Photo of Emerald Lacaille, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Emerald Lacaille
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Mississauga, ON L5C  (Online Only)
My therapy practice is deeply rooted in celebrating 2SLGBTQ identities, neurodivergence, harm reduction, building a better relationship with your body and eating, and unpacking the impacts of trauma. If you tend to intellectualize your emotions and struggle to really feel them, my somatic and arts-based approach may work for you. You may already have a clear idea of what you'd like to discuss in therapy - or you may not! Either way is more than welcome.
My therapy practice is deeply rooted in celebrating 2SLGBTQ identities, neurodivergence, harm reduction, building a better relationship with your body and eating, and unpacking the impacts of trauma. If you tend to intellectualize your emotions and struggle to really feel them, my somatic and arts-based approach may work for you. You may already have a clear idea of what you'd like to discuss in therapy - or you may not! Either way is more than welcome.
(437) 747-7603 View (437) 747-7603

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Robyn Letson (They-Them), Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Robyn Letson (They-Them)
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6S  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! I'm a queer, transmasculine therapist with a background in health and community-based work, as well as in music, writing, and theatre. I draw upon a range of strengths-based and trauma-informed therapy approaches with the intention of increasing my clients' capacity to safely connect to themselves and to move toward ways of living and relating that affirm them in their wholeness. I aim to be an active and supportive presence in the therapy process, and to work in a way that is guided by the political frameworks I value in my everyday life: anti-oppression, harm reduction, and abolition.
Hello and welcome! I'm a queer, transmasculine therapist with a background in health and community-based work, as well as in music, writing, and theatre. I draw upon a range of strengths-based and trauma-informed therapy approaches with the intention of increasing my clients' capacity to safely connect to themselves and to move toward ways of living and relating that affirm them in their wholeness. I aim to be an active and supportive presence in the therapy process, and to work in a way that is guided by the political frameworks I value in my everyday life: anti-oppression, harm reduction, and abolition.
View
Photo of Bushra Ahmed, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Bushra Ahmed
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M9A  (Online Only)
I work with racialized, LGBTQ+, and immigrant communities, who are experiencing issues related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, and trauma related to their intersectional identities and experiences. I work well with individuals who are open to exploring their emotions and thoughts in a safe and non-judgmental space. They seek a therapeutic relationship where they can foster self-awareness, identify patterns of behavior that may no longer serve them, and cultivate healthier ways of relating to themselves and others. I encourage collaborative approaches with clients, and aid in facilitating their personal growth and empowerment.
I work with racialized, LGBTQ+, and immigrant communities, who are experiencing issues related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, and trauma related to their intersectional identities and experiences. I work well with individuals who are open to exploring their emotions and thoughts in a safe and non-judgmental space. They seek a therapeutic relationship where they can foster self-awareness, identify patterns of behavior that may no longer serve them, and cultivate healthier ways of relating to themselves and others. I encourage collaborative approaches with clients, and aid in facilitating their personal growth and empowerment.
(289) 301-4032 View (289) 301-4032

Online Therapists

Photo of Tara Jane Wodelet, Registered Psychotherapist in Mississauga, ON
Tara Jane Wodelet
Registered Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5C  (Online Only)
I am skilled in working with clients across a broad range of concerns, including overall mental health, life transition, grief/loss, complex and family trauma, gender and sexuality, and attachment related struggles.
Welcome! I am a queer and gender expansive therapist, offering individual online therapy across most Canadian jurisdictions. I offer a contextualizing, self-compassionate, and strengths based approach. While life's hardships will never disappear, I can help you come to more peace and aliveness within yourself. I offer a warm, non-judgmental space to be seen, heard, and grow within. Therapy is kind of like detangling a big ball of yarn; it can be both hard yet relieving (you're not broken, just tangled!), and ultimately allows room for more consciousness/choice to flow in: now that your threads are free, what would you like to weave?
I am skilled in working with clients across a broad range of concerns, including overall mental health, life transition, grief/loss, complex and family trauma, gender and sexuality, and attachment related struggles.
Welcome! I am a queer and gender expansive therapist, offering individual online therapy across most Canadian jurisdictions. I offer a contextualizing, self-compassionate, and strengths based approach. While life's hardships will never disappear, I can help you come to more peace and aliveness within yourself. I offer a warm, non-judgmental space to be seen, heard, and grow within. Therapy is kind of like detangling a big ball of yarn; it can be both hard yet relieving (you're not broken, just tangled!), and ultimately allows room for more consciousness/choice to flow in: now that your threads are free, what would you like to weave?
View
Photo of Megan Gauthier, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Megan Gauthier
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1H  (Online Only)
Specializing in trauma/PTSD, relationship/family issues, and anxiety, I am here to walk alongside you on this journey of growth.
Are you trying to move forward in life, but find yourself constantly weighed down by the past? Maybe it's your experience growing up, a toxic relationship, or something that happened to you. After hardship or trauma, the brain adapts in brilliant (though sometimes unhelpful) ways. You might find yourself feeling anxious and unable to let things go, numb and shut down, or feeling disconnected from the person you want to be and the life you want to be living. If that sounds like you, know that this doesn't have to go on forever.
Specializing in trauma/PTSD, relationship/family issues, and anxiety, I am here to walk alongside you on this journey of growth.
Are you trying to move forward in life, but find yourself constantly weighed down by the past? Maybe it's your experience growing up, a toxic relationship, or something that happened to you. After hardship or trauma, the brain adapts in brilliant (though sometimes unhelpful) ways. You might find yourself feeling anxious and unable to let things go, numb and shut down, or feeling disconnected from the person you want to be and the life you want to be living. If that sounds like you, know that this doesn't have to go on forever.
(548) 490-4617 View (548) 490-4617
Photo of Virtual LGBTQ+ Therapy, Rainbowcounselling, Registered Psychotherapist in Mississauga, ON
Virtual LGBTQ+ Therapy, Rainbowcounselling
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London, ON N5Y  (Online Only)
Are you, your relationship or family looking for a therapist with lived experience & knowledge of 2SLGBTQ identities? Rainbowcounselling is a completely virtual 2SLGBTQ+ Affirming Therapy Practice which supports folks all over Ontario, Canada. We value anti-oppressive and trauma informed approaches to counselling. Our therapists understand the importance of bridging the gap in accessible mental health care for queer and transgender folks. Our therapists specialize in topics including: Autism, ADHD, Neurodivergent, Non-Monogamy, Polyamory, Healing Trauma, CPTSD, Relational Wounds, Betrayal, Exploring Sexuality & Gender.
Are you, your relationship or family looking for a therapist with lived experience & knowledge of 2SLGBTQ identities? Rainbowcounselling is a completely virtual 2SLGBTQ+ Affirming Therapy Practice which supports folks all over Ontario, Canada. We value anti-oppressive and trauma informed approaches to counselling. Our therapists understand the importance of bridging the gap in accessible mental health care for queer and transgender folks. Our therapists specialize in topics including: Autism, ADHD, Neurodivergent, Non-Monogamy, Polyamory, Healing Trauma, CPTSD, Relational Wounds, Betrayal, Exploring Sexuality & Gender.
(289) 805-6169 View (289) 805-6169
Photo of Tara McMahon, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Tara McMahon
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4K
I am trained in CBT/DBT and internal family systems as well as mindfulness practices.
Hello! I am a compassionate, supportive and collaborative therapist that offers both short term or long term therapy depending on what you need! I am here to provide you with a safe and nonjudgmental space to work through old pains and new life challenges with yourself or family members.
I am trained in CBT/DBT and internal family systems as well as mindfulness practices.
Hello! I am a compassionate, supportive and collaborative therapist that offers both short term or long term therapy depending on what you need! I am here to provide you with a safe and nonjudgmental space to work through old pains and new life challenges with yourself or family members.
(647) 361-0314 View (647) 361-0314
Photo of Maxwell Beckett, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Maxwell Beckett
Registered Social Worker, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London, ON N6C  (Online Only)
Are you finding everything too stressful right now? Have the last few years been just too much? Whether it is work, relationship, family, or just the stress of trying to make it through the week, I can help. No matter how good our friends or family are, it can be so helpful to have someone with an outside perspective to talk with and help sort through things. Our past does impact our present and understanding the ways we respond to the world can make it all so much easier. If you are looking for a therapist who will be supportive and non-judgemental while guiding you towards more self understanding and confidence, I can help.
Are you finding everything too stressful right now? Have the last few years been just too much? Whether it is work, relationship, family, or just the stress of trying to make it through the week, I can help. No matter how good our friends or family are, it can be so helpful to have someone with an outside perspective to talk with and help sort through things. Our past does impact our present and understanding the ways we respond to the world can make it all so much easier. If you are looking for a therapist who will be supportive and non-judgemental while guiding you towards more self understanding and confidence, I can help.
(343) 333-2265 View (343) 333-2265
Photo of CBT Wellness & Virtual Services, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
CBT Wellness & Virtual Services
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pickering, ON L1V
Accepting NEW patients. Are you or your child feeling: overwhelmed, stuck, or on edge? Experiencing mood swings, flashbacks or urges? Having trouble sleeping, managing emotions or getting through the day? Are you having communication or trust issues in your relationshpi? You are NOT alone & we CAN help. We have helped hundreds of people THRIVE in their life & we look forward to helping you too! Our professional, compassionate & experienced therapists have immediate openings for SAME day & NEXT day appointments for individual, couples & family therapy to children (5+), youth and adults.
Accepting NEW patients. Are you or your child feeling: overwhelmed, stuck, or on edge? Experiencing mood swings, flashbacks or urges? Having trouble sleeping, managing emotions or getting through the day? Are you having communication or trust issues in your relationshpi? You are NOT alone & we CAN help. We have helped hundreds of people THRIVE in their life & we look forward to helping you too! Our professional, compassionate & experienced therapists have immediate openings for SAME day & NEXT day appointments for individual, couples & family therapy to children (5+), youth and adults.
(289) 301-7240 View (289) 301-7240
Photo of Karlie Chalmers, Occupational Therapist in Mississauga, ON
Karlie Chalmers
Occupational Therapist, BA, MscOT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6E
Waitlist for new clients
In my practice I combine the useful tools offered by CBT with person-focused meaning-making talk therapies such as Internal Family Systems (IFS) and Existential Psychotherapy.
Welcome. I’m happy you’re here because it means you believe things can get better, and that means you have hope. Hope is a great starting point. All of us woke up in this place called life, and none of us got a manual, let me help you make the most of it. I strive to create a warm, collaborative, and welcoming atmosphere where your bravery and vulnerability are met with a non-judgmental and curious attitude that allows for new insights and self-awareness to surface. I love walking alongside my client’s on their journey to build resilience, tenacity and self-leadership.
In my practice I combine the useful tools offered by CBT with person-focused meaning-making talk therapies such as Internal Family Systems (IFS) and Existential Psychotherapy.
Welcome. I’m happy you’re here because it means you believe things can get better, and that means you have hope. Hope is a great starting point. All of us woke up in this place called life, and none of us got a manual, let me help you make the most of it. I strive to create a warm, collaborative, and welcoming atmosphere where your bravery and vulnerability are met with a non-judgmental and curious attitude that allows for new insights and self-awareness to surface. I love walking alongside my client’s on their journey to build resilience, tenacity and self-leadership.
(437) 747-8479 View (437) 747-8479
Photo of Makinz Madigan Meisel, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Makinz Madigan Meisel
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6H  (Online Only)
***CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS*** I am a client-centered, trauma-informed practicing queer social worker. I specialize in clinical practice; as well as, connecting my clients to appropriate community services and supports. I am committed to serving diverse communities as a social worker and advocate. I specialize in aiding 2SLGBTQIA communities with a focus on folks who identify as transgender/non gender conforming/fluid. Moreover, I have years of experience working with individuals with disabilities, dual diagnosis, mental health, specifically mood disorders, and trauma.
***CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS*** I am a client-centered, trauma-informed practicing queer social worker. I specialize in clinical practice; as well as, connecting my clients to appropriate community services and supports. I am committed to serving diverse communities as a social worker and advocate. I specialize in aiding 2SLGBTQIA communities with a focus on folks who identify as transgender/non gender conforming/fluid. Moreover, I have years of experience working with individuals with disabilities, dual diagnosis, mental health, specifically mood disorders, and trauma.
(647) 492-5207 View (647) 492-5207
Photo of Night Owl Counseling, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Night Owl Counseling
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2C  (Online Only)
Hello! I offer virtual counseling and other supports for adults and youth aged 12+. As a white, neurodivergent, trans, genderqueer pagan with a delayed sleep cycle, I’ve created Night Owl Counseling to be the mutually accessible, anti-oppressive, culturally humble, difference-affirming space I'd always wished for myself. My skillset goes beyond mental health support, because the mind is interconnected with every other part of us. I can also provide life skills coaching, help with accessing other systems, or even develop a long-term plan for your ideal future.
Hello! I offer virtual counseling and other supports for adults and youth aged 12+. As a white, neurodivergent, trans, genderqueer pagan with a delayed sleep cycle, I’ve created Night Owl Counseling to be the mutually accessible, anti-oppressive, culturally humble, difference-affirming space I'd always wished for myself. My skillset goes beyond mental health support, because the mind is interconnected with every other part of us. I can also provide life skills coaching, help with accessing other systems, or even develop a long-term plan for your ideal future.
View
Photo of Jenn Seeley, Registered Psychotherapist in Mississauga, ON
Jenn Seeley
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5A  (Online Only)
As a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), I work with adults and teens who come to me with a variety of challenges. They may be struggling to cope with grief and loss, or are feeling confused about a relationship, or are finding anxiety increasingly hard to manage. I work with folks to bring patterns to light while building new ways of being in relationship to others and feelings together. I love working with feelings - and the people who have them. Whether your feelings are big, bold, and out loud, or you're struggling to articulate or find them, I am glad to sit with you and explore them together.
As a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), I work with adults and teens who come to me with a variety of challenges. They may be struggling to cope with grief and loss, or are feeling confused about a relationship, or are finding anxiety increasingly hard to manage. I work with folks to bring patterns to light while building new ways of being in relationship to others and feelings together. I love working with feelings - and the people who have them. Whether your feelings are big, bold, and out loud, or you're struggling to articulate or find them, I am glad to sit with you and explore them together.
(647) 952-2148 View (647) 952-2148
Photo of Edith Kwan, Registered Psychotherapist in Mississauga, ON
Edith Kwan
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Richmond Hill, ON L4B  (Online Only)
It can be difficult to reach out for support when we feel as though we are caught in the currents of life. Perhaps you've momentarily lost track of your anchor and don't know how to find your way back or maybe you've been floating in the ocean for as long as you remember. Your circumstances and experiences are unique, but you don't have to be alone on your journey. I strive to use my professional training and unique insight from my lived experience to create a safe, non-judgmental and collaborative space where you can be free to explore your identity, experiences and internal processes.
It can be difficult to reach out for support when we feel as though we are caught in the currents of life. Perhaps you've momentarily lost track of your anchor and don't know how to find your way back or maybe you've been floating in the ocean for as long as you remember. Your circumstances and experiences are unique, but you don't have to be alone on your journey. I strive to use my professional training and unique insight from my lived experience to create a safe, non-judgmental and collaborative space where you can be free to explore your identity, experiences and internal processes.
(437) 747-0973 View (437) 747-0973
Photo of Michelle Crozier, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Michelle Crozier
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Hamilton, ON L8M
Welcome! I am a queer-identified Registered Social Worker, with over ten years of experience providing counselling support for individuals, couples, and families. I support people in deepening awareness of their thoughts, feelings, body sensations and adaptive ways of coping. Together we can explore the spaces in your life where you may feel stuck, gently fostering compassion, while moving toward desired growth. My practice is guided by a lens that is Anti-Oppressive, intersectional and feminist. My therapeutic approach is eclectic, drawing on various evidence-based therapeutic modalities to discover what aligns with your needs.
Welcome! I am a queer-identified Registered Social Worker, with over ten years of experience providing counselling support for individuals, couples, and families. I support people in deepening awareness of their thoughts, feelings, body sensations and adaptive ways of coping. Together we can explore the spaces in your life where you may feel stuck, gently fostering compassion, while moving toward desired growth. My practice is guided by a lens that is Anti-Oppressive, intersectional and feminist. My therapeutic approach is eclectic, drawing on various evidence-based therapeutic modalities to discover what aligns with your needs.
(226) 407-4577 View (226) 407-4577
Photo of Rachel Schenk Martin, Registered Psychotherapist in Mississauga, ON
Rachel Schenk Martin
Registered Psychotherapist, MSc
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Guelph, ON N1E  (Online Only)
Every single person, no matter their challenges or situation, has intrinsic value and worth. This is why I believe it is vital to work from a strengths-based stance, and why I spend the time to assess everyone's individual talents, skills, and unique strengths. I believe diversity is beautiful, and that part of my role is to collaborate with your personal knowledges. I utilize an anti-oppressive lens to better understand how systems and power structures impact your life, and work to help you navigate this world. Everyone is deserving of supportive, safe health care.
Every single person, no matter their challenges or situation, has intrinsic value and worth. This is why I believe it is vital to work from a strengths-based stance, and why I spend the time to assess everyone's individual talents, skills, and unique strengths. I believe diversity is beautiful, and that part of my role is to collaborate with your personal knowledges. I utilize an anti-oppressive lens to better understand how systems and power structures impact your life, and work to help you navigate this world. Everyone is deserving of supportive, safe health care.
(226) 784-5487 View (226) 784-5487
Photo of Alicia Pinelli, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Alicia Pinelli
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Niagara Falls, ON L2G  (Online Only)
You have a power within you to overcome obstacles, and thrive within the life you want for yourself. Starting counselling can be scary, intimidating and overwhelming, and that is okay. At Art of Thriving I help to create space where we can go on a journey together towards building a stronger relationship with yourself, uncovering the power that lives within you, and building towards your goals. If you are looking to decrease your stress, build a healthier and more loving relationship with your body and soul, and embark on a journey designed specifically for you, then you’re in right place.
You have a power within you to overcome obstacles, and thrive within the life you want for yourself. Starting counselling can be scary, intimidating and overwhelming, and that is okay. At Art of Thriving I help to create space where we can go on a journey together towards building a stronger relationship with yourself, uncovering the power that lives within you, and building towards your goals. If you are looking to decrease your stress, build a healthier and more loving relationship with your body and soul, and embark on a journey designed specifically for you, then you’re in right place.
(289) 275-9480 View (289) 275-9480
Photo of Adrian Comeau, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Adrian Comeau
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6J  (Online Only)
What do you think when you think of therapy? Are you looking for a therapist who is warm, open, and wants to support you exactly where you are at? When you think of connecting with a therapist, what are some of your hopes? My name is Adrian and I want to provide an open and collaborative space where we can connect about issues you are facing. Things such as grief, depression, anxiety, systemic oppression, not feeling accepted, transitions, and maybe an overall feeling that things are harder than they could be.
What do you think when you think of therapy? Are you looking for a therapist who is warm, open, and wants to support you exactly where you are at? When you think of connecting with a therapist, what are some of your hopes? My name is Adrian and I want to provide an open and collaborative space where we can connect about issues you are facing. Things such as grief, depression, anxiety, systemic oppression, not feeling accepted, transitions, and maybe an overall feeling that things are harder than they could be.
(226) 602-4640 View (226) 602-4640
Photo of Sarah Chikoski, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Sarah Chikoski
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5T
I'm Sarah (She/They), an Ontario registered Social Worker, and I'm here to walk alongside you on your path to healing and growth. I am a Queer, gender fluid individual, with my own lived experiences. Having walked my own path, I truly understand the worth of lived experience in therapeutic work. The special insights and lessons we gather from our personal journeys provide wonderful chances for self-reflection and personal growth. Embracing the idea that lived experience is a valid way of gaining understanding is at the heart of how I approach offering caring and therapeutic support.
I'm Sarah (She/They), an Ontario registered Social Worker, and I'm here to walk alongside you on your path to healing and growth. I am a Queer, gender fluid individual, with my own lived experiences. Having walked my own path, I truly understand the worth of lived experience in therapeutic work. The special insights and lessons we gather from our personal journeys provide wonderful chances for self-reflection and personal growth. Embracing the idea that lived experience is a valid way of gaining understanding is at the heart of how I approach offering caring and therapeutic support.
(437) 747-8219 View (437) 747-8219
Photo of Gavynn McKay, Registered Social Worker in Mississauga, ON
Gavynn McKay
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2C  (Online Only)
Pronouns: he/him or they/them. Reaching out can be difficult, but I am glad to see that you did. I am queer, transgender, autistic, and have ADHD. These intersecting identities shape my experiences and influence my therapy approach. I work with clients from Ontario and Saskatchewan. I aim to create a comfortable space for you to navigate your thoughts and emotions. As someone who has accessed mental health services, I know how important it is to feel heard by your therapist. Because of this, I work with you to ensure you are feeling effectively supported and comfortable. Social media: Tik Tok and Instagram: rainbowgalaxyocunselling
Pronouns: he/him or they/them. Reaching out can be difficult, but I am glad to see that you did. I am queer, transgender, autistic, and have ADHD. These intersecting identities shape my experiences and influence my therapy approach. I work with clients from Ontario and Saskatchewan. I aim to create a comfortable space for you to navigate your thoughts and emotions. As someone who has accessed mental health services, I know how important it is to feel heard by your therapist. Because of this, I work with you to ensure you are feeling effectively supported and comfortable. Social media: Tik Tok and Instagram: rainbowgalaxyocunselling
View

See more therapy options for Mississauga

Family Therapy Counsellors

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.