reconnect with yourself, build confidence, and find a way forward—no matter how tough things may seem.
(438) 255-0668 View (438) 255-0668
Photo of Dr. Lyane Trepanier, PhD, MSc, OPQ, Psychologist
Dr. Lyane Trepanier
Psychologist, PhD, MSc, OPQ
Verified Verified
Warm welcome. Are you navigating tough emotions like sadness & anxiety, dealing with a difficult relationship, or trying to move past unresolved traumas? That is truly no way to live. I believe you deserve a life filled with more joy and less burden, and you don't have to find it alone. In my practice, I use evidence-based tools to help you transform your life actively. If you want to be accompanied as you take steps towards feeling better, and are willing to put what we talked about into practice, then we'll make a good team. Let’s start this healing journey together and unlock the joy you deserve!
Warm welcome. Are you navigating tough emotions like sadness & anxiety, dealing with a difficult relationship, or trying to move past unresolved traumas? That is truly no way to live. I believe you deserve a life filled with more joy and less burden, and you don't have to find it alone. In my practice, I use evidence-based tools to help you transform your life actively. If you want to be accompanied as you take steps towards feeling better, and are willing to put what we talked about into practice, then we'll make a good team. Let’s start this healing journey together and unlock the joy you deserve!
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Photo of Melissa Stern, MA, PhD, OPQ, Psychologist
Melissa Stern
Psychologist, MA, PhD, OPQ
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Are you the parent of a struggling child, teenager or young adult, wondering what you could do to help them feel better? Does your child want to take care of their emotions but most of the time, their emotions take control of them? Are they struggling with an unhealthy relationship or high anxiety? Do they make a lot of impulsive decisions that they later regret? Or, are you a teen or young adult yourself? Do you feel like no one understands what you are going through? Do you want to feel truly heard? Have you tried different types of therapies and nothing seems to work?
Are you the parent of a struggling child, teenager or young adult, wondering what you could do to help them feel better? Does your child want to take care of their emotions but most of the time, their emotions take control of them? Are they struggling with an unhealthy relationship or high anxiety? Do they make a lot of impulsive decisions that they later regret? Or, are you a teen or young adult yourself? Do you feel like no one understands what you are going through? Do you want to feel truly heard? Have you tried different types of therapies and nothing seems to work?
(438) 700-9290 View (438) 700-9290
1

See more therapy options for H9R

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in H9R

70+

Average cost per session

$160

Counsellors in H9R who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
92% Self Esteem
85% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
77% Stress
75% Coping Skills
63% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Other
45% SunLife
40% Blue Cross

How Counsellors in H9R see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

88% Female
12% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in H9R?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.