Photo of Susan Shores Psychological Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Calgary, AB
Susan Shores Psychological Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2H
We live amidst great challenges & complexity. More and more people are reaching out for the first time. A QUIET space awaits you. I'm told I have a FIERCE spirit & a GENTLE presence. I am both direct & compassionate. I believe in the inherent values & rights of ALL regardless of who you are; and where you've travelled. YOU are the EXPERT in your LIFE! I bring 25+ years of experience specializing in mental health, neuro-diversity, concussion, trauma, life transitions, professional and family stressors, relationships & more. Together we can navigate a clearer and more sustainable path to joy, meaning, purpose, and significant change.
We live amidst great challenges & complexity. More and more people are reaching out for the first time. A QUIET space awaits you. I'm told I have a FIERCE spirit & a GENTLE presence. I am both direct & compassionate. I believe in the inherent values & rights of ALL regardless of who you are; and where you've travelled. YOU are the EXPERT in your LIFE! I bring 25+ years of experience specializing in mental health, neuro-diversity, concussion, trauma, life transitions, professional and family stressors, relationships & more. Together we can navigate a clearer and more sustainable path to joy, meaning, purpose, and significant change.
(587) 802-3791 View (587) 802-3791
Photo of Priscilla Lee @ Innerlogue Therapy, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Priscilla Lee @ Innerlogue Therapy
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2N
Hello! I am a Registered Psychologist and the owner of Innerlogue Therapy & Psychology. Our practice offers counseling and intervention to children, teenagers, adults, and families in Calgary and online throughout Alberta. As someone who empathizes deeply with women who are struggling with the feeling of being pulled in different directions from family, work, and personal goals, I work through a trauma-informed lens and provide a safe space for my clients to discover the best version of themselves. Let me be a part of your journey of healing, self-discovery, and self-fulfillment.
Hello! I am a Registered Psychologist and the owner of Innerlogue Therapy & Psychology. Our practice offers counseling and intervention to children, teenagers, adults, and families in Calgary and online throughout Alberta. As someone who empathizes deeply with women who are struggling with the feeling of being pulled in different directions from family, work, and personal goals, I work through a trauma-informed lens and provide a safe space for my clients to discover the best version of themselves. Let me be a part of your journey of healing, self-discovery, and self-fulfillment.
(587) 803-1972 View (587) 803-1972
Photo of Emily Gauthier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Calgary, AB
Emily Gauthier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RCSW
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2M
Starting therapy is often the hardest part, my priority will be to make it a valuable experience for you and/or your family.
I am Emily. I am a mental health therapist specializing in trauma, attachment, grief & loss, and child development. I provide individual and relationship focused psychological services with children, youth & adults. My clinical work with kiddos includes a fun and inviting space to promote creative expression, emotional awareness, self regulation/co-regulation, mindfulness, healing and growth. I enjoy working with caregivers in parent counselling to help strengthen responsive parenting approaches, along with integrating somatic psychotherapy practices focused on stress management and strengthening parent capacity and confidence.
Starting therapy is often the hardest part, my priority will be to make it a valuable experience for you and/or your family.
I am Emily. I am a mental health therapist specializing in trauma, attachment, grief & loss, and child development. I provide individual and relationship focused psychological services with children, youth & adults. My clinical work with kiddos includes a fun and inviting space to promote creative expression, emotional awareness, self regulation/co-regulation, mindfulness, healing and growth. I enjoy working with caregivers in parent counselling to help strengthen responsive parenting approaches, along with integrating somatic psychotherapy practices focused on stress management and strengthening parent capacity and confidence.
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Photo of Sara Ludu, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Sara Ludu
Psychologist, RPsych
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3H
I want to help you tap into your innate capacity to heal - help you become open to experience, learn to trust yourself, develop an internal evaluation of yourself and have a willingness to continue growing. In private practice, I provide individual, family, marital/relationship, and group counselling. I treat people across the lifespan including children, adolescents (e.g. navigating identity), adults (e.g. working through relationships, parenting, and career issues), and the elderly (grief and life transitions).
I want to help you tap into your innate capacity to heal - help you become open to experience, learn to trust yourself, develop an internal evaluation of yourself and have a willingness to continue growing. In private practice, I provide individual, family, marital/relationship, and group counselling. I treat people across the lifespan including children, adolescents (e.g. navigating identity), adults (e.g. working through relationships, parenting, and career issues), and the elderly (grief and life transitions).
(587) 317-6482 View (587) 317-6482
Photo of Lisa Boag-Guidi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Calgary, AB
Lisa Boag-Guidi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RCSW, RMFT-SQ
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3E
Waitlist for new clients
Deeper emotional shifts and new meanings are created by integrating various trauma and body centered practices, including EMDR, Expressive Arts, and Internal Family Systems.
Are you tired of dealing with life's challenges and feeling stuck or overwhelmed, unsure how to move forward? Do you want to explore new understanding about your experiences, and the experiences you share with others to create changes you desire? Are you looking for supervision of your relational practice? Our collaborative relationship will allow you to achieve these goals at a pace you feel comfortable with. Through examining your inner world, your life experiences, and your relationships with others, we can uncover inherent strengths, understanding, and connections, allowing for new and enriched ways of being to take shape.
Deeper emotional shifts and new meanings are created by integrating various trauma and body centered practices, including EMDR, Expressive Arts, and Internal Family Systems.
Are you tired of dealing with life's challenges and feeling stuck or overwhelmed, unsure how to move forward? Do you want to explore new understanding about your experiences, and the experiences you share with others to create changes you desire? Are you looking for supervision of your relational practice? Our collaborative relationship will allow you to achieve these goals at a pace you feel comfortable with. Through examining your inner world, your life experiences, and your relationships with others, we can uncover inherent strengths, understanding, and connections, allowing for new and enriched ways of being to take shape.
(587) 803-8052 View (587) 803-8052
Photo of Jordan Burness, Registered Social Worker in Calgary, AB
Jordan Burness
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RCSW
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2R
Jordan known on social media as "the body image therapist YYC", is a Registered Clinical Social Worker in Alberta and Ontario who works with those aged 5 and up! Jordan 's enjoys working with those who are struggling with self-esteem, body image, relationship/ sex therapy concerns and eating disorders. She has been in the field of mental health since 2012 and is an experienced trauma therapist, family therapist and has expertise in working with children and young adults.
Jordan known on social media as "the body image therapist YYC", is a Registered Clinical Social Worker in Alberta and Ontario who works with those aged 5 and up! Jordan 's enjoys working with those who are struggling with self-esteem, body image, relationship/ sex therapy concerns and eating disorders. She has been in the field of mental health since 2012 and is an experienced trauma therapist, family therapist and has expertise in working with children and young adults.
(587) 847-3410 View (587) 847-3410
Photo of Brianna Matchett, Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Brianna Matchett
Counsellor, MC, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2T
I have been a counselling therapist for over half a decade, grew up in a rural community with a large family and now live in Calgary with my husband of seven years and two children.
My goal in therapy is to cultivate a space where you will feel genuinely heard and understood. I offer a comfortable space marked by empathy and acceptance, in which anyone is welcomed to voice issues and concerns. I enjoy working with youth, adolescents, couples, and families and bring a gentle and empathetic presence to each client session. I understand that you may desire to integrate spirituality into your therapy, and am willing to use my Christian faith, and other spiritual resources to guide you through difficulty and challenge.
I have been a counselling therapist for over half a decade, grew up in a rural community with a large family and now live in Calgary with my husband of seven years and two children.
My goal in therapy is to cultivate a space where you will feel genuinely heard and understood. I offer a comfortable space marked by empathy and acceptance, in which anyone is welcomed to voice issues and concerns. I enjoy working with youth, adolescents, couples, and families and bring a gentle and empathetic presence to each client session. I understand that you may desire to integrate spirituality into your therapy, and am willing to use my Christian faith, and other spiritual resources to guide you through difficulty and challenge.
(587) 804-3645 View (587) 804-3645
Photo of Joanne Ginter, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Joanne Ginter
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2P
I believe each individaul, couple and family has the wisdom to create one's own unique life story.
I have been a registered psychologist for nearly 40 years. I have been part of the healing journeys for individuals of all ages (child to seniors), couples and families. I don't know if I have an ideal client other than someone who is open to sharing the story of their life and developing resiliency in some way. With children and youth, they have a special place given their vulnerability and yet wonderful creativity.
I believe each individaul, couple and family has the wisdom to create one's own unique life story.
I have been a registered psychologist for nearly 40 years. I have been part of the healing journeys for individuals of all ages (child to seniors), couples and families. I don't know if I have an ideal client other than someone who is open to sharing the story of their life and developing resiliency in some way. With children and youth, they have a special place given their vulnerability and yet wonderful creativity.
(587) 847-3091 View (587) 847-3091
Photo of C. Alecia White, Registered Social Worker in Calgary, AB
C. Alecia White
Registered Social Worker, BA, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2P  (Online Only)
Using an intersectional lens, I support with various challenges including life transitions, codependency, racialized trauma, gender/sexuality concerns, family/relationship conflict and communication difficulties.
For the last 16 years, I have worked as a Social Worker with countless communities, including racialized communities, sexual violence survivors, homeless folx, women, youth and families, addictions, and MVA survivors. I currently work for the University of Toronto as a Student Mental Health and Wellness Program Manager, a role focused on supporting and developing student mental health initiatives. Armed with both experience and understanding, I work to build trust and carefully tailored care for the communities I support; primarily specializing in trauma, mood, anxiety, and adjustment concerns.
Using an intersectional lens, I support with various challenges including life transitions, codependency, racialized trauma, gender/sexuality concerns, family/relationship conflict and communication difficulties.
For the last 16 years, I have worked as a Social Worker with countless communities, including racialized communities, sexual violence survivors, homeless folx, women, youth and families, addictions, and MVA survivors. I currently work for the University of Toronto as a Student Mental Health and Wellness Program Manager, a role focused on supporting and developing student mental health initiatives. Armed with both experience and understanding, I work to build trust and carefully tailored care for the communities I support; primarily specializing in trauma, mood, anxiety, and adjustment concerns.
(647) 370-8145 View (647) 370-8145
Photo of Child Inspired Psychology Group, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Child Inspired Psychology Group
Psychologist, PhD, R, Psyc
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3A
At Child Inspired, we support the entire family in their wellness journey. We are child-centred and family friendly. We support clients with symptoms of anxiety, depression, ASD, disordered eating, parent-child conflict, ADHD, behavior difficulties, self-harm, trauma and other child related adjustment difficulties. Specializing in child/youth engagement, providing a variety of strategic strategies to best meet the needs of your child, including play-based therapy (e.g., sandtray), trauma informed, solution focused and CBT.
At Child Inspired, we support the entire family in their wellness journey. We are child-centred and family friendly. We support clients with symptoms of anxiety, depression, ASD, disordered eating, parent-child conflict, ADHD, behavior difficulties, self-harm, trauma and other child related adjustment difficulties. Specializing in child/youth engagement, providing a variety of strategic strategies to best meet the needs of your child, including play-based therapy (e.g., sandtray), trauma informed, solution focused and CBT.
(587) 816-8257 View (587) 816-8257
Photo of Marie Martin, Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Marie Martin
Counsellor, BMsc, RPC, NLP
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T1Y
Counselling, Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Conversational Intelligence & other modalities. Therapy for trauma, abuse, addictive behaviours, PTSD. Excellence Communication Skills Counselling to be the best version and have the best version of your relationships, personal, business & family. Marie Martin is the author of modality and book Metatron's Code available on Amazon. (Additional certificates: Master NLP (Neuro-Linguistic Programming) Practitioner & Certified Communications Specialist Certified Hypnosis Practitioner & Quantum, BrainSpotting, Conversational Intelligence Neuroscience)
Counselling, Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Conversational Intelligence & other modalities. Therapy for trauma, abuse, addictive behaviours, PTSD. Excellence Communication Skills Counselling to be the best version and have the best version of your relationships, personal, business & family. Marie Martin is the author of modality and book Metatron's Code available on Amazon. (Additional certificates: Master NLP (Neuro-Linguistic Programming) Practitioner & Certified Communications Specialist Certified Hypnosis Practitioner & Quantum, BrainSpotting, Conversational Intelligence Neuroscience)
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Photo of Shelley E Ugyan, Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Shelley E Ugyan
Counsellor, MC, BAEd
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2P  (Online Only)
Shelley Ugyan, RRC, is an acclaimed author, speaker and has over 15 years experience in mental and holistic health. Her evidence based tools including Cognitive Behavioural reconditioning as well as psychodynamic, relational and hypnosis approaches set you on a path to direct healing, starting immediately after the first 90 minute session. Her approach is genuine, empowering and powerful. Healing is probable, and happens as a result of conscious daily actions and unconscious dynamics that shift as a result of this process. Shelley loves to work with individuals who are ready and willing to change their thinking to heal for life.
Shelley Ugyan, RRC, is an acclaimed author, speaker and has over 15 years experience in mental and holistic health. Her evidence based tools including Cognitive Behavioural reconditioning as well as psychodynamic, relational and hypnosis approaches set you on a path to direct healing, starting immediately after the first 90 minute session. Her approach is genuine, empowering and powerful. Healing is probable, and happens as a result of conscious daily actions and unconscious dynamics that shift as a result of this process. Shelley loves to work with individuals who are ready and willing to change their thinking to heal for life.
(604) 714-5346 View (604) 714-5346
Photo of Sharon M. Slate, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Sharon M. Slate
Psychologist, MA, RPsych
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2R
Currently Accepting New Clients. Over the past 18 years, my approach has explored connecting the mind, body, and spirit and so I utilize various techniques from these diverse traditions. I work to provide a welcoming space to explore the uniqueness of this human journey and marvel at the wisdom of our bodies to find healing despite difficult traumas and challenges. I bridge the world of psychology and spirituality to create curiosity about the interplay between these worlds and how we fit in the middle. I provide preparation and integration support for clients participating in Psychedelic Therapies.
Currently Accepting New Clients. Over the past 18 years, my approach has explored connecting the mind, body, and spirit and so I utilize various techniques from these diverse traditions. I work to provide a welcoming space to explore the uniqueness of this human journey and marvel at the wisdom of our bodies to find healing despite difficult traumas and challenges. I bridge the world of psychology and spirituality to create curiosity about the interplay between these worlds and how we fit in the middle. I provide preparation and integration support for clients participating in Psychedelic Therapies.
(403) 588-6678 View (403) 588-6678
Photo of Calgary Institute of Counselling, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Calgary Institute of Counselling
Psychologist, BA, MA , RPsych
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2Z
Are you wanting to feel happier in life? Are you wanting more satisfaction and connection in your relationship? Is your child struggling and you are worried about how to help them feel better? This is the place for you. The Calgary Institute of Counselling is an agency that is committed to ensuring exceptional care for all clients. Specialized training happens with all counsellors at the agency to ensure a high level of quality care.
Are you wanting to feel happier in life? Are you wanting more satisfaction and connection in your relationship? Is your child struggling and you are worried about how to help them feel better? This is the place for you. The Calgary Institute of Counselling is an agency that is committed to ensuring exceptional care for all clients. Specialized training happens with all counsellors at the agency to ensure a high level of quality care.
(587) 417-2776 View (587) 417-2776
Photo of Madrona Wellness Centre, Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Madrona Wellness Centre
Counsellor, MPCC, MTC, MTV, RCS
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2Y  (Online Only)
Megan is a Master Practitioner of Clinical Counselling (MPCC), a Registered Clinical Supervisor (RCS), and a Master Therapeutic Counsellor (MTC) with 28 years of experience. Megan also certified as: CCPCPR, RPC, & RTC. Megan takes a compassionate approach to therapy & healing the whole person. She helps clients dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, grief, addictions, eating disorders, relationship issues, trauma, betrayal, abuse. Megan works with co-occurring disorders that can impact client goals. At the client’s pace, the embedded causes are explored while moving gently through the presenting problem.
Megan is a Master Practitioner of Clinical Counselling (MPCC), a Registered Clinical Supervisor (RCS), and a Master Therapeutic Counsellor (MTC) with 28 years of experience. Megan also certified as: CCPCPR, RPC, & RTC. Megan takes a compassionate approach to therapy & healing the whole person. She helps clients dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, grief, addictions, eating disorders, relationship issues, trauma, betrayal, abuse. Megan works with co-occurring disorders that can impact client goals. At the client’s pace, the embedded causes are explored while moving gently through the presenting problem.
(587) 872-7044 View (587) 872-7044
Photo of Master’s Counselling Services, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Master’s Counselling Services
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2H
At Master's Counnseling, our counsellors bring genuine compassion and care to their practice, in order to help you flourish, in whatever stage of life you find yourself in. For over 20 years, the Masters Counselling team has created a safe place for you to process your thoughts, explore your feelings and release you into your full potential.
At Master's Counnseling, our counsellors bring genuine compassion and care to their practice, in order to help you flourish, in whatever stage of life you find yourself in. For over 20 years, the Masters Counselling team has created a safe place for you to process your thoughts, explore your feelings and release you into your full potential.
(587) 841-0996 View (587) 841-0996
Photo of Meg Hasek-Watt, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Meg Hasek-Watt
Psychologist, RPsych, MC, MA
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2P
Offering daytime and evening appointments in downtown Calgary or Virtually through telehealth and online methods. The focus of my practice includes: Anxiety, Trauma (including PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other Trauma-related conditions), Bereavement, Grief & Loss, Phobias, Sex & Sexuality, Chronic Pain & Chronic Illness, & coping with life stressors, stages of change, & identity transitions e.g. illness onset, retirement, new marriage, divorce, career changes/job loss, sexuality & ever important, coping and COVID-19. I am also offering Assessment Services (e.g. Psychoeducational, Mental Health, Personality, ADHD).
Offering daytime and evening appointments in downtown Calgary or Virtually through telehealth and online methods. The focus of my practice includes: Anxiety, Trauma (including PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other Trauma-related conditions), Bereavement, Grief & Loss, Phobias, Sex & Sexuality, Chronic Pain & Chronic Illness, & coping with life stressors, stages of change, & identity transitions e.g. illness onset, retirement, new marriage, divorce, career changes/job loss, sexuality & ever important, coping and COVID-19. I am also offering Assessment Services (e.g. Psychoeducational, Mental Health, Personality, ADHD).
(587) 851-5797 View (587) 851-5797
Photo of Riverwest Therapy Collective, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Riverwest Therapy Collective
Psychologist, R Psych, MC, MA
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2P
Hello! We are Riverwest Therapy Collective, a radtastic group of Psychologists, Psychotherapists, Certified Counsellors & Social Workers in private practice offering therapy & assessment services for our clients. We specialize in Trauma, Anxiety, Grief/Loss, Identity, Chronic pain/Chronic illness, Personal Injury claims, WCB claims, end of life/death/dying care, Sex and Relationships, Major Life Transitions (e.g. divorce, marriage), Infertility/Pregnancy Loss, Child Loss, & Assessment including ADHD, Learning, PsychoEducational Assessments, Autism Assessment, Gifted/School Admissions, and Return to Work/Personal Injury.
Hello! We are Riverwest Therapy Collective, a radtastic group of Psychologists, Psychotherapists, Certified Counsellors & Social Workers in private practice offering therapy & assessment services for our clients. We specialize in Trauma, Anxiety, Grief/Loss, Identity, Chronic pain/Chronic illness, Personal Injury claims, WCB claims, end of life/death/dying care, Sex and Relationships, Major Life Transitions (e.g. divorce, marriage), Infertility/Pregnancy Loss, Child Loss, & Assessment including ADHD, Learning, PsychoEducational Assessments, Autism Assessment, Gifted/School Admissions, and Return to Work/Personal Injury.
(587) 856-5092 View (587) 856-5092
Photo of Strength Counselling Services, Registered Psychotherapist in Calgary, AB
Strength Counselling Services
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, RCC, CCC, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2P  (Online Only)
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
We are an online counselling agency so do not provide services in person. Strength Counselling Services has licensed, experienced therapists who use evidence-based practices, prioritize client needs, and maintain ethical standards. We offer culturally sensitive, affordable services in a supportive environment. We offer a comprehensive goals assessment, regularly assess progress, and collaborate with other professionals. We provide transparency in our fees and for thirteen years now have held a positive reputation of trust, and client success. Lastly, ensuring our clients' privacy and confidentiality are of utmost importance to us.
(587) 847-2885 View (587) 847-2885
Photo of Christine Molohon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Calgary, AB
Christine Molohon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3E
My goal as your counsellor is to provide a safe, comfortable and caring environment for you to explore your concerns and make the lasting and positive change you desire. I believe in the capacity for each of us to grow into the person we aspire to be and that we have the ability to co create the relationships we long to have. Sometimes we just need help along the way. My counselling approach is specific to your needs. Most often I will work from a developmental, attachment, and trauma informed lens utilizing emotion focused and cognitive behavioral therapies with mindfulness practices.
My goal as your counsellor is to provide a safe, comfortable and caring environment for you to explore your concerns and make the lasting and positive change you desire. I believe in the capacity for each of us to grow into the person we aspire to be and that we have the ability to co create the relationships we long to have. Sometimes we just need help along the way. My counselling approach is specific to your needs. Most often I will work from a developmental, attachment, and trauma informed lens utilizing emotion focused and cognitive behavioral therapies with mindfulness practices.
(825) 253-5762 View (825) 253-5762

See more therapy options for Calgary

Family Therapy Counsellors

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.