Photo of Marina Serrao in Montréal, QC
Marina Serrao
BA, TRA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H4C  (Online Only)
My specialty is relationships of all types (with yourself, romantic, family and friends).
Authentic communication means knowing yourself, your needs, boundaries and patterns, and expressing them responsibly and with love. People who see me want to see how their repetitive, harmful patterns have held them back from getting their needs met. Together, working on self-esteem, relationships, patterns, and communication skills can lead to lasting change in your life. You have the capacity to grow, to heal from whatever may be holding you back and to connect with your happiest self simply by truly being You. Self-acceptance, love and taking responsibility for yourself and your needs allow you to be HAPPY.
My specialty is relationships of all types (with yourself, romantic, family and friends).
Authentic communication means knowing yourself, your needs, boundaries and patterns, and expressing them responsibly and with love. People who see me want to see how their repetitive, harmful patterns have held them back from getting their needs met. Together, working on self-esteem, relationships, patterns, and communication skills can lead to lasting change in your life. You have the capacity to grow, to heal from whatever may be holding you back and to connect with your happiest self simply by truly being You. Self-acceptance, love and taking responsibility for yourself and your needs allow you to be HAPPY.
(438) 300-5119 View (438) 300-5119
Photo of Catherine Mereb, Psychologist in Montréal, QC
Catherine Mereb
Psychologist, MEd
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4C
I am a psychologist, member of the Ordre des psychologues du Québec (OPQ) since 2005. I completed my training at McGill University and specialize in working with individuals who are experiencing personal difficulties that interfere with their lives. I help these individuals in identifying, assessing, and resolving concerns, which may be affecting their personal, professional, academic, and/or emotional growth. Among the concerns commonly presented are low self-esteem, stress, relationship or family issues, identity issues, burn-out from work, difficult life transitions, as well as over-riding feelings of anxiety and depression.
I am a psychologist, member of the Ordre des psychologues du Québec (OPQ) since 2005. I completed my training at McGill University and specialize in working with individuals who are experiencing personal difficulties that interfere with their lives. I help these individuals in identifying, assessing, and resolving concerns, which may be affecting their personal, professional, academic, and/or emotional growth. Among the concerns commonly presented are low self-esteem, stress, relationship or family issues, identity issues, burn-out from work, difficult life transitions, as well as over-riding feelings of anxiety and depression.
(866) 272-7342 View (866) 272-7342
Photo of Verity Ly, Registered Psychotherapist in Montréal, QC
Verity Ly
Registered Psychotherapist, MSW, CFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H3Z
My approach draws from Emotionally Focused Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, psychodynamic concepts, family systems theory, as well as attachment-based and trauma-informed frameworks.
Hello, I am glad you're here. I hope that you find what you’re looking for and, if you feel comfortable, perhaps I can lend you a helping hand along the way. I believe that nurturing a deeper understanding of ourselves, others, and the contexts that we live in; recognizing the parts that we can and cannot change; and grieving what we should have received but didn't, can allow us more meaning and contentment as we move in life. I hope to accompany you in your process, whether you feel stuck in repeating patterns, are facing difficult situations, and/or are trying to find balance and fulfillment in the various roles you hold.
My approach draws from Emotionally Focused Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, psychodynamic concepts, family systems theory, as well as attachment-based and trauma-informed frameworks.
Hello, I am glad you're here. I hope that you find what you’re looking for and, if you feel comfortable, perhaps I can lend you a helping hand along the way. I believe that nurturing a deeper understanding of ourselves, others, and the contexts that we live in; recognizing the parts that we can and cannot change; and grieving what we should have received but didn't, can allow us more meaning and contentment as we move in life. I hope to accompany you in your process, whether you feel stuck in repeating patterns, are facing difficult situations, and/or are trying to find balance and fulfillment in the various roles you hold.
(438) 529-6478 View (438) 529-6478
Photo of Ornela Kapetani- Drama Therapist, Counsellor in Montréal, QC
Ornela Kapetani- Drama Therapist
Counsellor, MA, RDT
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H2V
Are you stuck in repetitive, unhealthy patterns and feel as if life happens to you? Drama Therapy can provide the tools and context to engage your imagination in telling your story, solve problems, express feelings and achieve insight. Being active in personal healing is transforming and life affirming experience. Through this technique the life journey of an individual/couple/family can be actively explored and interpersonal skills increased. Participants expand and integrate parts of themselves for a more functional self to emerge. Drama therapy's creative flexibility makes it an appropriate intervention for people of all ages.
Are you stuck in repetitive, unhealthy patterns and feel as if life happens to you? Drama Therapy can provide the tools and context to engage your imagination in telling your story, solve problems, express feelings and achieve insight. Being active in personal healing is transforming and life affirming experience. Through this technique the life journey of an individual/couple/family can be actively explored and interpersonal skills increased. Participants expand and integrate parts of themselves for a more functional self to emerge. Drama therapy's creative flexibility makes it an appropriate intervention for people of all ages.
(438) 701-9404 View (438) 701-9404
Photo of Jackson Hagner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Montréal, QC
Jackson Hagner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSW , CFT
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H2S
I am a social worker, couple and family therapist, and psychotherapist. Using an attachment lens, I draw on an array of psychotherapeutic practices to support clients in enhancing their relational health, emotional wellbeing, and ability to find safety in close adult relationships, including emotionally focused, trauma-informed/focused, and systemic approaches. My work is grounded in a commitment to social justice, and I seek to foster a compassionate environment for all my clients while recognizing how broader systems of power impact our lives and filter into our relationships.
I am a social worker, couple and family therapist, and psychotherapist. Using an attachment lens, I draw on an array of psychotherapeutic practices to support clients in enhancing their relational health, emotional wellbeing, and ability to find safety in close adult relationships, including emotionally focused, trauma-informed/focused, and systemic approaches. My work is grounded in a commitment to social justice, and I seek to foster a compassionate environment for all my clients while recognizing how broader systems of power impact our lives and filter into our relationships.
(438) 814-5997 View (438) 814-5997
Photo of Rachel Grostern, Registered Psychotherapist in Montréal, QC
Rachel Grostern
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, MFT
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4A  (Online Only)
I am a licensed psychotherapist with the Order of Psychologists of Quebec and a licensed couple and family therapist with the Order of Social Workers & Couple & Family Therapists of Quebec.
I want to help you live a more meaningful life where you can feel comfortable being yourself. Healthy, fulfilling and authentic relationships with ourselves & others are the key to wellbeing. Change is possible when we are willing and feel safe enough to explore ourselves, our relationships & the patterns that arise in those interactions. Using a warm, collaborative, strength-based, culturally sensitive & trauma sensitive approach, I aim to help you develop an increased understanding of yourself & deepen a sense of connection in your most meaningful relationships.
I am a licensed psychotherapist with the Order of Psychologists of Quebec and a licensed couple and family therapist with the Order of Social Workers & Couple & Family Therapists of Quebec.
I want to help you live a more meaningful life where you can feel comfortable being yourself. Healthy, fulfilling and authentic relationships with ourselves & others are the key to wellbeing. Change is possible when we are willing and feel safe enough to explore ourselves, our relationships & the patterns that arise in those interactions. Using a warm, collaborative, strength-based, culturally sensitive & trauma sensitive approach, I aim to help you develop an increased understanding of yourself & deepen a sense of connection in your most meaningful relationships.
(438) 500-1779 View (438) 500-1779
Photo of Laura Malbogat, Counsellor in Montréal, QC
Laura Malbogat
Counsellor, MEd, B, Psy, Ed, Spec
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4A
Family, work, and personal life are all intertwined and connected.
Difficult life challenges and decisions can be overwhelming. Clients can feel stuck and directionless. I have a real capacity to help clients gain better understanding and create change. I have a Masters in Counselling, McGill University and am a certified Executive/Life Coach. Clients can have challenges that benefit not just from awareness or insight but also need behavioural change. I facilitate clients to learn practical skills and explore issues more deeply. Having lived and worked overseas for 10 years in several different countries means I have cultural awareness. I am skilled at picking out the real issues and concerns.
Family, work, and personal life are all intertwined and connected.
Difficult life challenges and decisions can be overwhelming. Clients can feel stuck and directionless. I have a real capacity to help clients gain better understanding and create change. I have a Masters in Counselling, McGill University and am a certified Executive/Life Coach. Clients can have challenges that benefit not just from awareness or insight but also need behavioural change. I facilitate clients to learn practical skills and explore issues more deeply. Having lived and worked overseas for 10 years in several different countries means I have cultural awareness. I am skilled at picking out the real issues and concerns.
(855) 504-6098 View (855) 504-6098
Photo of Wendy Lehman in Montréal, QC
Wendy Lehman
MA, LPC, ACNN
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H2X
Over the past 19 years I have had the honor of supporting my clients' journeys of healing and growth. I provide deep listening, respect, and a safe space for clients to reflect and expand self-awareness. We work together to identify and achieve your individualized therapeutic goals. As a result of therapy, my clients have been able to: Improve decision-making, manage difficult emotions with integrity, have loving relationships with family, and let go of old fears and hurt, to enjoy life in the present.
Over the past 19 years I have had the honor of supporting my clients' journeys of healing and growth. I provide deep listening, respect, and a safe space for clients to reflect and expand self-awareness. We work together to identify and achieve your individualized therapeutic goals. As a result of therapy, my clients have been able to: Improve decision-making, manage difficult emotions with integrity, have loving relationships with family, and let go of old fears and hurt, to enjoy life in the present.
(438) 500-6278 View (438) 500-6278
Photo of Tom Caplan in Montréal, QC
Tom Caplan
MSW, MFT
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H3S
Waitlist for new clients
Tom Caplan, MSW, MFT is a licensed Social worker (OTSTCFQ), Marriage and Family Therapist and Supervisor (AAMFT/CAMFT), and psychotherapist (OPQ) in private practice who works with individuals, couples, families and groups. He was an Adjunct Professor at McGill University (Ret.) in the School of Social Work and consultant to the McGill Domestic Violence Clinic, Montreal Anger Management Centre and the Caplan Therapy Centre. He is also a designated expert in Domestic Violence and Generalized Violence for the Quebec Court System. Tom is on staff at the Cree Baord of Health and is a contractor for KSCS.
Tom Caplan, MSW, MFT is a licensed Social worker (OTSTCFQ), Marriage and Family Therapist and Supervisor (AAMFT/CAMFT), and psychotherapist (OPQ) in private practice who works with individuals, couples, families and groups. He was an Adjunct Professor at McGill University (Ret.) in the School of Social Work and consultant to the McGill Domestic Violence Clinic, Montreal Anger Management Centre and the Caplan Therapy Centre. He is also a designated expert in Domestic Violence and Generalized Violence for the Quebec Court System. Tom is on staff at the Cree Baord of Health and is a contractor for KSCS.
(514) 400-2520 View (514) 400-2520
Photo of Ioana German, Psychologist in Montréal, QC
Ioana German
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H2W  (Online Only)
I focus on helping my clients make a difference in their lives. I work with people seeking individual, couples or family counselling. I focus on improving an individual's well-being and mental health, to resolve or mitigate troublesome behaviour, beliefs, compulsions, thoughts, or emotions, and to improve relationships and social skills. I use cognitive behavioural, as well as humanist, person-centred, and existential approaches in psychotherapy. My approaches aim at developing the client's insight, or self-understanding focusing on issues such as choice, meaning, and responsibility.
I focus on helping my clients make a difference in their lives. I work with people seeking individual, couples or family counselling. I focus on improving an individual's well-being and mental health, to resolve or mitigate troublesome behaviour, beliefs, compulsions, thoughts, or emotions, and to improve relationships and social skills. I use cognitive behavioural, as well as humanist, person-centred, and existential approaches in psychotherapy. My approaches aim at developing the client's insight, or self-understanding focusing on issues such as choice, meaning, and responsibility.
(438) 795-4765 View (438) 795-4765
Photo of Shyam Anandampillai, Registered Psychotherapist in Montréal, QC
Shyam Anandampillai
Registered Psychotherapist, MSc(A), MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H2X  (Online Only)
I believe that psychotherapy in essence is a collaborative process that aims to increase psychological well-being and reduce emotional pain, loneliness and languishing which are ever present in today's world. At the heart of this process, is the positive healing relationship that develops between an individual, a couple or a family, and the therapist. I offer clients a non-judgemental, empathic and queer affirmative space where they learn to identify and tolerate their emotions, articulate appropriately their needs to significant people in their life and work on breaking away from toxic negative cycles.
I believe that psychotherapy in essence is a collaborative process that aims to increase psychological well-being and reduce emotional pain, loneliness and languishing which are ever present in today's world. At the heart of this process, is the positive healing relationship that develops between an individual, a couple or a family, and the therapist. I offer clients a non-judgemental, empathic and queer affirmative space where they learn to identify and tolerate their emotions, articulate appropriately their needs to significant people in their life and work on breaking away from toxic negative cycles.
(438) 255-0905 View (438) 255-0905
Photo of Stephanie Bogue Kerr, Registered Social Worker in Montréal, QC
Stephanie Bogue Kerr
Registered Social Worker, MA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H3Z
I think (and research agrees!) that the most important part of therapy is that you feel comfortable talking to your therapist and feel they understand how you see the world. To me, this means that my experiences help me to connect with you. I studied theatre performance. I lived in Asia, where I gained insight into a different worldview. I've travelled. I taught elementary school, allowing me to understand child development and family relationships more deeply. I have experience with illness, loss & complex mental health issues. I have a Master's in Drama Therapy, a Master's in Social Work & I'm completing my PhD in Social Work.
I think (and research agrees!) that the most important part of therapy is that you feel comfortable talking to your therapist and feel they understand how you see the world. To me, this means that my experiences help me to connect with you. I studied theatre performance. I lived in Asia, where I gained insight into a different worldview. I've travelled. I taught elementary school, allowing me to understand child development and family relationships more deeply. I have experience with illness, loss & complex mental health issues. I have a Master's in Drama Therapy, a Master's in Social Work & I'm completing my PhD in Social Work.
(438) 801-0098 View (438) 801-0098
Photo of Anne Celeste Eitzen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Montréal, QC
Anne Celeste Eitzen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H4A
My practice is LGBTQ+ friendly, kink-informed, well versed in ethical non monogamy and non-traditional family configurations.
My three specialization are couples, individuals and families. I work to improve attachment and communication. We tackle those scripted cycles that can feel “stuck in a rut”. I use techniques and activities to deepen understanding and build intimacy. I work with a myriad of issues including trauma, addiction and burnout to name a few. I offer ways to help strengthen parenting skills in order to support children (Please note: I do not work alone with children). I work with adolescents with a focus on respect and strengthening skills for individuation. I hold a deep belief in supporting folks in finding resilience.
My practice is LGBTQ+ friendly, kink-informed, well versed in ethical non monogamy and non-traditional family configurations.
My three specialization are couples, individuals and families. I work to improve attachment and communication. We tackle those scripted cycles that can feel “stuck in a rut”. I use techniques and activities to deepen understanding and build intimacy. I work with a myriad of issues including trauma, addiction and burnout to name a few. I offer ways to help strengthen parenting skills in order to support children (Please note: I do not work alone with children). I work with adolescents with a focus on respect and strengthening skills for individuation. I hold a deep belief in supporting folks in finding resilience.
(438) 700-8698 View (438) 700-8698
Photo of Alison Pollock, Marriage & Family Therapist in Montréal, QC
Alison Pollock
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, CFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H3A
I am a licensed couple and family therapist and psychotherapist. In 2019, I was the recipient of the clinical excellence award for couple and family therapy from McGill University. I received a Master's in psychology in 2009. My area of focus is on helping people understand their relationship patterns and helping them build more meaningful and stable connections with others. I understand that right now you may feel that as though you have too much on your plate and that you are struggling to balance all of life's demands. Many people do not take the time to focus on themselves and invest in their emotional well- being.
I am a licensed couple and family therapist and psychotherapist. In 2019, I was the recipient of the clinical excellence award for couple and family therapy from McGill University. I received a Master's in psychology in 2009. My area of focus is on helping people understand their relationship patterns and helping them build more meaningful and stable connections with others. I understand that right now you may feel that as though you have too much on your plate and that you are struggling to balance all of life's demands. Many people do not take the time to focus on themselves and invest in their emotional well- being.
(438) 834-2859 View (438) 834-2859
Photo of Caroline Kramer Zilkha, Psychologist in Montréal, QC
Caroline Kramer Zilkha
Psychologist, MA, CAMFT, CPA, APA, CRHSPP
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4A
Waitlist for new clients
Member of: Quebec Order of Psychologists, Canadian Psychological Association, American Psychological Association, Canadian Association of Marriage and Family Therapists, American Assoiciation of Marriage and Family Therapy, National Registry of Health Service Providers in Psychology.
I am a Psychologist/Registered Marriage Therapist in private practice. I work with individuals and couples dealing with life's challenges, losses and inevitable transitions. I help clients get clarity of their situation, identify and modify self-defeating patterns of behaviour and begin to recognze the negative interaction cycles that keep them stuck. My goal is to build trust, emotional safety, empathy and forgiveness. For relationships too wounded to repair, I will help couples separate with dignity and respect. I use an integrative approach combining psychodynamic / EFT/family systems /CBT therapies. I offer online sessions.
Member of: Quebec Order of Psychologists, Canadian Psychological Association, American Psychological Association, Canadian Association of Marriage and Family Therapists, American Assoiciation of Marriage and Family Therapy, National Registry of Health Service Providers in Psychology.
I am a Psychologist/Registered Marriage Therapist in private practice. I work with individuals and couples dealing with life's challenges, losses and inevitable transitions. I help clients get clarity of their situation, identify and modify self-defeating patterns of behaviour and begin to recognze the negative interaction cycles that keep them stuck. My goal is to build trust, emotional safety, empathy and forgiveness. For relationships too wounded to repair, I will help couples separate with dignity and respect. I use an integrative approach combining psychodynamic / EFT/family systems /CBT therapies. I offer online sessions.
(855) 499-0861 View (855) 499-0861
Photo of Shelley Schwartz, Psychologist in Montréal, QC
Shelley Schwartz
Psychologist, MEd
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4A
My job is to help my client realize his/her goals. Through our sessions we will discuss issues, behaviours, anxieties, stressors and coping mechanisms. A history and understanding family dynamics will help use to change patterns of behavior that are no longer necessary as they were in the past .
My job is to help my client realize his/her goals. Through our sessions we will discuss issues, behaviours, anxieties, stressors and coping mechanisms. A history and understanding family dynamics will help use to change patterns of behavior that are no longer necessary as they were in the past .
(438) 802-3065 x514895 View (438) 802-3065 x514895
Photo of Ariane Guberman-Caron, Registered Psychotherapist in Montréal, QC
Ariane Guberman-Caron
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H3K  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am certified as a psychotherapist, as well as a couple and family therapist.
If you are struggling in your life, and want a safe, supportive environment in which to gain insight and coping skills, I would like to help you achieve that. My clients tell me they feel heard and empowered to make meaningful changes in their lives, whether it be in their behaviour (addictions, impulsivity, activation), thinking and emotional patterns (anxiety, depression, stress) or relationships (couple difficulties, parenting, family of origin).
I am certified as a psychotherapist, as well as a couple and family therapist.
If you are struggling in your life, and want a safe, supportive environment in which to gain insight and coping skills, I would like to help you achieve that. My clients tell me they feel heard and empowered to make meaningful changes in their lives, whether it be in their behaviour (addictions, impulsivity, activation), thinking and emotional patterns (anxiety, depression, stress) or relationships (couple difficulties, parenting, family of origin).
(438) 230-5705 View (438) 230-5705
Photo of Darcie Largan, Registered Social Worker in Montréal, QC
Darcie Largan
Registered Social Worker, MSW, PSW, CFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H4C
I am a licensed social worker, and couple and family therapist and psychotherapist.
I work with individuals, couples and families who are looking to make meaningful changes to their lives. I believe that you have the capacity to grow, to heal from whatever may be holding you back, and to connect with your happiest self.
I am a licensed social worker, and couple and family therapist and psychotherapist.
I work with individuals, couples and families who are looking to make meaningful changes to their lives. I believe that you have the capacity to grow, to heal from whatever may be holding you back, and to connect with your happiest self.
(438) 834-7503 View (438) 834-7503
Photo of clinique entourfamille, Psychologist in Montréal, QC
clinique entourfamille
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montréal, QC H4A
At clinique entourfamille(TM), we help children reach their potential through: Child and Family Counseling, Speech Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Assessments and Evaluation, Sensory Processing Support, Social Skills Groups, School-Based Observation and Consultation.
clinique entourfamille(TM) is a multi-disciplinary private clinic that supports children and their families by providing guidance and solutions for developmental, social and academic growth. With a focus on the overall well-being of children and adolescents, our team of caring and highly qualified professionals addresses communication, behavioral, social, motor, psychological, sensory processing and academic skills.
At clinique entourfamille(TM), we help children reach their potential through: Child and Family Counseling, Speech Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Assessments and Evaluation, Sensory Processing Support, Social Skills Groups, School-Based Observation and Consultation.
clinique entourfamille(TM) is a multi-disciplinary private clinic that supports children and their families by providing guidance and solutions for developmental, social and academic growth. With a focus on the overall well-being of children and adolescents, our team of caring and highly qualified professionals addresses communication, behavioral, social, motor, psychological, sensory processing and academic skills.
(438) 807-3454 View (438) 807-3454
Photo of Patrick De Bortoli Psychotherapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Montréal, QC
Patrick De Bortoli Psychotherapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, CFT
Verified Verified
Montréal, QC H4A  (Online Only)
If today seems like an interminable day, and sets the stage for a profound apprehension for tomorrow, whether individually, within your couple or your family; it is maybe time to consult. Whomever you choose, be sure to be comfortable and feel safe. If you are interested in someone who has a compassionate ear and a reassuring expertise, perhaps we could work collaboratively at finding ways to foster harmony, confidence and peace for you and your close ones. Trained as Couple and Family Therapist at Syracuse University, I work as much with couples, families as individuals.
If today seems like an interminable day, and sets the stage for a profound apprehension for tomorrow, whether individually, within your couple or your family; it is maybe time to consult. Whomever you choose, be sure to be comfortable and feel safe. If you are interested in someone who has a compassionate ear and a reassuring expertise, perhaps we could work collaboratively at finding ways to foster harmony, confidence and peace for you and your close ones. Trained as Couple and Family Therapist at Syracuse University, I work as much with couples, families as individuals.
(438) 834-3002 View (438) 834-3002

See more therapy options for Montréal

Family Therapy Counsellors

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.