Therapists in E6L

Photo of Arthi Bala - Dancing Goat Therapy Farm, Registered Psychotherapist, MSc
Dancing Goat Therapy Farm
Registered Psychotherapist, MSc
1 Endorsed
Burtts Corner, NB E6L
I understand the pain, the grief, and the overwhelm you may feel. Like you, I’ve faced loss, shame, and challenges, losing a parent, struggling with my body, and raising children in a chaotic world. I found healing by reconnecting with nature and the healing power of animals, and I invite you into that same peaceful space. You don’t have to navigate this journey alone. Together, we’ll create a safe space for you to process past wounds, reconnect with your body and emotions, and move toward a life of peace, healing, and self-acceptance.
I understand the pain, the grief, and the overwhelm you may feel. Like you, I’ve faced loss, shame, and challenges, losing a parent, struggling with my body, and raising children in a chaotic world. I found healing by reconnecting with nature and the healing power of animals, and I invite you into that same peaceful space. You don’t have to navigate this journey alone. Together, we’ll create a safe space for you to process past wounds, reconnect with your body and emotions, and move toward a life of peace, healing, and self-acceptance.
(506) 501-9939 View (506) 501-9939
Photo of Rebecca Pearson, Counsellor, MEd, CCC, LCT-C
Rebecca Pearson
Counsellor, MEd, CCC, LCT-C
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome - my name is Rebecca (she/her), and I'm a therapist working at Conscious Counselling & Wellness. I offer services to individuals exploring a wide range of issues, with a particular focus on complex trauma (C-PTSD), neurodivergence, attachment and childhood wounds, and self-esteem. I am passionate about assisting clients in fostering self-worth and self-compassion, & believe that everyone deserves to feel connected to themselves mentally, physically, spiritually, and emotionally, and empowered to live an authentic life.
Welcome - my name is Rebecca (she/her), and I'm a therapist working at Conscious Counselling & Wellness. I offer services to individuals exploring a wide range of issues, with a particular focus on complex trauma (C-PTSD), neurodivergence, attachment and childhood wounds, and self-esteem. I am passionate about assisting clients in fostering self-worth and self-compassion, & believe that everyone deserves to feel connected to themselves mentally, physically, spiritually, and emotionally, and empowered to live an authentic life.
(506) 908-5471 View (506) 908-5471
Photo of Arthi Bala, Registered Psychotherapist, MSc, RP
Arthi Bala
Registered Psychotherapist, MSc, RP
2 Endorsed
Online Only
You may feel stuck, disconnected, or held back by shame, trauma, or past experiences. I help clients heal intimacy struggles,emotional wounds, & body disconnection through somatic therapy, energy healing, & trauma-informed talk therapy. Sexual shame, trauma, or intimacy issues Masculine & feminine energy imbalances Emotional wounds from childhood or past relationships Body image struggles or disconnection from pleasure Patterns of self-sabotage, fear, or guilt Is your goal to break free from old conditioning, reconnect with your body, & embrace pleasure, confidence, & self-trust.I can help you move beyond limiting beliefs.
You may feel stuck, disconnected, or held back by shame, trauma, or past experiences. I help clients heal intimacy struggles,emotional wounds, & body disconnection through somatic therapy, energy healing, & trauma-informed talk therapy. Sexual shame, trauma, or intimacy issues Masculine & feminine energy imbalances Emotional wounds from childhood or past relationships Body image struggles or disconnection from pleasure Patterns of self-sabotage, fear, or guilt Is your goal to break free from old conditioning, reconnect with your body, & embrace pleasure, confidence, & self-trust.I can help you move beyond limiting beliefs.
(226) 780-6672 View (226) 780-6672
Photo of Caroline Price, Registered Social Worker, RSW, BSW, MSW
Caroline Price
Registered Social Worker, RSW, BSW, MSW
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
I’ve been working in my field for 15 years, and have been offering therapy services to school-age children and youth since 2018. I’m bilingual in French and English and my office is conveniently located on Prospect street, with a lot of free parking. Most of my experience has been working on various mental health struggles such as anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, adjustment disorders, grief and loss, emotional distress, and self-harming. I also enjoy working with families on communication, parenting, sleep hygiene, and challenges related to transitions such as separation, divorce, blended families, and military relocations.
I’ve been working in my field for 15 years, and have been offering therapy services to school-age children and youth since 2018. I’m bilingual in French and English and my office is conveniently located on Prospect street, with a lot of free parking. Most of my experience has been working on various mental health struggles such as anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, adjustment disorders, grief and loss, emotional distress, and self-harming. I also enjoy working with families on communication, parenting, sleep hygiene, and challenges related to transitions such as separation, divorce, blended families, and military relocations.
(506) 436-8725 View (506) 436-8725

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Emily Creamer, Registered Social Worker, RSW, BSW
Emily Creamer
Registered Social Worker, RSW, BSW
1 Endorsed
Fredericton, NB E3B
Ideal clients are those who may be feeling trapped in their own heads or habits. Those who may be looking to get a fresh set of eyes on their experiences. In therapy with me, you can expect the tools and support you may need to help understand your own inner workings and to then use that information to move forward.
Ideal clients are those who may be feeling trapped in their own heads or habits. Those who may be looking to get a fresh set of eyes on their experiences. In therapy with me, you can expect the tools and support you may need to help understand your own inner workings and to then use that information to move forward.
(506) 404-8090 View (506) 404-8090
Photo of Laura Friesen - Warrior's Way Psychological Services Inc., Psychologist
Remote but never distant. Warrior’s Way specializes in providing ethical and professional telepsychology services across multiple provinces and territories in Canada (all but PEI at this time!). We’re committed to delivering real services for real people: care that is accessible, compassionate, and grounded in evidence-based practice. Even as our reach expands across regions, we stay firmly rooted in the values of a small, community-based clinic—where relationships matter, and every person is seen, heard, and valued. We walk the path with you—not ahead of you, not above you. We’re your steady guide, not a faceless brand.
Remote but never distant. Warrior’s Way specializes in providing ethical and professional telepsychology services across multiple provinces and territories in Canada (all but PEI at this time!). We’re committed to delivering real services for real people: care that is accessible, compassionate, and grounded in evidence-based practice. Even as our reach expands across regions, we stay firmly rooted in the values of a small, community-based clinic—where relationships matter, and every person is seen, heard, and valued. We walk the path with you—not ahead of you, not above you. We’re your steady guide, not a faceless brand.
(867) 469-4536 View (867) 469-4536
Photo of Rochelle Ward, Counsellor, MACP, LCT, CCC
Rochelle Ward
Counsellor, MACP, LCT, CCC
Oromocto, NB E2V
I am an experienced LCT, CCC located in Oromocto NB. I provide adolescent and adult counselling and psychotherapy. Throughout my career I have had the opportunity to work alongside individuals suffering from anxiety, depression, workplace stress, relationship stress, grief, low self-esteem and disordered eating. In addition to this I have worked with many individuals in the community who have family members suffering from PTSD or trauma. Helping military spouses, family members and loved ones understand and manage what can be a stressful home life.
I am an experienced LCT, CCC located in Oromocto NB. I provide adolescent and adult counselling and psychotherapy. Throughout my career I have had the opportunity to work alongside individuals suffering from anxiety, depression, workplace stress, relationship stress, grief, low self-esteem and disordered eating. In addition to this I have worked with many individuals in the community who have family members suffering from PTSD or trauma. Helping military spouses, family members and loved ones understand and manage what can be a stressful home life.
(506) 499-8947 View (506) 499-8947
Photo of Lisa Bonadie, Counsellor, BA, MScEd, MACP
Lisa Bonadie
Counsellor, BA, MScEd, MACP
Oromocto, NB E2V
Do you have feelings of overwhelm, anxiety, depression? Have you experienced trauma or a loss? If this resonates with you, I have over 20 years experience working with people of all ages who have had a range of traumatic experiences and barriers. My career began working with children who had experienced a range of abuse and neglect, and those who had sexually offended. My work with adults also has been in relation to abuse and trauma, including domestic violence, human trafficking and abuse situations.
Do you have feelings of overwhelm, anxiety, depression? Have you experienced trauma or a loss? If this resonates with you, I have over 20 years experience working with people of all ages who have had a range of traumatic experiences and barriers. My career began working with children who had experienced a range of abuse and neglect, and those who had sexually offended. My work with adults also has been in relation to abuse and trauma, including domestic violence, human trafficking and abuse situations.
(506) 300-3827 View (506) 300-3827
Photo of Malinda Dunfield, Counsellor, RP, LCT, DipTIRP
Malinda Dunfield
Counsellor, RP, LCT, DipTIRP
Serves Area
I am an experienced Relational and Somatic Psychotherapist. My foundation is in relational talk therapy, grounded in the belief that healing happens when your story is explored in the presence of a compassionate witness. At the same time, our experiences don’t only live in our minds. Stress, trauma, and emotion are also held in the nervous system and body. I offer an integrated, mind–body approach to therapy, weaving conversation and insight with body-based practices such as Somatic Experiencing, IFS-informed parts work, and breath-based techniques. This supports deeper, more lasting change by addressing both mind and body together.
I am an experienced Relational and Somatic Psychotherapist. My foundation is in relational talk therapy, grounded in the belief that healing happens when your story is explored in the presence of a compassionate witness. At the same time, our experiences don’t only live in our minds. Stress, trauma, and emotion are also held in the nervous system and body. I offer an integrated, mind–body approach to therapy, weaving conversation and insight with body-based practices such as Somatic Experiencing, IFS-informed parts work, and breath-based techniques. This supports deeper, more lasting change by addressing both mind and body together.
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Photo of Christin Roscoe, Counsellor, BA, MACP, LCT-C
Christin Roscoe
Counsellor, BA, MACP, LCT-C
3 Endorsed
Fredericton, NB E3B
“Healing is a journey, not a destination.” Stepping into therapy requires courage. Choosing to pause, reflect, and explore the parts of ourselves that feel heavy or uncertain is rarely a straight path. It is often layered, winding, and deeply personal. I honour the bravery it takes to begin.I approach therapy from a collaborative and client-centred lens, creating a space that feels calm, grounded, and genuinely non-judgmental. I believe meaningful work happens when clients feel safe enough to show up as they are without pressure to perform, explain, or have everything figured out.
“Healing is a journey, not a destination.” Stepping into therapy requires courage. Choosing to pause, reflect, and explore the parts of ourselves that feel heavy or uncertain is rarely a straight path. It is often layered, winding, and deeply personal. I honour the bravery it takes to begin.I approach therapy from a collaborative and client-centred lens, creating a space that feels calm, grounded, and genuinely non-judgmental. I believe meaningful work happens when clients feel safe enough to show up as they are without pressure to perform, explain, or have everything figured out.
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Photo of Jessica Maclean, Registered Counselling Therapist-Candidate, MACP, LCT-C
Jessica Maclean
Registered Counselling Therapist-Candidate, MACP, LCT-C
Fredericton, NB E3A
Sometimes, life feels like being lost in a dark forest. I work with adults carrying the heavy weight of complex trauma, occupational stress, or the exhaustion of navigating a neurodivergent (ADHD/2e) mind in a neurotypical world. As a former Primary Care Paramedic, I stood beside people on their worst days. I bring that same unshakable, grounded calm to our sessions. My practice holds safe, steady space for your story. You never have to hide the messy parts of your life here. Together, we don't just explore emotions; we build a blueprint.
Sometimes, life feels like being lost in a dark forest. I work with adults carrying the heavy weight of complex trauma, occupational stress, or the exhaustion of navigating a neurodivergent (ADHD/2e) mind in a neurotypical world. As a former Primary Care Paramedic, I stood beside people on their worst days. I bring that same unshakable, grounded calm to our sessions. My practice holds safe, steady space for your story. You never have to hide the messy parts of your life here. Together, we don't just explore emotions; we build a blueprint.
(506) 282-5547 View (506) 282-5547
Photo of Mathieu Cormier, Counsellor, MEd, LCT, CCC
Mathieu Cormier
Counsellor, MEd, LCT, CCC
5 Endorsed
Fredericton, NB E3B
When anxiety, relationship stress, attention challenges, or the general “my brain is doing a lot right now” feeling starts piling up, life can get complicated fast. If your brain tends to run in a lot of directions at once, you’re not alone. I work with teens, adults, and parents who are thoughtful, capable, and often carrying more internally than people around them realize. Many are used to being the thoughtful one for others but rarely get space to sort through their own experiences. Together, we slow things down and build changes that feel doable — not like another item on your already crowded list.
When anxiety, relationship stress, attention challenges, or the general “my brain is doing a lot right now” feeling starts piling up, life can get complicated fast. If your brain tends to run in a lot of directions at once, you’re not alone. I work with teens, adults, and parents who are thoughtful, capable, and often carrying more internally than people around them realize. Many are used to being the thoughtful one for others but rarely get space to sort through their own experiences. Together, we slow things down and build changes that feel doable — not like another item on your already crowded list.
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Photo of Jenn Fredericks, Counsellor, MA Psy, CCC, LCT
Jenn Fredericks
Counsellor, MA Psy, CCC, LCT
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life is ever changing! Struggling to navigate the chaos of life? Feeling stuck in your relationship or in life? Not sure how to move forward and cope? I totally understand as I've experienced my own life chaos and lived experiences. I am here to help you feel empowered and validated to grow and live your most authentic life, ultimately making purposeful, positive life changes as you step into the life that you deserve! No matter what past life experiences you have faced, we all have the ability to live a meaningful life!
Life is ever changing! Struggling to navigate the chaos of life? Feeling stuck in your relationship or in life? Not sure how to move forward and cope? I totally understand as I've experienced my own life chaos and lived experiences. I am here to help you feel empowered and validated to grow and live your most authentic life, ultimately making purposeful, positive life changes as you step into the life that you deserve! No matter what past life experiences you have faced, we all have the ability to live a meaningful life!
(506) 503-4502 View (506) 503-4502
Photo of Ashley Rossignol, Counsellor, BA, MA, LCT
Ashley Rossignol
Counsellor, BA, MA, LCT
1 Endorsed
Fredericton, NB E3B
My approach is grounded in compassion, curiosity, and a belief that healing is not about becoming someone new, but remembering who you are beneath the noise. I tune into what lies beneath the story. My training in energy work and spiritual sensibility allow me to notice the subtle shifts in body language, tone, even silence - creating opportunity to respond in ways that foster deep safety and attunement. My practice is neurodivergent-affirming, trauma-informed, and human-first. I know what it’s like to live in a world that often misunderstands sensitivity, intuition, or intensity and how healing it can be to finally feel seen.
My approach is grounded in compassion, curiosity, and a belief that healing is not about becoming someone new, but remembering who you are beneath the noise. I tune into what lies beneath the story. My training in energy work and spiritual sensibility allow me to notice the subtle shifts in body language, tone, even silence - creating opportunity to respond in ways that foster deep safety and attunement. My practice is neurodivergent-affirming, trauma-informed, and human-first. I know what it’s like to live in a world that often misunderstands sensitivity, intuition, or intensity and how healing it can be to finally feel seen.
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Photo of Bronwyn Kierstead, Counsellor, BEd, MEd, CCC, LCT, RPT
Bronwyn Kierstead
Counsellor, BEd, MEd, CCC, LCT, RPT
Serves Area
I offer a warm and caring environment. I practice with a trauma-informed lens in my work with children, families, and now adults as well. With a background in teaching and in my current role as a school counsellor, I have extensive experience supporting people of all ages through life’s challenges.
I offer a warm and caring environment. I practice with a trauma-informed lens in my work with children, families, and now adults as well. With a background in teaching and in my current role as a school counsellor, I have extensive experience supporting people of all ages through life’s challenges.
(506) 717-6921 View (506) 717-6921
Photo of Tom Coolen, Counsellor, MA, MEd, MPC
Tom Coolen
Counsellor, MA, MEd, MPC
1 Endorsed
Fredericton, NB E3B
My area of experience and interest focuses on the emotional well being of high performance individuals in life and athletics. My wealth of practical experiences as a professional coach and teacher, supported by my educational credentials, have allowed me to assist in directing individuals to reach their goals and overcome challenges in their careers and life.
My area of experience and interest focuses on the emotional well being of high performance individuals in life and athletics. My wealth of practical experiences as a professional coach and teacher, supported by my educational credentials, have allowed me to assist in directing individuals to reach their goals and overcome challenges in their careers and life.
(506) 315-4363 View (506) 315-4363
Photo of Sherry Law, Counsellor, LCT, CCC, MEd
Sherry Law
Counsellor, LCT, CCC, MEd
Fredericton, NB E3B
My clients come from a diverse background, but what is common among them is their pain and frustration from the mounting pressures of life. My goal is to create a safe and accepting environment for my clients to explore their inner selves. I strive to create a non-judgmental space where my clients feel heard and understood. Whether it's anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship challenges, I work with my clients to develop personalized solutions that meet their needs with where they are.
My clients come from a diverse background, but what is common among them is their pain and frustration from the mounting pressures of life. My goal is to create a safe and accepting environment for my clients to explore their inner selves. I strive to create a non-judgmental space where my clients feel heard and understood. Whether it's anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship challenges, I work with my clients to develop personalized solutions that meet their needs with where they are.
(506) 436-1175 View (506) 436-1175
Photo of Katherine Richard - Prism Counselling, Counsellor, MACP, LCT, RSW, BSW
Prism Counselling
Counsellor, MACP, LCT, RSW, BSW
Fredericton, NB E3B
Nervous about starting therapy? Not sure where to begin? Feeling overwhelmed by the process? We get it. Whether you know exactly who you’d like to work with or are unsure who the best fit to suit your needs may be, we are happy to point you in the right direction. Just like you, our therapists are all unique and utilize different theoretical orientations and modalities.
Nervous about starting therapy? Not sure where to begin? Feeling overwhelmed by the process? We get it. Whether you know exactly who you’d like to work with or are unsure who the best fit to suit your needs may be, we are happy to point you in the right direction. Just like you, our therapists are all unique and utilize different theoretical orientations and modalities.
(506) 306-2762 View (506) 306-2762
Photo of Mei Huang, Counsellor, M Ed, LCT, ACPEC, CCC
Mei Huang
Counsellor, M Ed, LCT, ACPEC, CCC
Fredericton, NB E3B
Licensed Counselling Therapist & Executive Coach • Supporting High‑Performing Leaders Through Burnout, Anxiety & Life Transitions. For 18 years I’ve worked with senior leaders, mid‑career professionals, and entrepreneurs grappling with high stress, imposter syndrome, life‑stage shifts, or career pivots. I deeply believe pressure can become power—with clarity, resilience, and alignment. My typical clients are: • Corporate professionals facing burnout or leadership transitions • Executives stepping into new roles or industries • Professionals seeking greater life meaning and balance
Licensed Counselling Therapist & Executive Coach • Supporting High‑Performing Leaders Through Burnout, Anxiety & Life Transitions. For 18 years I’ve worked with senior leaders, mid‑career professionals, and entrepreneurs grappling with high stress, imposter syndrome, life‑stage shifts, or career pivots. I deeply believe pressure can become power—with clarity, resilience, and alignment. My typical clients are: • Corporate professionals facing burnout or leadership transitions • Executives stepping into new roles or industries • Professionals seeking greater life meaning and balance
(506) 497-6827 View (506) 497-6827
Photo of Maddy Renton, Counsellor, MACP, LCT-C, CCC
Maddy Renton
Counsellor, MACP, LCT-C, CCC
Fredericton, NB E3A
I love working with a variety of people and issues. I appreciate working with individuals who are ready to make positive changes in their lives and want to be part of a team. Whether your concerns are depression, anxiety, work/life balance, relationship/communication, etc., we can work together on a treatment plan that is specific to you. There is no one size fits all!
I love working with a variety of people and issues. I appreciate working with individuals who are ready to make positive changes in their lives and want to be part of a team. Whether your concerns are depression, anxiety, work/life balance, relationship/communication, etc., we can work together on a treatment plan that is specific to you. There is no one size fits all!
(506) 803-2234 View (506) 803-2234

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in E6L

< 10

Counsellors in E6L who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
75% Depression
75% Anxiety
75% Parenting
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Family Conflict
75% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Blue Cross
100% Manulife
100% TELUS Health

How Counsellors in E6L see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in E6L?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.