Therapists in Calgary, AB

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Photo of Gyna Angel Counselling Therapist , Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Gyna Angel Counselling Therapist
Counsellor, PhD
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2X
Gyna, with 10+ years' experience, holds a PhD in Child and Family Psychology. A seasoned speaker at international conferences, her expertise spans child counseling, parenting, early childhood education, special needs, family therapy, and corporate workshops. Offering CBT model therapy, she provides services in English and Spanish.
Gyna, with 10+ years' experience, holds a PhD in Child and Family Psychology. A seasoned speaker at international conferences, her expertise spans child counseling, parenting, early childhood education, special needs, family therapy, and corporate workshops. Offering CBT model therapy, she provides services in English and Spanish.
(825) 251-8511 View (825) 251-8511
Photo of Emily Schorr, Pre-Licensed Professional in Calgary, AB
Emily Schorr
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MSc
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2X
With a genuine passion for fostering positive change, I am committed to creating a safe and empathetic space where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and challenges. My therapeutic approach is grounded in a deep understanding of various modalities, allowing me to tailor sessions to meet the unique needs of each individual. I have a strong appreciation for evidence-based practices having worked extensively in research prior to pursuing a career as a psychologist.
With a genuine passion for fostering positive change, I am committed to creating a safe and empathetic space where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and challenges. My therapeutic approach is grounded in a deep understanding of various modalities, allowing me to tailor sessions to meet the unique needs of each individual. I have a strong appreciation for evidence-based practices having worked extensively in research prior to pursuing a career as a psychologist.
(825) 605-4590 View (825) 605-4590
Photo of Beatrice Achen, Registered Provisional Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Beatrice Achen
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MC
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2X
Welcome! I'm thrilled to have the opportunity to connect with you and support your journey towards positive change and growth. With a background in clinical neuroscience research, I bring a unique perspective to my practice. I fascinated with the intricate workings of the human mind and how it influences behavior, emotions, and relationships. My vision and mission as a therapist are clear—to help people change and move forward in their lives. I aim to create a safe and compassionate space where individuals can explore their challenges and goals without judgment.
Welcome! I'm thrilled to have the opportunity to connect with you and support your journey towards positive change and growth. With a background in clinical neuroscience research, I bring a unique perspective to my practice. I fascinated with the intricate workings of the human mind and how it influences behavior, emotions, and relationships. My vision and mission as a therapist are clear—to help people change and move forward in their lives. I aim to create a safe and compassionate space where individuals can explore their challenges and goals without judgment.
(825) 250-3522 View (825) 250-3522
Photo of Tanya Keto, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Tanya Keto
Psychologist, MEd
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2X
I am an assessment psychologist with over 20 years of combined experience working with struggling students and their families as a teacher, a learning strategist, a guidance counsellor, a community educator, an advocate, and a school psychologist. I am incredibly passionate about helping kids experience success through the assessment process. I am equally passionate about helping parents and teachers learn new ways to support their students. Over the last 20 years, I have become an expert in ADHD and Learning Disabilities (particularly Dyslexia).
I am an assessment psychologist with over 20 years of combined experience working with struggling students and their families as a teacher, a learning strategist, a guidance counsellor, a community educator, an advocate, and a school psychologist. I am incredibly passionate about helping kids experience success through the assessment process. I am equally passionate about helping parents and teachers learn new ways to support their students. Over the last 20 years, I have become an expert in ADHD and Learning Disabilities (particularly Dyslexia).
(825) 807-5603 View (825) 807-5603
Photo of Shanika Fridhandler, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Shanika Fridhandler
Psychologist, MSc, RPsych
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2M
Hi there! If you are experiencing pain and suffering, you are not alone. While difficult to accept, suffering is one side of the coin that is human existence; while happiness lies on the other side. Whether you are experiencing parenting challenges, relationship issues, trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, school/work issues, etc., our aim in working together will be to help you build healthy, fulfilling relationships and a life that is full of meaning and vitality. If you feel ready to take action towards building the life you want, I would be honored to work collaboratively with you as you move towards this.
Hi there! If you are experiencing pain and suffering, you are not alone. While difficult to accept, suffering is one side of the coin that is human existence; while happiness lies on the other side. Whether you are experiencing parenting challenges, relationship issues, trauma, stress, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, school/work issues, etc., our aim in working together will be to help you build healthy, fulfilling relationships and a life that is full of meaning and vitality. If you feel ready to take action towards building the life you want, I would be honored to work collaboratively with you as you move towards this.
(587) 907-5725 View (587) 907-5725
Photo of Dania Saeed, Pre-Licensed Professional in Calgary, AB
Dania Saeed
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B  (Online Only)
Accessing counselling is a brave first step towards becoming the person you want to be. I'm here you assist you on your journey. I believe that you are the expert on yourself and I am here to provide tools and resources which are helpful to you. My goal is to create a safe and collaborative space through which you can gain greater self-awareness. I draw from various modalities such as mindfulness, culture-infused, DBT, and solution-focused interventions. I specialize in exploring neurodiversity and working with youth.
Accessing counselling is a brave first step towards becoming the person you want to be. I'm here you assist you on your journey. I believe that you are the expert on yourself and I am here to provide tools and resources which are helpful to you. My goal is to create a safe and collaborative space through which you can gain greater self-awareness. I draw from various modalities such as mindfulness, culture-infused, DBT, and solution-focused interventions. I specialize in exploring neurodiversity and working with youth.
(825) 605-4549 View (825) 605-4549
Photo of Melissa Kroker, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Melissa Kroker
Psychologist, BA, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2E
I have dedicated my life to helping people because I know what it is like to feel misunderstood. I want to help you understand what you don’t know about yourself yet, working towards extending yourself the compassion that you deserve, and cultivating the changes you want for yourself. Don’t get me wrong- this process can be hard work and can take some time. While I may work with you on certain strategies or tools, my goal is to create a space to help unfold the person that you are meant to be and to see the magic of who you are.
I have dedicated my life to helping people because I know what it is like to feel misunderstood. I want to help you understand what you don’t know about yourself yet, working towards extending yourself the compassion that you deserve, and cultivating the changes you want for yourself. Don’t get me wrong- this process can be hard work and can take some time. While I may work with you on certain strategies or tools, my goal is to create a space to help unfold the person that you are meant to be and to see the magic of who you are.
(587) 604-6507 View (587) 604-6507
Photo of Vivian Boyechko, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Vivian Boyechko
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2N
With more than 20 years of experience, I specialize in PTSD, Depression and Anxiety, including with RCMP and Canadian Armed Forces. My goal is to alleviate your emotional distress and increase your positive life experiences. My professional style involves treatment within a warm, caring, respectful, straightforward relationship. I am open-minded, non-judgmental, experienced and highly competent. My extensive experience enables me to quickly and accurately assess your area of need. I will teach you effective symptom management strategies, problem-solving techniques and positive changes. My goal for you is a better quality of life.
With more than 20 years of experience, I specialize in PTSD, Depression and Anxiety, including with RCMP and Canadian Armed Forces. My goal is to alleviate your emotional distress and increase your positive life experiences. My professional style involves treatment within a warm, caring, respectful, straightforward relationship. I am open-minded, non-judgmental, experienced and highly competent. My extensive experience enables me to quickly and accurately assess your area of need. I will teach you effective symptom management strategies, problem-solving techniques and positive changes. My goal for you is a better quality of life.
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Photo of Beth MacLeod, Registered Provisional Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Beth MacLeod
Registered Provisional Psychologist, MC
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2P
Beth works collaboratively with clients to meet them where they are at and develop their capacity to make career decisions that make sense with the many moving pieces in their lives. She aspires to empower clients to find the right fit for their unique strengths and skills.
Beth works collaboratively with clients to meet them where they are at and develop their capacity to make career decisions that make sense with the many moving pieces in their lives. She aspires to empower clients to find the right fit for their unique strengths and skills.
(587) 875-5511 View (587) 875-5511
Photo of Denisse Martinez Aguilar, Pre-Licensed Professional in Calgary, AB
Denisse Martinez Aguilar
Pre-Licensed Professional, BCR, MACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B
My practice focuses on finding and highlighting your strengths, tailoring our sessions to fit you, and acknowledging your identities, cultural influences, interpersonal dynamics, and societal factors. During our sessions, you can expect a safe and brave space where you can be yourself and feel truly supported. Surrounded by values of decolonization, anti-oppression and accessibility for all. As a counsellor, I'm committed to being an integral part of your team, guiding you toward self-discovery and empowering you to lead the life YOU aspire to live.
My practice focuses on finding and highlighting your strengths, tailoring our sessions to fit you, and acknowledging your identities, cultural influences, interpersonal dynamics, and societal factors. During our sessions, you can expect a safe and brave space where you can be yourself and feel truly supported. Surrounded by values of decolonization, anti-oppression and accessibility for all. As a counsellor, I'm committed to being an integral part of your team, guiding you toward self-discovery and empowering you to lead the life YOU aspire to live.
(825) 254-7294 View (825) 254-7294
Photo of Megan Mandryk, Pre-Licensed Professional in Calgary, AB
Megan Mandryk
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2P
I am a registered student therapist completing my Master of Arts in Counselling Psychology. I believe that every person’s story is important and deserves to be heard. I am motivated to help you find your own strengths and live a fulfilling life that you choose. I focus on your lived experience and wholeheartedly believe that you are the expert of your story and your life.
I am a registered student therapist completing my Master of Arts in Counselling Psychology. I believe that every person’s story is important and deserves to be heard. I am motivated to help you find your own strengths and live a fulfilling life that you choose. I focus on your lived experience and wholeheartedly believe that you are the expert of your story and your life.
(587) 858-0552 View (587) 858-0552
Photo of Adaptive Minds Counselling, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Adaptive Minds Counselling
Psychologist
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3E
Clients of Adaptive Minds Counselling seek our services for many reasons. You may be looking to cope better with challenging emotions, manage challenging life and work situations, gain better insight into yourself, change unhelpful patterns of behavior, or build new strengths and skills to improve your life. We aim to provide you with a comfortable counselling experience where you can feel supported and move towards improving things quickly.
Clients of Adaptive Minds Counselling seek our services for many reasons. You may be looking to cope better with challenging emotions, manage challenging life and work situations, gain better insight into yourself, change unhelpful patterns of behavior, or build new strengths and skills to improve your life. We aim to provide you with a comfortable counselling experience where you can feel supported and move towards improving things quickly.
(587) 857-5569 View (587) 857-5569
Photo of Crystal Hamill, Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Crystal Hamill
Counsellor, MA, CCC
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2T  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients! Are you feeling overwhelmed and anxious about your current situation and don’t know where to start? I am here to help. Hi, I am Crystal, so glad you are here! I love working with individuals, whether you are experiencing issues in your relationships, going through a separation, breakup, or divorce and/or preparing for new love.
Accepting new clients! Are you feeling overwhelmed and anxious about your current situation and don’t know where to start? I am here to help. Hi, I am Crystal, so glad you are here! I love working with individuals, whether you are experiencing issues in your relationships, going through a separation, breakup, or divorce and/or preparing for new love.
(587) 809-2627 View (587) 809-2627
Photo of Eaman (Amy) Thompson, Counsellor in Calgary, AB
Eaman (Amy) Thompson
Counsellor, MC: AT, PAT, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T2M  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I’m so glad you’re here! My name is Eaman/Amy Thompson and I am a Professional Art Therapist and Certified Canadian Counsellor. I am a cisgender, demisexual woman of color (with African, Asian, and Arab roots), who lives with chronic health conditions. I identify as a Third Culture Kid, and English is my second language. I have been working in the mental health field for more than half my life, and I absolutely love what I do. If you feel like you are ready to make some changes in your life, but unsure of how to proceed - then counselling may be a great next step towards figuring out how to get where you would like to be.
I’m so glad you’re here! My name is Eaman/Amy Thompson and I am a Professional Art Therapist and Certified Canadian Counsellor. I am a cisgender, demisexual woman of color (with African, Asian, and Arab roots), who lives with chronic health conditions. I identify as a Third Culture Kid, and English is my second language. I have been working in the mental health field for more than half my life, and I absolutely love what I do. If you feel like you are ready to make some changes in your life, but unsure of how to proceed - then counselling may be a great next step towards figuring out how to get where you would like to be.
(587) 858-0545 View (587) 858-0545
Photo of Restorative Conversations and the Centre for ADHD, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Restorative Conversations and the Centre for ADHD
Psychologist, MA, RPsych
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3H
Not accepting new clients
Listening for your best self can best take place in the context of a safe, confidential, professional relationship. Issues related to depression, anxiety, ADHD, workplace distress, relationship challenges, parenting, and adjustment to illness often bring us to uncharted waters. In a collaborative, facilitated journey we can identify specific strategies and skills for you to re-access your best self! My clinical areas of interest are anxiety, depression, and ADHD across the lifespan.
Listening for your best self can best take place in the context of a safe, confidential, professional relationship. Issues related to depression, anxiety, ADHD, workplace distress, relationship challenges, parenting, and adjustment to illness often bring us to uncharted waters. In a collaborative, facilitated journey we can identify specific strategies and skills for you to re-access your best self! My clinical areas of interest are anxiety, depression, and ADHD across the lifespan.
(855) 225-4675 View (855) 225-4675
Photo of Janice Cathcart, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Janice Cathcart
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2M
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling or feeling stuck? I am a psychologist with over 25 years experience in a wide variety of treatment settings. Currently, I work primarily with adults who are experiencing chronic pain, adjustment to illness or life transitions, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and burn-out.. I consider therapy an active, collaborative process requiring a compassionate and nuanced approach. I appreciate that each individual's process is unique and together we will work to help you move toward more fully living the life you desire.
Are you struggling or feeling stuck? I am a psychologist with over 25 years experience in a wide variety of treatment settings. Currently, I work primarily with adults who are experiencing chronic pain, adjustment to illness or life transitions, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and burn-out.. I consider therapy an active, collaborative process requiring a compassionate and nuanced approach. I appreciate that each individual's process is unique and together we will work to help you move toward more fully living the life you desire.
(825) 360-0479 View (825) 360-0479
Photo of About: Anxiety Lgbtq+ Transgender - Avery Rodger, Counsellor in Calgary, AB
About: Anxiety Lgbtq+ Transgender - Avery Rodger
Counsellor, RP(Q), BSc
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Calgary, AB T3B
I understand what you’re carrying is heavy. Therapists in the past were cold and removed, dismissed and diminished you, not understanding the complexity of gender and identity. You’ve researched, journaled, listened to the podcasts, tried CBT, DBT, breathing exercises; anything to release the fear of having to navigate a dangerous world of violence, hate, oppression, and misinformation. A world that wants you erased. I know this because I see so much of my own story in yours; the black sheep (cycle breaker, dreamer) in a family or workplace that doesn’t know you and makes no effort to do so. You want to feel seen, heard, respected.
I understand what you’re carrying is heavy. Therapists in the past were cold and removed, dismissed and diminished you, not understanding the complexity of gender and identity. You’ve researched, journaled, listened to the podcasts, tried CBT, DBT, breathing exercises; anything to release the fear of having to navigate a dangerous world of violence, hate, oppression, and misinformation. A world that wants you erased. I know this because I see so much of my own story in yours; the black sheep (cycle breaker, dreamer) in a family or workplace that doesn’t know you and makes no effort to do so. You want to feel seen, heard, respected.
(825) 255-5407 View (825) 255-5407
Photo of Beth Hedva, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Beth Hedva
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych, RMFT, DABPS, DAPA
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3B
Are you ready to find enlightening ways to meet life's greatest challenges? Learn how to resolve loss, grief, betrayal, trauma, anxiety; and, explore spiritual or psychic encounters with support from a uniquely equipped licensed psychologist and healer. We may use astrology, tarot, numerology, palmistry or dream work for further insights. As an expert intuitive, and Field Researcher with California's Office of Paranormal Investigation, I blend clinical psychology with ancient spiritual healing traditions to provide safe, effective mentorship to individuals, couples, groups; and helpers, healers, 1st responders, coaches or educators.
Are you ready to find enlightening ways to meet life's greatest challenges? Learn how to resolve loss, grief, betrayal, trauma, anxiety; and, explore spiritual or psychic encounters with support from a uniquely equipped licensed psychologist and healer. We may use astrology, tarot, numerology, palmistry or dream work for further insights. As an expert intuitive, and Field Researcher with California's Office of Paranormal Investigation, I blend clinical psychology with ancient spiritual healing traditions to provide safe, effective mentorship to individuals, couples, groups; and helpers, healers, 1st responders, coaches or educators.
(403) 800-0762 View (403) 800-0762
Photo of Erin Pougnet, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Erin Pougnet
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T3B
My passion is helping children and adolescents to feel better understood, and to have the skills and confidence to better manage their external (e.g., friendships, school performance) and internal (e.g., emotions, urges) worlds. Using gold-standard psychological assessment tools, I can provide clarity around diagnostic questions including ASD, ADHD, intellectual disabilities, and learning disorders in order to make recommendations that will benefit a child going forward. With respect to therapy, I use evidence-based modalities including CBT, DBT skills, and ACT to help youth manage big feelings and function more effectively.
My passion is helping children and adolescents to feel better understood, and to have the skills and confidence to better manage their external (e.g., friendships, school performance) and internal (e.g., emotions, urges) worlds. Using gold-standard psychological assessment tools, I can provide clarity around diagnostic questions including ASD, ADHD, intellectual disabilities, and learning disorders in order to make recommendations that will benefit a child going forward. With respect to therapy, I use evidence-based modalities including CBT, DBT skills, and ACT to help youth manage big feelings and function more effectively.
(825) 254-7184 View (825) 254-7184
Photo of Vanessa Chong, Psychologist in Calgary, AB
Vanessa Chong
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Calgary, AB T2G
I am a Clinical Psychologist with over 10 years of experience in the public health system. Clients often come to me for help with depression, anxiety, relationship problems, or life transitions. Over time, we may explore deeper underlying issues, such as emotion suppression, relationship patterns, low self-esteem, or “unfinished business” from the past. I also have a great deal of experience with trauma-focused therapy- many of my clients struggle with PTSD. My goal is to help my clients develop better self-awareness, understand their difficulties, recognize their strengths, and learn ways to live more effective, meaningful lives.
I am a Clinical Psychologist with over 10 years of experience in the public health system. Clients often come to me for help with depression, anxiety, relationship problems, or life transitions. Over time, we may explore deeper underlying issues, such as emotion suppression, relationship patterns, low self-esteem, or “unfinished business” from the past. I also have a great deal of experience with trauma-focused therapy- many of my clients struggle with PTSD. My goal is to help my clients develop better self-awareness, understand their difficulties, recognize their strengths, and learn ways to live more effective, meaningful lives.
(587) 715-0662 View (587) 715-0662

See more therapy options for Calgary

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Calgary, AB

1,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Counsellors in Calgary, AB who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Self Esteem
80% Stress
78% Relationship Issues
73% Coping Skills
71% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% Green Shield Canada
58% Alberta Blue Cross
51% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Calgary, AB see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Calgary?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.