Therapists in E1N

Photo of Lisa Savage, Registered Social Worker, MA, RSW, BSW
Lisa Savage
Registered Social Worker, MA, RSW, BSW
1 Endorsed
Miramichi, NB E1N
Hello, I’m Lisa—a Registered Social Worker with an MA in Counselling Psychology. Life can feel overwhelming, especially when you're navigating relationship struggles, grief, low self-esteem, boundaries, or major decisions. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you’ll feel heard, validated, and supported. I believe in a holistic approach, combining empathy with practical strategies to help you heal, grow, and move forward. My approach is centered on empowerment, helping you find ways to live a more fulfilling and balanced life.
Hello, I’m Lisa—a Registered Social Worker with an MA in Counselling Psychology. Life can feel overwhelming, especially when you're navigating relationship struggles, grief, low self-esteem, boundaries, or major decisions. I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you’ll feel heard, validated, and supported. I believe in a holistic approach, combining empathy with practical strategies to help you heal, grow, and move forward. My approach is centered on empowerment, helping you find ways to live a more fulfilling and balanced life.
(506) 799-2124 View (506) 799-2124
Photo of Jenna Hill - Grey Rock Counselling and Coparenting Centre, Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Grey Rock Counselling and Coparenting Centre
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Miramichi, NB E1N
We specialize in high-conflict separation, parenting coordination, mediation, co-parenting counselling, parental alienation, and custody/ access evaluations and assessments. We've worked with hundreds of families who have struggled through the separation process to become successful co-parents. We also work with individuals or groups who have to deal with high conflict people or relationships to develop better coping and conflict resolution skills, as well as those with ADHD or late diagnosed ASD. We also provide reunification therapy for alienated children, and those resisting contact with a parent, including child welfare matters
We specialize in high-conflict separation, parenting coordination, mediation, co-parenting counselling, parental alienation, and custody/ access evaluations and assessments. We've worked with hundreds of families who have struggled through the separation process to become successful co-parents. We also work with individuals or groups who have to deal with high conflict people or relationships to develop better coping and conflict resolution skills, as well as those with ADHD or late diagnosed ASD. We also provide reunification therapy for alienated children, and those resisting contact with a parent, including child welfare matters
(506) 405-0417 View (506) 405-0417
Photo of Elizabeth Kelly, Counsellor, MEd, CCC, LCT-C
Elizabeth Kelly
Counsellor, MEd, CCC, LCT-C
Miramichi, NB E1N
Welcome to my practice, dedicated to helping children, teens and adults navigate life's obstacles with a compassionate, inquiring approach. By forming a strong, trusting relationship with my clients, I help them create meaningful changes in their lives, providing a safe space for communicating their feelings and teaching them essential skills to understand, manage, and overcome emotional and situational hurdles. Using a strengths-based approach, my goal is to empower, encourage and support clients in a safe environment so they may find their own inner strength and confidence.
Welcome to my practice, dedicated to helping children, teens and adults navigate life's obstacles with a compassionate, inquiring approach. By forming a strong, trusting relationship with my clients, I help them create meaningful changes in their lives, providing a safe space for communicating their feelings and teaching them essential skills to understand, manage, and overcome emotional and situational hurdles. Using a strengths-based approach, my goal is to empower, encourage and support clients in a safe environment so they may find their own inner strength and confidence.
(506) 497-8310 View (506) 497-8310
Photo of MacKenzie Morehouse, Counsellor, RCT-C, CCC, MA
MacKenzie Morehouse
Counsellor, RCT-C, CCC, MA
1 Endorsed
Miramichi, NB E1N
Creating strong therapeutic relationships with each of my clients is always my goal to help develop a safe, comfortable space. My focus is always on my client’s unique needs and being authentic in my approaches. Therapy isn't always easy, but it can have incredible long-term benefits. It's a privilege to be a part of that journey.
Creating strong therapeutic relationships with each of my clients is always my goal to help develop a safe, comfortable space. My focus is always on my client’s unique needs and being authentic in my approaches. Therapy isn't always easy, but it can have incredible long-term benefits. It's a privilege to be a part of that journey.
(506) 315-4419 View (506) 315-4419
Photo of Jordan Jardine, Counsellor, CCC, LCT
Jordan Jardine
Counsellor, CCC, LCT
2 Endorsed
Miramichi, NB E1N
With techniques such as CBT, Client Centred Therapy, and Solution Focused Therapy, I strive to provide clients with skills for everyday life challenges in hopes of optimizing their mental health and well-being.
With techniques such as CBT, Client Centred Therapy, and Solution Focused Therapy, I strive to provide clients with skills for everyday life challenges in hopes of optimizing their mental health and well-being.
(506) 497-8092 View (506) 497-8092
Photo of Jill Connors, Counsellor, LCT, CCC
Jill Connors
Counsellor, LCT, CCC
Miramichi, NB E1N
My approach to counselling is trauma informed. I listen and collaborate with you to understand what you need from counselling. Through our time together, I will incorporate skills from a variety of approaches to meet your unique needs.
My approach to counselling is trauma informed. I listen and collaborate with you to understand what you need from counselling. Through our time together, I will incorporate skills from a variety of approaches to meet your unique needs.
(506) 714-5910 View (506) 714-5910
Photo of Noella Marie MacMillan, Registered Social Worker, RSW
Noella Marie MacMillan
Registered Social Worker, RSW
Napan, NB E1N
If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, addictions, relationship issues with family, work or elsewhere, grief, sickness, anger management issues, stress, workplace harassment, dealing with an abusive past or present, I would love to help. Working together, I may be able to provide you with new perspectives and tools to cope with your life, heal areas in yourself, and eventually overcome these types of issues so that you can feel empowered, hopeful for your future, and better about yourself and your life.
If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, addictions, relationship issues with family, work or elsewhere, grief, sickness, anger management issues, stress, workplace harassment, dealing with an abusive past or present, I would love to help. Working together, I may be able to provide you with new perspectives and tools to cope with your life, heal areas in yourself, and eventually overcome these types of issues so that you can feel empowered, hopeful for your future, and better about yourself and your life.
(506) 701-0982 View (506) 701-0982
Photo of Emily Tardif, Counsellor, MA, BA, BTh, LCT-C
Emily Tardif
Counsellor, MA, BA, BTh, LCT-C
1 Endorsed
Miramichi, NB E1N
Have you ever been asked, “How are you doing?” and responded, “I’m doing great!” when, really, you’re struggling to get out of bed, it feels like everything is falling apart, or your mind won’t stop racing and overthinking that one conversation? Well, you aren’t alone! Many people experience anxiety, depression, grief, and a wide range of adverse life events that they often hide behind polite smiles and responses. Leigh Bardugo once wrote, "Maybe the gift of being human is that we do not give up - even when all hope is lost." Do you feel like all hope is lost? Then, let's get together, be human, and find your reason not to give up.
Have you ever been asked, “How are you doing?” and responded, “I’m doing great!” when, really, you’re struggling to get out of bed, it feels like everything is falling apart, or your mind won’t stop racing and overthinking that one conversation? Well, you aren’t alone! Many people experience anxiety, depression, grief, and a wide range of adverse life events that they often hide behind polite smiles and responses. Leigh Bardugo once wrote, "Maybe the gift of being human is that we do not give up - even when all hope is lost." Do you feel like all hope is lost? Then, let's get together, be human, and find your reason not to give up.
(506) 706-6751 View (506) 706-6751
Photo of Kevin Brideau, Counsellor, BA, MACP
Kevin Brideau
Counsellor, BA, MACP
2 Endorsed
Miramichi, NB E1N
Hello, my name is Kevin and I am a Licensed Counselling Therapist-Candidate. My passion is working with individuals and couples who are experiencing relationship issues. I bring a non-judgmental, warm, genuine, empathetic, and supportive environment when working with individuals and couples. In addition, I work as a behavioral interventionist for the school district, where I help teenagers who are struggling with anxiety, depression, and emotional issues.
Hello, my name is Kevin and I am a Licensed Counselling Therapist-Candidate. My passion is working with individuals and couples who are experiencing relationship issues. I bring a non-judgmental, warm, genuine, empathetic, and supportive environment when working with individuals and couples. In addition, I work as a behavioral interventionist for the school district, where I help teenagers who are struggling with anxiety, depression, and emotional issues.
(506) 705-2306 View (506) 705-2306
Photo of Brooklyn Krygsveld, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brooklyn Krygsveld
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Miramichi, NB E1N
I offer individual counselling sessions for teens +15 and adults. My goal is to provide a safe, non-judgemental space to explore the barriers you are facing in your life. I draw from a variety of counselling theories, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and person-centered therapy. My main areas of interests include self-esteem, anxiety, relationship issues, and childhood trauma. In working together, I aim to understand how your past experiences and unconscious thought patterns contribute to your current behaviours and provide you with the tools you need to develop healthy habits.
I offer individual counselling sessions for teens +15 and adults. My goal is to provide a safe, non-judgemental space to explore the barriers you are facing in your life. I draw from a variety of counselling theories, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and person-centered therapy. My main areas of interests include self-esteem, anxiety, relationship issues, and childhood trauma. In working together, I aim to understand how your past experiences and unconscious thought patterns contribute to your current behaviours and provide you with the tools you need to develop healthy habits.
(506) 502-7755 View (506) 502-7755
Photo of Ryan Bell, Counsellor, BA, MACP, LCT-C
Ryan Bell
Counsellor, BA, MACP, LCT-C
1 Endorsed
Miramichi, NB E1N
Hello! I'm Ryan, a licensed counselling therapist (candidate) and I offer in-person counselling to adolescents and adults in Fredericton or virtual counselling throughout NB. No matter what problems you are experiencing I want to make sure I provide a safe and open space for you, free of judgement and rooted in empathy and respect. Together, I want to build a strong therapeutic alliance and work towards your goals or simply provide you a place to discuss your problems and worries. I hope to empower you with skills and techniques to navigate through your problems and provide you a safe place to discuss the troubles in your life.
Hello! I'm Ryan, a licensed counselling therapist (candidate) and I offer in-person counselling to adolescents and adults in Fredericton or virtual counselling throughout NB. No matter what problems you are experiencing I want to make sure I provide a safe and open space for you, free of judgement and rooted in empathy and respect. Together, I want to build a strong therapeutic alliance and work towards your goals or simply provide you a place to discuss your problems and worries. I hope to empower you with skills and techniques to navigate through your problems and provide you a safe place to discuss the troubles in your life.
(506) 701-2120 View (506) 701-2120
Photo of Amélie Martin - Amelie Martin, Inner Connection Therapy & Wellness, Registered Social Worker, RSW, TSI
Amelie Martin, Inner Connection Therapy & Wellness
Registered Social Worker, RSW, TSI
1 Endorsed
Miramichi, NB E1N
Tired of struggling with anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem? Are you looking for someone who will support you without judgment? You don’t have to face these challenges alone. Let me help you tap into your strengths and guide you on your journey toward reaching your full potential and becoming the best version of yourself.
Tired of struggling with anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem? Are you looking for someone who will support you without judgment? You don’t have to face these challenges alone. Let me help you tap into your strengths and guide you on your journey toward reaching your full potential and becoming the best version of yourself.
(506) 308-0772 View (506) 308-0772
Photo of Jenna Hill, Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Jenna Hill
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
2 Endorsed
Miramichi, NB E1N
As a forensic therapist specializing in high-conflict separation, parenting coordination, mediation, co-parenting counselling, parental alienation, and custody access evaluations and assessments, I've worked with hundreds of families who have struggled through the separation process to become successful co-parents. I also work with individuals or groups who have to deal with high conflict people (You know the ones. The ones who really should be in therapy but won't go, but instead create chaos everywhere), or relationships to develop better coping and conflict resolution skills, as well as those with ADHD or late diagnosed ASD.
As a forensic therapist specializing in high-conflict separation, parenting coordination, mediation, co-parenting counselling, parental alienation, and custody access evaluations and assessments, I've worked with hundreds of families who have struggled through the separation process to become successful co-parents. I also work with individuals or groups who have to deal with high conflict people (You know the ones. The ones who really should be in therapy but won't go, but instead create chaos everywhere), or relationships to develop better coping and conflict resolution skills, as well as those with ADHD or late diagnosed ASD.
(226) 455-4036 View (226) 455-4036
Photo of Lisa Johnson Thebeau - Clear View Psychotherapy, Counsellor, MCP, LCT
Clear View Psychotherapy
Counsellor, MCP, LCT
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Meet Lisa: Your Guide to Self-Discovery and Growth. Lisa is the owner of Clear View Psychotherapy. She is a Licensed Counseling Therapist and a EMDR therapist. She is dedicated to helping individuals better understand their own patterns, empowering them to let go of what no longer serves them and live a more powerful, fulfilling life. She believes that our purpose on this beautiful planet is to find peace, calmness, and to live authentically and purposefully.
Meet Lisa: Your Guide to Self-Discovery and Growth. Lisa is the owner of Clear View Psychotherapy. She is a Licensed Counseling Therapist and a EMDR therapist. She is dedicated to helping individuals better understand their own patterns, empowering them to let go of what no longer serves them and live a more powerful, fulfilling life. She believes that our purpose on this beautiful planet is to find peace, calmness, and to live authentically and purposefully.
(506) 436-0146 View (506) 436-0146
Photo of Trudie (MacDonald)Charbonneau, Counsellor, BSc, MACP, LCT-C
Trudie (MacDonald)Charbonneau
Counsellor, BSc, MACP, LCT-C
Serves Area
It would be an honour to be part of your support system and healing. I offer counselling therapy services for children 10 and over, adults, and couples. Our work together can help you gain awareness, build on skills and coping, and work through life's challenges. With a decade of experience in professional helping and support roles, I offer personalized treatment tailored to your unique needs and goals.
It would be an honour to be part of your support system and healing. I offer counselling therapy services for children 10 and over, adults, and couples. Our work together can help you gain awareness, build on skills and coping, and work through life's challenges. With a decade of experience in professional helping and support roles, I offer personalized treatment tailored to your unique needs and goals.
(506) 526-0197 View (506) 526-0197
Photo of Ashley Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RSW
Ashley Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RSW
Serves Area
Hi I’m Ashley. I’m glad you found my page. Do you feel stuck? Have you tried traditional talk therapy with no success? You have come to the right place. I am an open minded, compassionate therapist that believes in looking at root cause. I work with a wide variety of people, and don’t like to limit myself to one speciality. However, my experience has been that I connect well with people who have experienced trauma who now are struggling with various issues such as anxiety, addiction, ADHD, depression, BPD and overall difficulty managing their emotions
Hi I’m Ashley. I’m glad you found my page. Do you feel stuck? Have you tried traditional talk therapy with no success? You have come to the right place. I am an open minded, compassionate therapist that believes in looking at root cause. I work with a wide variety of people, and don’t like to limit myself to one speciality. However, my experience has been that I connect well with people who have experienced trauma who now are struggling with various issues such as anxiety, addiction, ADHD, depression, BPD and overall difficulty managing their emotions
(506) 560-4180 View (506) 560-4180
Photo of Sharron Phillips, Counsellor, MEd, LCT, CCC RRP
Sharron Phillips
Counsellor, MEd, LCT, CCC RRP
Serves Area
I am passionate about helping people help themselves. Life is too short to be unhappy, unsure, or unfulfilled. Let me help you learn and develop better ways to handle the issues that are standing in the way of your goals, feel better about yourself as you gain knowledge and skills to understand and manage the challenges you face, become more satisfied with life as you resolve past hurts, and improve or strengthen your relations with others, overcome unhealthy patterns of feeling, thinking or behaving which prevent you from reaching your life goals.
I am passionate about helping people help themselves. Life is too short to be unhappy, unsure, or unfulfilled. Let me help you learn and develop better ways to handle the issues that are standing in the way of your goals, feel better about yourself as you gain knowledge and skills to understand and manage the challenges you face, become more satisfied with life as you resolve past hurts, and improve or strengthen your relations with others, overcome unhealthy patterns of feeling, thinking or behaving which prevent you from reaching your life goals.
(506) 306-5098 View (506) 306-5098
Photo of Anna Larmer, Registered Social Worker, RSW
Anna Larmer
Registered Social Worker, RSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
A safe space to land, come as you are and feel heard. My name is Anna and I am a trauma informed Clinical Therapist/ Clinical Social Worker. I am passionate about helping clients heal their trauma through self compassion, self discovery, safe connection and mindfulness. I am client centered and believe that each person is the expert of their own life. Most of my work experience has been with trauma survivors, couples navigating relationship challenges, family dynamics, children & youth, self esteem development, indigenous communities, eating disorder recovery and adults experiencing mental health challenges.
A safe space to land, come as you are and feel heard. My name is Anna and I am a trauma informed Clinical Therapist/ Clinical Social Worker. I am passionate about helping clients heal their trauma through self compassion, self discovery, safe connection and mindfulness. I am client centered and believe that each person is the expert of their own life. Most of my work experience has been with trauma survivors, couples navigating relationship challenges, family dynamics, children & youth, self esteem development, indigenous communities, eating disorder recovery and adults experiencing mental health challenges.
(506) 307-5769 View (506) 307-5769
Photo of Iain Dolan, Psychologist, MC
Iain Dolan
Psychologist, MC
Online Only
Looking for an adult autism assessment with an autistic psychologist? Feeling dismissed by people who don’t understand medical trauma or how hard it is to stop masking? You have the right to feel accepted, heard, and believed—even during an assessment! I was “late-diagnosed” and understand how relieving a diagnosis can be after decades of feeling misunderstood and exhausted. My assessments are thorough and the options were entirely designed by autistic people, who I routinely work with to refine things. You can do the entire assessment from home and take the time you need. Do a FREE self-screen on my site here: www.ndpsych.com
Looking for an adult autism assessment with an autistic psychologist? Feeling dismissed by people who don’t understand medical trauma or how hard it is to stop masking? You have the right to feel accepted, heard, and believed—even during an assessment! I was “late-diagnosed” and understand how relieving a diagnosis can be after decades of feeling misunderstood and exhausted. My assessments are thorough and the options were entirely designed by autistic people, who I routinely work with to refine things. You can do the entire assessment from home and take the time you need. Do a FREE self-screen on my site here: www.ndpsych.com
(403) 912-5924 View (403) 912-5924
Photo of Ashley Broderick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Ashley Broderick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Hello - welcome! I work alongside individuals experiencing a variety of challenges, including mood disorders, relationship difficulties, & grief/loss. My areas of specialization include processing the impact of prolonged and/or single incident traumatic stress. Given the complexities of such stress, my approach to psychotherapy is integrative & wholistic. This means that I draw together a range of approaches to support healing on a physical, emotional, mental, and, when applicable, a spiritual level. I am trained in a variety of approaches, including EMDR, Somatic Experiencing, Polyvagal theory, CBT & Motivational Interviewing.
Hello - welcome! I work alongside individuals experiencing a variety of challenges, including mood disorders, relationship difficulties, & grief/loss. My areas of specialization include processing the impact of prolonged and/or single incident traumatic stress. Given the complexities of such stress, my approach to psychotherapy is integrative & wholistic. This means that I draw together a range of approaches to support healing on a physical, emotional, mental, and, when applicable, a spiritual level. I am trained in a variety of approaches, including EMDR, Somatic Experiencing, Polyvagal theory, CBT & Motivational Interviewing.
(506) 404-2990 View (506) 404-2990

Nearby Searches for E1N

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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in E1N

20+

Average cost per session

$142

Counsellors in E1N who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
81% Relationship Issues
81% Stress
76% Self Esteem
71% Depression
62% Coping Skills
57% Grief

Average years in practice

5 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Blue Cross
69% Medavie Blue Cross
69% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in E1N see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

94% Female
6% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in E1N?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.