Photo of Jennifer Estrela, Registered Psychotherapist in Calgary, AB
Jennifer Estrela
Registered Psychotherapist, Hon, BA, MACP
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2N
I offer virtual therapy across Canada and in my practice, I utilizes methods such as Narrative Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Emotional Focus Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Internal Family Systems and Mindfullness to support and aid clients in their therapeutic journey.
I have worked with individuals, couples and families in a variety of settings. I am experienced in working with individuals of all ages who are battling with childhood traumas (sexual/physical abuse), and who struggle with a variety of mental health issues such as Tourettes, ADHD/ADD, Fetal Alcohol Effect, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Reactive Attachment Disorder, Anxiety Disorder and OCD. I have over a decade of experience working with families in crisis, parent/teen conflict, relationship/marriage difficulties, custody/access conflict, addictions, survivors of sexual/physical abuse, depression, and anger management issues.
I offer virtual therapy across Canada and in my practice, I utilizes methods such as Narrative Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Emotional Focus Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Internal Family Systems and Mindfullness to support and aid clients in their therapeutic journey.
I have worked with individuals, couples and families in a variety of settings. I am experienced in working with individuals of all ages who are battling with childhood traumas (sexual/physical abuse), and who struggle with a variety of mental health issues such as Tourettes, ADHD/ADD, Fetal Alcohol Effect, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Reactive Attachment Disorder, Anxiety Disorder and OCD. I have over a decade of experience working with families in crisis, parent/teen conflict, relationship/marriage difficulties, custody/access conflict, addictions, survivors of sexual/physical abuse, depression, and anger management issues.
(289) 206-8537 View (289) 206-8537
Photo of Sara Ludu, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Sara Ludu
Psychologist, RPsych
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3H
I want to help you tap into your innate capacity to heal - help you become open to experience, learn to trust yourself, develop an internal evaluation of yourself and have a willingness to continue growing. In private practice, I provide individual, family, marital/relationship, and group counselling. I treat people across the lifespan including children, adolescents (e.g. navigating identity), adults (e.g. working through relationships, parenting, and career issues), and the elderly (grief and life transitions).
I want to help you tap into your innate capacity to heal - help you become open to experience, learn to trust yourself, develop an internal evaluation of yourself and have a willingness to continue growing. In private practice, I provide individual, family, marital/relationship, and group counselling. I treat people across the lifespan including children, adolescents (e.g. navigating identity), adults (e.g. working through relationships, parenting, and career issues), and the elderly (grief and life transitions).
(587) 317-6482 View (587) 317-6482
Photo of Paloma Scott, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Paloma Scott
Psychologist, MA, in, Psych
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2H
Scott is a registered Psychologist in Alberta and a provider with Family Support for Children with Disabilities (FSCD), Veterans Affairs Canada (VAC), and Workers Compensation Board (WCB).
Mrs. Scott has twenty three years of experience in providing psychotherapy to children, teens, adults, couples and families from different backgrounds with Depression, Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Tic Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Specific Learning Disorder, giftedness. Mrs. Scott helps clients with emotional self-regulation, anger management, social skills, defiance, social anxiety, separation, grieving, and parenting skills. Her goal is to genuinely support people to develop skills, build resilience and excel their lives towards growth, healing, plenitude and success.
Scott is a registered Psychologist in Alberta and a provider with Family Support for Children with Disabilities (FSCD), Veterans Affairs Canada (VAC), and Workers Compensation Board (WCB).
Mrs. Scott has twenty three years of experience in providing psychotherapy to children, teens, adults, couples and families from different backgrounds with Depression, Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Tic Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Specific Learning Disorder, giftedness. Mrs. Scott helps clients with emotional self-regulation, anger management, social skills, defiance, social anxiety, separation, grieving, and parenting skills. Her goal is to genuinely support people to develop skills, build resilience and excel their lives towards growth, healing, plenitude and success.
(587) 844-0549 View (587) 844-0549
Photo of Tina Vanderworp (Individual Psychotherapy And Couples Counselling), Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Tina Vanderworp (Individual Psychotherapy And Couples Counselling)
Counsellor, MPS, CCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T1X
I am a certified psychotherapist and counsellor (CCC) and I specialize in individual and couples counselling. I also offer supervision to therapists. I deeply enjoy working with adults and teens and I have more than 12 years experience in the field. I specialize in crisis interventions, couples counselling, family wellness, teens in crisis, and parenting in multicultural organizations. I use inner child work - a transformative approach which helps one identify root causes and gain deep understanding and compassion for oneself. I am deeply touched to have witnessed profound shifts in people's lives and in their relationships.
I am a certified psychotherapist and counsellor (CCC) and I specialize in individual and couples counselling. I also offer supervision to therapists. I deeply enjoy working with adults and teens and I have more than 12 years experience in the field. I specialize in crisis interventions, couples counselling, family wellness, teens in crisis, and parenting in multicultural organizations. I use inner child work - a transformative approach which helps one identify root causes and gain deep understanding and compassion for oneself. I am deeply touched to have witnessed profound shifts in people's lives and in their relationships.
(587) 850-3258 View (587) 850-3258
Photo of Lesley Lacny, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Lesley Lacny
Psychologist, MA, CPsych, RPsych, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2A  (Online Only)
We can make change in our lives by understanding why we feel the way we do and by being in tune with who we are. Once we get to know ourselves better, we have the power to grow and overcome barriers. Whether you are experiencing stress, anxiety, depression or anger, or if you are encountering family challenges, relationship problems, or addictions, I can help you make the change you are looking for in a safe, open and nurturing environment.
We can make change in our lives by understanding why we feel the way we do and by being in tune with who we are. Once we get to know ourselves better, we have the power to grow and overcome barriers. Whether you are experiencing stress, anxiety, depression or anger, or if you are encountering family challenges, relationship problems, or addictions, I can help you make the change you are looking for in a safe, open and nurturing environment.
(647) 695-3577 View (647) 695-3577
Photo of Victoria Russell, Registered Provisional Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Victoria Russell
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MA, CCC, MACP, ProvPsy
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2T  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who acknowledges that their life is in need of some changes. Someone who continues to make the same mistakes over due to not having any other coping mechanisms. Someone who is eager to explore their negative habits and life patterns- and someone who is willing to share/reflect on their struggles with me. My ideal client is someone who is looking for healthy coping strategies and is willing to put in the work! It is not easy- but it will be worth it, I promise you that. You are worth it!
My ideal client is someone who acknowledges that their life is in need of some changes. Someone who continues to make the same mistakes over due to not having any other coping mechanisms. Someone who is eager to explore their negative habits and life patterns- and someone who is willing to share/reflect on their struggles with me. My ideal client is someone who is looking for healthy coping strategies and is willing to put in the work! It is not easy- but it will be worth it, I promise you that. You are worth it!
(833) 878-9040 View (833) 878-9040
Photo of Labiba Majeed, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Labiba Majeed
Psychologist, MACP, RPsych
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3G
I started my practice to create a space that is healing, safe, and accepting to help you become more resilient, empowered, and content. Life is often difficult, confusing, and disappointing, but you are much more than your bad days, bad months or bad years. I believe that healing comes from recognizing your true self, living authentically, and balancing acceptance and change. With consistency and commitment, it is possible to break out of patterns that no longer serve a purpose. I offer a judgment-free space where I aim to support you in living the life you want, with peace and conviction. Your goals for yourself are within reach.
I started my practice to create a space that is healing, safe, and accepting to help you become more resilient, empowered, and content. Life is often difficult, confusing, and disappointing, but you are much more than your bad days, bad months or bad years. I believe that healing comes from recognizing your true self, living authentically, and balancing acceptance and change. With consistency and commitment, it is possible to break out of patterns that no longer serve a purpose. I offer a judgment-free space where I aim to support you in living the life you want, with peace and conviction. Your goals for yourself are within reach.
(587) 907-5246 View (587) 907-5246
Photo of Agnieszka Witkowska, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Agnieszka Witkowska
Psychologist, RPsych, MC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2Y
I am a Registered Psychologist with over 15 years of experience in counselling. I specialize in clinical psychology. I work with individuals: adults and adolescents, and with couples. I can help you to feel better, to increase your self-esteem and to heal from past experiences. If you experienced trauma, abuse, if you have been struggling with depression, anxiety for a long time call me to schedule an appointment. I will help you to experience well-being, to learn and implement new skills and to see your life differently. I offer different approaches to therapy such as: ACT, CBT-Mindfilness, Psychodynamic, Gottman, Emotion-Focused.
I am a Registered Psychologist with over 15 years of experience in counselling. I specialize in clinical psychology. I work with individuals: adults and adolescents, and with couples. I can help you to feel better, to increase your self-esteem and to heal from past experiences. If you experienced trauma, abuse, if you have been struggling with depression, anxiety for a long time call me to schedule an appointment. I will help you to experience well-being, to learn and implement new skills and to see your life differently. I offer different approaches to therapy such as: ACT, CBT-Mindfilness, Psychodynamic, Gottman, Emotion-Focused.
(866) 316-6703 View (866) 316-6703
Photo of Strength Counselling Services, Registered Psychotherapist in Calgary, AB
Strength Counselling Services
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2P  (Online Only)
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
(587) 847-2885 View (587) 847-2885
Photo of Madrona Wellness Centre, Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Madrona Wellness Centre
Counsellor, MPCC, MTC, MTV, RCS
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2Y  (Online Only)
Megan is a Master Practitioner of Clinical Counselling (MPCC), a Registered Clinical Supervisor (RCS), and a Master Therapeutic Counsellor (MTC) with 28 years of experience. Megan also certified as: CCPCPR, RPC, & RTC. Megan takes a compassionate approach to therapy & healing the whole person. She helps clients dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, grief, addictions, eating disorders, relationship issues, trauma, betrayal, abuse. Megan works with co-occurring disorders that can impact client goals. At the client’s pace, the embedded causes are explored while moving gently through the presenting problem.
Megan is a Master Practitioner of Clinical Counselling (MPCC), a Registered Clinical Supervisor (RCS), and a Master Therapeutic Counsellor (MTC) with 28 years of experience. Megan also certified as: CCPCPR, RPC, & RTC. Megan takes a compassionate approach to therapy & healing the whole person. She helps clients dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, grief, addictions, eating disorders, relationship issues, trauma, betrayal, abuse. Megan works with co-occurring disorders that can impact client goals. At the client’s pace, the embedded causes are explored while moving gently through the presenting problem.
(587) 872-7044 View (587) 872-7044
Photo of Tiffany Petite, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Calgary, AB
Tiffany Petite
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3E
"Your spark can become a flame and change everything" Hi, I'm Tiffany Petite. I am an evidence based - practitioner who has extensive training and experience in counselling. Have you been stuck in a rut that you can’t get out of? The more you procrastinate the harder it is to achieve your goal to the point you start questioning yourself. This leads to self judgement, shame and blame. Change starts with a single point of action. If things are not going as planned, you are shifting the tide today. I would like to help you facilitate the change you are looking for.
"Your spark can become a flame and change everything" Hi, I'm Tiffany Petite. I am an evidence based - practitioner who has extensive training and experience in counselling. Have you been stuck in a rut that you can’t get out of? The more you procrastinate the harder it is to achieve your goal to the point you start questioning yourself. This leads to self judgement, shame and blame. Change starts with a single point of action. If things are not going as planned, you are shifting the tide today. I would like to help you facilitate the change you are looking for.
(587) 856-8369 View (587) 856-8369
Photo of Jodie Cossette, Registered Provisional Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Jodie Cossette
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MACP, BSc, Psych
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3H
Accepting new clients, veterans and first responders welcome! I am a Provisional Registered Psychologist in Alberta P7592, with over 25 years of counselling experience, supporting adolescents, adults and families struggling with complex behavioural and mental health concerns. It has been an honour supporting, and witnessing transformative changes in both individuals, and collective systems; within the context of public health care, corporate settings, and private practice. I believe that symptoms often result from the accumulation of unresolved trauma and complex adverse life experiences. Healing is possible!
Accepting new clients, veterans and first responders welcome! I am a Provisional Registered Psychologist in Alberta P7592, with over 25 years of counselling experience, supporting adolescents, adults and families struggling with complex behavioural and mental health concerns. It has been an honour supporting, and witnessing transformative changes in both individuals, and collective systems; within the context of public health care, corporate settings, and private practice. I believe that symptoms often result from the accumulation of unresolved trauma and complex adverse life experiences. Healing is possible!
(825) 252-5686 View (825) 252-5686
Photo of Stephen Lee Roberts, Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Stephen Lee Roberts
Counsellor, MPCC-S
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2P
Have you experienced trauma that is negatively impacting your daily life? Are you experiencing performance anxiety, blocks, slumps, Focal Dystonia and/or want to expand performance/creativity? Do you have behaviors associated with craving, temporary relief, and long-term negative consequences that you are unable to stop? Brainspotting locates, targets, processes, and releases trauma in the brain and body, expanding performance and creativity, from the source.
Have you experienced trauma that is negatively impacting your daily life? Are you experiencing performance anxiety, blocks, slumps, Focal Dystonia and/or want to expand performance/creativity? Do you have behaviors associated with craving, temporary relief, and long-term negative consequences that you are unable to stop? Brainspotting locates, targets, processes, and releases trauma in the brain and body, expanding performance and creativity, from the source.
(587) 324-2166 View (587) 324-2166
Photo of Divine Freedom Counselors and Narcotic Therapy in Calgary, AB
Divine Freedom Counselors and Narcotic Therapy
MA, PSYCH
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3K
My approach to counselling is for families and individuals to have successful relationships, creating the life they want to live that is full of love, joy and peace. I believe that each person has the ability to create changes within themselves, focusing on the ''NOW'' with strategies that include healing from the ''THEN.'' This will help build towards planning a desired future. For every question there is an answer, and to every problem a solution. I maintain confidentiality, hope and trust. I am here to help you move forward.
My approach to counselling is for families and individuals to have successful relationships, creating the life they want to live that is full of love, joy and peace. I believe that each person has the ability to create changes within themselves, focusing on the ''NOW'' with strategies that include healing from the ''THEN.'' This will help build towards planning a desired future. For every question there is an answer, and to every problem a solution. I maintain confidentiality, hope and trust. I am here to help you move forward.
(403) 703-6342 View (403) 703-6342
Photo of Holding Hearts Psychotherapy and Counselling, Registered Psychotherapist in Calgary, AB
Holding Hearts Psychotherapy and Counselling
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CAMFT, MDiv, DCPprog, CCPA
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2X
Finding the right therapist is as important as getting the right help. In the process of seeking who you would prefer to work with, we offer a free 15 minute consultation over the phone. If you decide to make an appointment, the first session has no strings attached. We will go through what the concerns are, some goals, and expectations (if any), and you can decide whether you are ready for us to continue with further sessions. Collaboration is essential in this process of finding a path to your healing. Take the next step and give us a call to see if we can work together. Our office hours are M-F 9am-8pm and Saturdays 10am-5pm.
Finding the right therapist is as important as getting the right help. In the process of seeking who you would prefer to work with, we offer a free 15 minute consultation over the phone. If you decide to make an appointment, the first session has no strings attached. We will go through what the concerns are, some goals, and expectations (if any), and you can decide whether you are ready for us to continue with further sessions. Collaboration is essential in this process of finding a path to your healing. Take the next step and give us a call to see if we can work together. Our office hours are M-F 9am-8pm and Saturdays 10am-5pm.
(647) 691-0498 View (647) 691-0498
Photo of Fisher Peak Counselling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Calgary, AB
Fisher Peak Counselling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T1X
I am an EMDR trained, general practitioner who works with individuals, youth, families, couples, and staff teams. I assist clients to work through a variety of life events and mental health concerns including depression, anxiety, substance use, grief, conflict resolution, communication, gender identity and sexual orientation, trauma, employment, education, critical incident stress debriefing and more.
I am an EMDR trained, general practitioner who works with individuals, youth, families, couples, and staff teams. I assist clients to work through a variety of life events and mental health concerns including depression, anxiety, substance use, grief, conflict resolution, communication, gender identity and sexual orientation, trauma, employment, education, critical incident stress debriefing and more.
(778) 762-3590 View (778) 762-3590
Photo of Maia Mazanishvili, Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Maia Mazanishvili
Counsellor, BA, MSc, CCC
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2P
Not accepting new clients
BA in Psychology and MSc in Psychological diagnostics and Counseling, (Psychotherapist, with 15 years of professional and voluntary experience in the field of Psychodiagnostics Psychotherapy and Counseling, specializing in personality disorders, addictions, PTSD, trauma, depression, anxiety, chronic illness and pain management, corrections and rehabilitation, using CBT, DBT, Applied Behavioral Analysis, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Narrative psychotherapy, Attachment therapy, Motivational interviewing, play therapy, Behavioral Techniques, and Multidisciplinary Approach.
BA in Psychology and MSc in Psychological diagnostics and Counseling, (Psychotherapist, with 15 years of professional and voluntary experience in the field of Psychodiagnostics Psychotherapy and Counseling, specializing in personality disorders, addictions, PTSD, trauma, depression, anxiety, chronic illness and pain management, corrections and rehabilitation, using CBT, DBT, Applied Behavioral Analysis, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Narrative psychotherapy, Attachment therapy, Motivational interviewing, play therapy, Behavioral Techniques, and Multidisciplinary Approach.
(587) 802-1812 View (587) 802-1812

Online Therapists

Photo of Summit Psychology, Pre-Licensed Professional in Calgary, AB
Summit Psychology
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSc
Verified Verified
Innisfail, AB T4G
Chances are good if you're reading this profile, you're looking for some professional help. Whether it be individual counselling to help you through a major depressive episode, family therapy to defuse tension and endless fighting, or a consultation about your anxious toddler, depressed adolescent or teenager's self-harming behaviour, Carla's down-to-earth approach to therapy will have you comfortable in minutes and moving forward in a solution focused direction that YOU (not Carla) want to go.
Chances are good if you're reading this profile, you're looking for some professional help. Whether it be individual counselling to help you through a major depressive episode, family therapy to defuse tension and endless fighting, or a consultation about your anxious toddler, depressed adolescent or teenager's self-harming behaviour, Carla's down-to-earth approach to therapy will have you comfortable in minutes and moving forward in a solution focused direction that YOU (not Carla) want to go.
(855) 716-2891 View (855) 716-2891
Photo of Clark Counselling Services Ltd, Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Clark Counselling Services Ltd
Counsellor, MPCC, RPC, CDW
Not Verified Not Verified
Red Deer, AB T4N
My practice comes from a educational and personal experience with Addictions, Family Dysfunction, Suicide, the Manic Depressive in the Family, Personal Awareness, and Recovery.
Welcome my name is Ron. I will give you a safe, relaxing place with absolute Confidentiality. I have worked in many areas of the counselling field including Program Director of a Treatment Centre, Group Therapist, Family and Codependency Therapist. I have worked as a Teacher having 25 students learning to work in the Addiction field with Dumont Technical Institute. I bring my 28 plus years of experience as a Counsellor and my personal experiences with recovery from addictions, suicide, grief, relationship issues, stress and anxiety, co-dependency, family of origin issues, emotional issues, post traumatic stress disorder.
My practice comes from a educational and personal experience with Addictions, Family Dysfunction, Suicide, the Manic Depressive in the Family, Personal Awareness, and Recovery.
Welcome my name is Ron. I will give you a safe, relaxing place with absolute Confidentiality. I have worked in many areas of the counselling field including Program Director of a Treatment Centre, Group Therapist, Family and Codependency Therapist. I have worked as a Teacher having 25 students learning to work in the Addiction field with Dumont Technical Institute. I bring my 28 plus years of experience as a Counsellor and my personal experiences with recovery from addictions, suicide, grief, relationship issues, stress and anxiety, co-dependency, family of origin issues, emotional issues, post traumatic stress disorder.
(844) 839-8416 View (844) 839-8416
Photo of Jennifer Keough, Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Jennifer Keough
Counsellor, MA, RSW, CCC
Verified Verified
Olds, AB T4H  (Online Only)
Taking those first steps can be difficult. I am here to help make the process safe and accessible and to ensure individuals and couples find the best fit for their needs. NOW Offering: Marriage and Family Counselling and individual sessions for those struggling with dating or recovering from a difficult relationship. ALSO Offering: Individual Sessions for people experiencing issues in the workplace and individual sessions specifically for mental health professional struggling professionally and personally.
Taking those first steps can be difficult. I am here to help make the process safe and accessible and to ensure individuals and couples find the best fit for their needs. NOW Offering: Marriage and Family Counselling and individual sessions for those struggling with dating or recovering from a difficult relationship. ALSO Offering: Individual Sessions for people experiencing issues in the workplace and individual sessions specifically for mental health professional struggling professionally and personally.
(403) 507-5650 View (403) 507-5650

See more therapy options for Calgary

Family Therapy Counsellors

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.