Compassion Focused Therapists in Toronto, ON

Photo of Tania Iskiw, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Tania Iskiw
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, RCAT
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6P  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am largely inspired by approaches like sensorimotor psychotherapy, polyvagal theory, EMDR, arts-based approaches, compassion focused therapy, and internal family systems.
I am deeply invested in anti-oppressive, trauma-informed care and creating safety around tough topics. I believe in the power of including the body when exploring our emotions and thoughts, and work with the understanding that what wanted to happen (but couldn't happen) can get stuck in the body. Holding space to experiment with and process this is a beautiful thing. I believe that the parts of ourselves we tend to push away are not only manageable but valuable and that exploring our responses to the world can strengthen an understanding of what we need so that we can release what’s no longer working for us and thrive.
I am largely inspired by approaches like sensorimotor psychotherapy, polyvagal theory, EMDR, arts-based approaches, compassion focused therapy, and internal family systems.
I am deeply invested in anti-oppressive, trauma-informed care and creating safety around tough topics. I believe in the power of including the body when exploring our emotions and thoughts, and work with the understanding that what wanted to happen (but couldn't happen) can get stuck in the body. Holding space to experiment with and process this is a beautiful thing. I believe that the parts of ourselves we tend to push away are not only manageable but valuable and that exploring our responses to the world can strengthen an understanding of what we need so that we can release what’s no longer working for us and thrive.
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Photo of Tessenie Mowatt, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Tessenie Mowatt
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, BSc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6P  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I honour your bravery in reaching out for help in a capitalistic, ableist society that favours individualism. I am so excited for you to lean into the support of a therapeutic relationship. The foundational element to our work together is the therapeutic relationship where I center your individual experience with consideration for systemic, cultural, and political factors that influence our quality of life and relationships.
I honour your bravery in reaching out for help in a capitalistic, ableist society that favours individualism. I am so excited for you to lean into the support of a therapeutic relationship. The foundational element to our work together is the therapeutic relationship where I center your individual experience with consideration for systemic, cultural, and political factors that influence our quality of life and relationships.
(437) 747-5674 View (437) 747-5674
Photo of Bahar Haji-Khamneh (Psychologist), Psychologist in Toronto, ON
Bahar Haji-Khamneh (Psychologist)
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6P  (Online Only)
Choosing the right therapist is a big deal. Just like a travel partner will impact the experiences you have on your trip, your therapist will impact how your mental health journey unfolds. I commend you for making this important decision thoughtfully. To tell you a bit about myself, I am a psychologist working with adults facing a variety of life struggles including trauma, OCD, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, perfectionism, shame, health issues and life transitions. I am grateful to have received training in a range of modalities including mindfulness, compassion focused, emotion focused, CBT and psychodynamic therapies.
Choosing the right therapist is a big deal. Just like a travel partner will impact the experiences you have on your trip, your therapist will impact how your mental health journey unfolds. I commend you for making this important decision thoughtfully. To tell you a bit about myself, I am a psychologist working with adults facing a variety of life struggles including trauma, OCD, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, perfectionism, shame, health issues and life transitions. I am grateful to have received training in a range of modalities including mindfulness, compassion focused, emotion focused, CBT and psychodynamic therapies.
(647) 699-7954 View (647) 699-7954
Photo of Kesla Forsythe, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Kesla Forsythe
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4K
I also draw from Internal Family Systems, Emotion Focused Therapy, Compassion Focused Therapy, Mindfulness and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
Booking for May - Living in survival mode is exhausting & I know it took a lot of energy to get here. I support folks looking for new ways to cope with distressing symptoms related to trauma, depression & anxiety. If you are struggling with anger, grief or major life transitions, this is not something you need to do alone & I can be with you while we bring understanding & compassion to what you're experiencing. I also offer Sex Therapy for individuals with concerns such as desire discrepancies, erectile dysfunction, pain, sexual trauma & understanding kink identity.
I also draw from Internal Family Systems, Emotion Focused Therapy, Compassion Focused Therapy, Mindfulness and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
Booking for May - Living in survival mode is exhausting & I know it took a lot of energy to get here. I support folks looking for new ways to cope with distressing symptoms related to trauma, depression & anxiety. If you are struggling with anger, grief or major life transitions, this is not something you need to do alone & I can be with you while we bring understanding & compassion to what you're experiencing. I also offer Sex Therapy for individuals with concerns such as desire discrepancies, erectile dysfunction, pain, sexual trauma & understanding kink identity.
(437) 747-7878 View (437) 747-7878
Photo of Christine Grace McMulkin, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Christine Grace McMulkin
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, MSc
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4L  (Online Only)
At the heart of compassion focused therapy, is befriending ourselves and our humanness, as we navigate the challenges and pain that are part of our life journeys. Cultivating an inner ally and creating a place of safe refuge is foundational in quieting the harsh voice of self criticism, and making room for a more compassionate voice to emerge. Whether you are seeking guidance in navigating the impact of life stresses, losses, transitions, burdens, anxieties or depressions or are on a path of personal growth, I am devoted to supporting you in being with yourself in kinder, gentler and self honouring ways.
At the heart of compassion focused therapy, is befriending ourselves and our humanness, as we navigate the challenges and pain that are part of our life journeys. Cultivating an inner ally and creating a place of safe refuge is foundational in quieting the harsh voice of self criticism, and making room for a more compassionate voice to emerge. Whether you are seeking guidance in navigating the impact of life stresses, losses, transitions, burdens, anxieties or depressions or are on a path of personal growth, I am devoted to supporting you in being with yourself in kinder, gentler and self honouring ways.
(437) 747-7543 View (437) 747-7543
Photo of Emily Hostland, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Emily Hostland
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MA, ExAT, DTATI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6G
Do you feel a sense of yearning… for change, to understand yourself, to understand why certain challenges keep arising, and how to build a more meaningful and enjoyable life for yourself? I know this yearning is a resource, and it shows your capacity and curiousity to learn and care for yourself. I offer space to connect to yourself in a meaningful way, to overcome challenging and traumatic experiences with compassion and support, and to realize your full capacity. I am here to offer a way through. You don’t have to do it on your own. My role is to help guide you to find what works and what’s helpful.
Do you feel a sense of yearning… for change, to understand yourself, to understand why certain challenges keep arising, and how to build a more meaningful and enjoyable life for yourself? I know this yearning is a resource, and it shows your capacity and curiousity to learn and care for yourself. I offer space to connect to yourself in a meaningful way, to overcome challenging and traumatic experiences with compassion and support, and to realize your full capacity. I am here to offer a way through. You don’t have to do it on your own. My role is to help guide you to find what works and what’s helpful.
(437) 747-8149 View (437) 747-8149
Photo of Nikolai Pavlov, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Nikolai Pavlov
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, UKCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6K  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Nikolai is an internationally trained psychotherapist with a nursing background who has worked in the mental health field since 2009 first in Russia and then in Canada. He provides a safe, supportive, and confidential environment for one-on-one virtual therapy work. He offers personalized sessions that allow individuals to explore their feelings, thoughts, behaviours, and relationships. Psychotherapy and supervision services are available in both English and Russian.
Nikolai is an internationally trained psychotherapist with a nursing background who has worked in the mental health field since 2009 first in Russia and then in Canada. He provides a safe, supportive, and confidential environment for one-on-one virtual therapy work. He offers personalized sessions that allow individuals to explore their feelings, thoughts, behaviours, and relationships. Psychotherapy and supervision services are available in both English and Russian.
(647) 494-9245 View (647) 494-9245
Photo of Miranda Elise Klimowski, MA, RP, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Miranda Elise Klimowski, MA, RP
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5V
Her extensive expertise includes Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT), Adlerian Therapy, and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) which I can utilize in your sessions at Canadian Therapy.
How important is it for you to engage with a therapist who deeply understands and can help you with childhood trauma and adverse experiences? Would you value a therapeutic experience centred on empathy, safety and a personal commitment to your growth and healing? I am passionate about assisting my clients grappling with childhood trauma, addiction, self-esteem issues, and relationship challenges. Offering individual and marriage counselling, I emphasize self-esteem, anxiety, alcohol addiction, coping strategies, childhood trauma, and life transitions.
Her extensive expertise includes Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT), Adlerian Therapy, and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) which I can utilize in your sessions at Canadian Therapy.
How important is it for you to engage with a therapist who deeply understands and can help you with childhood trauma and adverse experiences? Would you value a therapeutic experience centred on empathy, safety and a personal commitment to your growth and healing? I am passionate about assisting my clients grappling with childhood trauma, addiction, self-esteem issues, and relationship challenges. Offering individual and marriage counselling, I emphasize self-esteem, anxiety, alcohol addiction, coping strategies, childhood trauma, and life transitions.
(437) 800-0368 View (437) 800-0368
Photo of Michael Grossman, Psychologist in Toronto, ON
Michael Grossman
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6K  (Online Only)
As a clinical psychologist, I provide assessment and treatment for youth and adults with a variety of mental health concerns, including low mood, anxiety, emotion regulation and anger, life transitions and interpersonal difficulties, and psychosis. I view the therapeutic relationship as a key component to change, and take a collaborative approach with clients to establish goals that are achievable, personally relevant, and meaningful.
As a clinical psychologist, I provide assessment and treatment for youth and adults with a variety of mental health concerns, including low mood, anxiety, emotion regulation and anger, life transitions and interpersonal difficulties, and psychosis. I view the therapeutic relationship as a key component to change, and take a collaborative approach with clients to establish goals that are achievable, personally relevant, and meaningful.
(647) 277-4796 View (647) 277-4796
Photo of Phoebe Jones in Toronto, ON
Phoebe Jones
RN, BScN
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4L  (Online Only)
Are anxiety and worry taking up too much space in your life? Do you feel like have tried everything to deal with your anxiety but nothing has helped? You're not alone, but freedom from a life controlled by fear is possible. I'm Phoebe, I specialize in helping those with anxiety, fear, and self-doubt get back to living their best lives. I offer supportive, compassionate, and practical support for anxiety. My approach is rooted in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy.
Are anxiety and worry taking up too much space in your life? Do you feel like have tried everything to deal with your anxiety but nothing has helped? You're not alone, but freedom from a life controlled by fear is possible. I'm Phoebe, I specialize in helping those with anxiety, fear, and self-doubt get back to living their best lives. I offer supportive, compassionate, and practical support for anxiety. My approach is rooted in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy.
(437) 747-7870 View (437) 747-7870
Photo of Dr. Genevieve Vrana - Centre For Psychology And Emotional Health, Psychologist in Toronto, ON
Dr. Genevieve Vrana - Centre For Psychology And Emotional Health
Psychologist, PhD, CPsych
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5R
Waitlist for new clients
I provide clients with a safe space to explore their emotions, so that they can heal from past wounds, become more self-accepting, and make meaningful changes in their lives. Clients can always count on my warm, empathic, and non-judgmental manner, which leaves them feeling understood and supported. I am passionate about helping people struggling with a range of concerns including depression, low self-esteem, grief, anxiety, worry, childhood and adult traumatic experiences, overwhelming emotions, stress, life transitions, relationship difficulties, life satisfaction, and challenges associated with living with a health condition.
I provide clients with a safe space to explore their emotions, so that they can heal from past wounds, become more self-accepting, and make meaningful changes in their lives. Clients can always count on my warm, empathic, and non-judgmental manner, which leaves them feeling understood and supported. I am passionate about helping people struggling with a range of concerns including depression, low self-esteem, grief, anxiety, worry, childhood and adult traumatic experiences, overwhelming emotions, stress, life transitions, relationship difficulties, life satisfaction, and challenges associated with living with a health condition.
(647) 370-9456 View (647) 370-9456
Photo of Charlena Marcuccio, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Charlena Marcuccio
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), HBSc, MACP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6P  (Online Only)
I’m an open, compassionate, and curious psychotherapist that approaches sessions from a trauma-informed lens. As a creative and an intuitive, I practice integratively, curating my approach to each unique client’s needs, personality, and intersectionality. My experience includes the treatment of depression, anxiety, ADHD, OCD, burnout, PTSD, phobias, grief, relationship health, relationship ruptures & infidelity, ethical & conscious non-monogamy, and gender-specific issues. I also have background in tantra & kink and am very comfortable holding space to explore sexual issues, desires, and satisfaction.
I’m an open, compassionate, and curious psychotherapist that approaches sessions from a trauma-informed lens. As a creative and an intuitive, I practice integratively, curating my approach to each unique client’s needs, personality, and intersectionality. My experience includes the treatment of depression, anxiety, ADHD, OCD, burnout, PTSD, phobias, grief, relationship health, relationship ruptures & infidelity, ethical & conscious non-monogamy, and gender-specific issues. I also have background in tantra & kink and am very comfortable holding space to explore sexual issues, desires, and satisfaction.
(437) 524-0628 View (437) 524-0628
Photo of Bella Pahlevan_ Emergence Psychotherapy, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Bella Pahlevan_ Emergence Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5V
I use modalities such as CBT, DBT, person-centered, compassion focused therapy and trauma informed frameworks to address my clients needs.
If you experienced narcissistic abuse in your family, relationship or any other setting I understand how challenging it might be to heal the wounds, find your voice and self-esteem back. I believe that there's always a way to move forward and start to heal. What matters is that instead of giving up, you are seeking help and that means you are getting ready to use external and internal resources to move past what's causing you distress. I believe in providing a non-judgmental atmosphere where you feel safe to be yourself.
I use modalities such as CBT, DBT, person-centered, compassion focused therapy and trauma informed frameworks to address my clients needs.
If you experienced narcissistic abuse in your family, relationship or any other setting I understand how challenging it might be to heal the wounds, find your voice and self-esteem back. I believe that there's always a way to move forward and start to heal. What matters is that instead of giving up, you are seeking help and that means you are getting ready to use external and internal resources to move past what's causing you distress. I believe in providing a non-judgmental atmosphere where you feel safe to be yourself.
(437) 747-6250 View (437) 747-6250
Photo of Dr. Tanaya Chatterjee Psychologist, Psychologist in Toronto, ON
Dr. Tanaya Chatterjee Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyD, CPsych
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6S  (Online Only)
Thank you for being here! I work with adults who may experience emotional and behavioural difficulties. I specialize in treating anxiety disorders, OCD, depressive disorders, personality disorders, PTSD, racial trauma, grief and loss, and other relational problems. I also work with those who have experienced childhood trauma. In my work, I consistently and sincerely acknowledge the importance of the transgenerational impact of acculturation on our beliefs, worldviews, and sense of self. I genuinely believe that we are not broken, so we do not need "fixing;" instead, we work to be the self we want to be!
Thank you for being here! I work with adults who may experience emotional and behavioural difficulties. I specialize in treating anxiety disorders, OCD, depressive disorders, personality disorders, PTSD, racial trauma, grief and loss, and other relational problems. I also work with those who have experienced childhood trauma. In my work, I consistently and sincerely acknowledge the importance of the transgenerational impact of acculturation on our beliefs, worldviews, and sense of self. I genuinely believe that we are not broken, so we do not need "fixing;" instead, we work to be the self we want to be!
(437) 747-5004 View (437) 747-5004
Photo of Ida Radan Centre For Psychology & Emotional Health, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Ida Radan Centre For Psychology & Emotional Health
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5R  (Online Only)
Welcome! It is a privilege to support my clients. I am intentional in creating an atmosphere of safety and hope during consultations by bringing kindness to the therapy space, and a desire for developing an authentic connection. I can support you overcome issues with depression, anxiety and chronic worry, panic attacks, social anxiety, family conflict, relationship issues, lack of assertiveness and boundary difficulties, anger issues, low confidence and self-esteem, trauma, grief and loss, adjustment to illness and injury, life changes, workplace difficulties, and discrimination.
Welcome! It is a privilege to support my clients. I am intentional in creating an atmosphere of safety and hope during consultations by bringing kindness to the therapy space, and a desire for developing an authentic connection. I can support you overcome issues with depression, anxiety and chronic worry, panic attacks, social anxiety, family conflict, relationship issues, lack of assertiveness and boundary difficulties, anger issues, low confidence and self-esteem, trauma, grief and loss, adjustment to illness and injury, life changes, workplace difficulties, and discrimination.
(289) 275-3983 View (289) 275-3983
Photo of Sieran Yung, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Sieran Yung
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP (Q), MEd
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5R
Do you want to find a way out of the stress, fear, and sadness that you’re going through? Find some peace and comfort? Maybe you feel hopeless and overwhelmed. It can be scary and tiring, an uphill battle, and you feel like you will collapse and shatter at any time. When you face all this fatigue, despair, and frustration, you wish you could confide in a trusted person and get some support. I can be that support person for you, so that you can make sense of your world, find peace, and reclaim control. You don’t have to feel so helpless anymore.
Do you want to find a way out of the stress, fear, and sadness that you’re going through? Find some peace and comfort? Maybe you feel hopeless and overwhelmed. It can be scary and tiring, an uphill battle, and you feel like you will collapse and shatter at any time. When you face all this fatigue, despair, and frustration, you wish you could confide in a trusted person and get some support. I can be that support person for you, so that you can make sense of your world, find peace, and reclaim control. You don’t have to feel so helpless anymore.
(647) 560-8721 View (647) 560-8721
Photo of Noa Ashkenazi, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Noa Ashkenazi
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5S
I have been working in the field for over 25 years, supporting people who are dealing with personal difficulties of different kinds: sadness, depression, sex and sexuality related issues, dating/intimacy/broken-heart, anxiety, trauma, grief, immigration and displacement related issues, existential and mid-life crises, or simply "figuring out" their life. I provide compassionate, empathic, non-judgemental, and both intellectually and emotionally rewarding therapy experience.
I have been working in the field for over 25 years, supporting people who are dealing with personal difficulties of different kinds: sadness, depression, sex and sexuality related issues, dating/intimacy/broken-heart, anxiety, trauma, grief, immigration and displacement related issues, existential and mid-life crises, or simply "figuring out" their life. I provide compassionate, empathic, non-judgemental, and both intellectually and emotionally rewarding therapy experience.
(437) 747-5408 View (437) 747-5408
Photo of Meryl Baron Witkin, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Meryl Baron Witkin
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5N
Using a Psychodynamic lense, I take a Humanistic approach using Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT), Strength-Based Therapy (SBT), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Life can throw you challenging situations that leave you feeling overwhelmed and emotionally drained. Whether you're battling stress, anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties, you're not alone. I understand the emotions and challenges you're experiencing and want you to know there's a path towards healing. I will provide a safe, judgment-free space where you can freely share. Together, we'll uncover the root causes of your struggles and find strategies to move forward. I draw upon various therapeutic modalities, tailored to your unique needs, to help you regain control of your life and achieve emotional well-being.
Using a Psychodynamic lense, I take a Humanistic approach using Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT), Strength-Based Therapy (SBT), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Life can throw you challenging situations that leave you feeling overwhelmed and emotionally drained. Whether you're battling stress, anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties, you're not alone. I understand the emotions and challenges you're experiencing and want you to know there's a path towards healing. I will provide a safe, judgment-free space where you can freely share. Together, we'll uncover the root causes of your struggles and find strategies to move forward. I draw upon various therapeutic modalities, tailored to your unique needs, to help you regain control of your life and achieve emotional well-being.
(647) 933-5717 View (647) 933-5717
Photo of Marni Bleeman, Occupational Therapist in Toronto, ON
Marni Bleeman
Occupational Therapist, OT Reg, (Ont)
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6E  (Online Only)
I have over 20 years of experience working in mental health supporting people with depression and anxiety. I help individuals develop skills to become more assertive, build self-esteem and manage emotions such as anxiety, low mood, anger, and cope with the ups and downs of loss.
I have over 20 years of experience working in mental health supporting people with depression and anxiety. I help individuals develop skills to become more assertive, build self-esteem and manage emotions such as anxiety, low mood, anger, and cope with the ups and downs of loss.
(647) 931-8039 View (647) 931-8039
Photo of Sandi Costa, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Sandi Costa
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, BA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5R
Waitlist for new clients
A truth of life and living is that painful things happen to us. And when painful things happen, emotional residue, such as grief, despair, anxiety, and interpersonal trouble is often the cargo we are faced with. These deeply personal experiences create different layers to who we are and impact what we bring to our relationships with others and to ourselves. Therapy with me offers you a space to forego pretense and to find a way back to your true self and to all the things that matter most to you.
A truth of life and living is that painful things happen to us. And when painful things happen, emotional residue, such as grief, despair, anxiety, and interpersonal trouble is often the cargo we are faced with. These deeply personal experiences create different layers to who we are and impact what we bring to our relationships with others and to ourselves. Therapy with me offers you a space to forego pretense and to find a way back to your true self and to all the things that matter most to you.
(855) 383-2544 View (855) 383-2544

See more therapy options for Toronto

Compassion Focused Counsellors

How does compassion-focused therapy work?

Compassion-Focused Therapy is based on the idea that humans have at least three emotion regulation systems, including one that responds to threats and another that allows us to self-soothe. Those who experienced serious childhood adversity, the theory goes, have a hyperactive threat system and an underperforming self-soothing system, leaving them vulnerable to shame and a hypercritical mindset. CFT focuses on bringing these systems back into balance, helping the client be kinder to themselves and better able to accept kindness from others.

Is compassion-focused therapy a type of CBT?

Compassion-focused therapy is closely related to cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and employs many of its techniques. In addition to CBT, CFT also draws from the fields of biology, evolutionary psychology, neuroscience, developmental psychology, and Buddhism. It also has similarities to some types of trauma-focused therapies.

Is compassion-focused therapy evidence based?

Evidence suggests that CFT can be helpful in the treatment of anxiety, mood disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, psychosis, and other mental illnesses. It has also been shown to be beneficial for individuals who may not have diagnosable psychiatric disorders but who still struggle with persistent self-criticism and feelings of shame.

What are the limitations of compassion-focused therapy?

Compassion-focused therapy is still a relatively new therapy, and research on its efficacy is still in its early stages; while some studies have found positive results, many have suffered from quality issues or small sample sizes. And while most CFT clients find it difficult to practice self-compassion at first, some—especially those who actively fear compassion or are deeply uncomfortable being cared for—may not be fully open to the tenets of CFT, potentially limiting the therapy’s long-term effectiveness.