Therapists in Toronto, ON

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Photo of Laurie Solmon, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Laurie Solmon
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M3H
Parenting is hard; the lived experience of a child/youth can be hard too. Sometimes, understanding each others' perspectives can be challenging. My aim is to bridge this gap and help families work together, rather than against each other. Thinking about how you can enhance your family's overall mental health? Consider how therapy can support your family in moving towards positive change. A non-judgmental and outside perspective can help your family really listen to each other, consider differing perspectives in a new way, and offer unique strategies to direct you towards your goals.
Parenting is hard; the lived experience of a child/youth can be hard too. Sometimes, understanding each others' perspectives can be challenging. My aim is to bridge this gap and help families work together, rather than against each other. Thinking about how you can enhance your family's overall mental health? Consider how therapy can support your family in moving towards positive change. A non-judgmental and outside perspective can help your family really listen to each other, consider differing perspectives in a new way, and offer unique strategies to direct you towards your goals.
(647) 490-1703 View (647) 490-1703
Photo of Krista Huyer, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Krista Huyer
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, BAsC
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5J
Accepting new clients & Group Supervision- I work with women experiencing feelings of low self-esteem and anxiety. Do you ever feel unappreciated or stuck? As though no matter how hard you try you are never enough? In today’s fast paced world, it can be so hard to find a safe space to open up and let those emotions go. If life is magnifying the negative thoughts in your head, I can help you find your voice, and together we can discover your true self-worth. Everyone deserves to feel appreciated and accepted.
Accepting new clients & Group Supervision- I work with women experiencing feelings of low self-esteem and anxiety. Do you ever feel unappreciated or stuck? As though no matter how hard you try you are never enough? In today’s fast paced world, it can be so hard to find a safe space to open up and let those emotions go. If life is magnifying the negative thoughts in your head, I can help you find your voice, and together we can discover your true self-worth. Everyone deserves to feel appreciated and accepted.
(289) 804-3716 View (289) 804-3716
Photo of Mihaela Iacob, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Mihaela Iacob
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5C  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with low mood, anxiety, grief, or a loss of a sense of self that affects aspects of your life? Do you feel exhausted, furstrated, lost by not being in control? Do you wonder how your life would look like if you manage what needs to be managed? You constantly compare yourself to others and how you cannot measure up. You want to feel like you are in control and see changes as you go along. Together, we will develop a plan and determine the best approach that will move your forward. We will utilize your strenghts and resources to live the life you have always envisoned!
Do you struggle with low mood, anxiety, grief, or a loss of a sense of self that affects aspects of your life? Do you feel exhausted, furstrated, lost by not being in control? Do you wonder how your life would look like if you manage what needs to be managed? You constantly compare yourself to others and how you cannot measure up. You want to feel like you are in control and see changes as you go along. Together, we will develop a plan and determine the best approach that will move your forward. We will utilize your strenghts and resources to live the life you have always envisoned!
(437) 747-5247 View (437) 747-5247
Photo of Kimberly Gosselin, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Kimberly Gosselin
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RPQ, MACP, BA
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4T  (Online Only)
It is common for people to come to therapy with feelings of discomfort, confusion and to not know exactly where to start. You do not have to navigate this alone. I am here to help and support you in creating a plan. I am proficient in various evidence-based interventions and have experience providing psychotherapy to address life transitions, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, attachment trauma, unwanted emotional and behavioural patterns, postpartum/perinatal mental health, work-related issues, self-esteem, grief, and more.
It is common for people to come to therapy with feelings of discomfort, confusion and to not know exactly where to start. You do not have to navigate this alone. I am here to help and support you in creating a plan. I am proficient in various evidence-based interventions and have experience providing psychotherapy to address life transitions, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, attachment trauma, unwanted emotional and behavioural patterns, postpartum/perinatal mental health, work-related issues, self-esteem, grief, and more.
(437) 747-7122 View (437) 747-7122
Photo of Victoria Gabriele, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Victoria Gabriele
Registered Social Worker
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6H  (Online Only)
Do you spend too much time worrying about the future or dwelling in the past? Are your fears preventing you from taking steps forward. Are you consumed by doubt and overwhelmed by worry and unwanted, intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts? And the more you try to avoid or fight them, the stickier they become?
Do you spend too much time worrying about the future or dwelling in the past? Are your fears preventing you from taking steps forward. Are you consumed by doubt and overwhelmed by worry and unwanted, intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts? And the more you try to avoid or fight them, the stickier they become?
(647) 905-9299 View (647) 905-9299
Photo of Kelly Linehan, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Kelly Linehan
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, RP-Q
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6P  (Online Only)
I am a witchy herbalist, mother, wanna homesteader and Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying). I take a holistic approach and won't tell you your brain is broken or imbalanced. I'm looking at the big picture of your life. Still, we have days, months, years where we feel really low, off-kilter or super anxious. It can feel powerless to be at the whim of these feelings. When we work together, we get an understanding of the “presenting issue” as therapists like to say then… the GOOD stuff. This is where we look at the ways in which your life, trauma, biology and environment are playing a role in these feelings.
I am a witchy herbalist, mother, wanna homesteader and Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying). I take a holistic approach and won't tell you your brain is broken or imbalanced. I'm looking at the big picture of your life. Still, we have days, months, years where we feel really low, off-kilter or super anxious. It can feel powerless to be at the whim of these feelings. When we work together, we get an understanding of the “presenting issue” as therapists like to say then… the GOOD stuff. This is where we look at the ways in which your life, trauma, biology and environment are playing a role in these feelings.
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Photo of Brooke Koblinsky, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Brooke Koblinsky
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5R
Not accepting new clients
With a specialization in sex therapy and using a range of therapeutic interventions, I support individuals and couples struggling with a number of concerns, including but not limited to: mental health (anxiety, stress, depression, trauma), relationship and intimacy (romantic partners, family of origin) and sexuality (desire, erectile difficulties, pain, sexual trauma).
With a specialization in sex therapy and using a range of therapeutic interventions, I support individuals and couples struggling with a number of concerns, including but not limited to: mental health (anxiety, stress, depression, trauma), relationship and intimacy (romantic partners, family of origin) and sexuality (desire, erectile difficulties, pain, sexual trauma).
(437) 747-8298 View (437) 747-8298
Photo of Andjela Uzelac, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Andjela Uzelac
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), BA, RYT
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4P
I believe in empowering my clients through reclaiming their emotional truth and regaining an awareness of themselves that is holistic in mind, body, and spirit. I apply my education in Spiritual Psychotherapy to work with my clients both therapeutically and energetically. I have a strong integrated approach that encompasses yogic teachings of the chakra system and techniques that allow you to connect with your deeper subconscious experience with creative visualization, breathwork, and somatic experiencing. I focus on reconnecting you from within so that you are empowered to honor your needs and make choices that serve you today.
I believe in empowering my clients through reclaiming their emotional truth and regaining an awareness of themselves that is holistic in mind, body, and spirit. I apply my education in Spiritual Psychotherapy to work with my clients both therapeutically and energetically. I have a strong integrated approach that encompasses yogic teachings of the chakra system and techniques that allow you to connect with your deeper subconscious experience with creative visualization, breathwork, and somatic experiencing. I focus on reconnecting you from within so that you are empowered to honor your needs and make choices that serve you today.
(647) 249-8620 View (647) 249-8620
Photo of Kenza Moller, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Kenza Moller
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5B  (Online Only)
Congratulations on taking this first step towards greater self-discovery. Whether you’re navigating new challenges, struggling with self-doubt or anxiety, or simply feeling stuck, I know firsthand how transformative it can be to get support on your journey.
Congratulations on taking this first step towards greater self-discovery. Whether you’re navigating new challenges, struggling with self-doubt or anxiety, or simply feeling stuck, I know firsthand how transformative it can be to get support on your journey.
(437) 747-3876 View (437) 747-3876
Photo of Laura Hetherington, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Laura Hetherington
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, CCPA, OAMHP, DiplGIT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4Y
* I offer my clients secure video, phone, as well as in person sessions.* My practice includes a range of people and issues and I enjoy that diversity. You bring a curiosity about yourself, your situation and a desire for something different in your life. A common denominator among my clients is your need to be seen and heard for who you are. I am honoured to be an insightful guide to my clients as they discover and express themselves more authentically.
* I offer my clients secure video, phone, as well as in person sessions.* My practice includes a range of people and issues and I enjoy that diversity. You bring a curiosity about yourself, your situation and a desire for something different in your life. A common denominator among my clients is your need to be seen and heard for who you are. I am honoured to be an insightful guide to my clients as they discover and express themselves more authentically.
(289) 809-6130 View (289) 809-6130
Photo of Nicole Sharpe, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Nicole Sharpe
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5A  (Online Only)
I believe that everyone has the capacity for growth and change. If we work together, I’ll empower you to find more effective and flexible ways of navigating your struggles so you can develop your most purposeful life. I’ll work with you to identify thinking and behaviour patterns that aren’t serving you well and help you develop new strategies and coping skills to improve your life.
I believe that everyone has the capacity for growth and change. If we work together, I’ll empower you to find more effective and flexible ways of navigating your struggles so you can develop your most purposeful life. I’ll work with you to identify thinking and behaviour patterns that aren’t serving you well and help you develop new strategies and coping skills to improve your life.
(437) 747-5667 View (437) 747-5667
Photo of Danielle Smyth, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Danielle Smyth
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6H
There are times we may get overwhelmed by our feelings or feel lost and hopeless. It can take a tremendous amount of courage to reach out and ask for help. My role as a social worker is to guide you through the therapeutic process. I offer individual therapy to youth and adults. I help clients seeking support in many areas including anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, low self-esteem, parenting, and more.
There are times we may get overwhelmed by our feelings or feel lost and hopeless. It can take a tremendous amount of courage to reach out and ask for help. My role as a social worker is to guide you through the therapeutic process. I offer individual therapy to youth and adults. I help clients seeking support in many areas including anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, low self-esteem, parenting, and more.
(647) 694-8115 View (647) 694-8115
Photo of Oksana Denysenko, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Oksana Denysenko
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4B
I believe that connections between human beings are the most healing element in therapy. The reason why you would like to find a therapist may vary. To become calm and confident. To gain your power back, to become an author and the owner of your life... To see the forest at last, instead of being lost among the trees...To feel the taste and to start seeing the beauty of life again. To feel the healing power of connection with others. To feel joy without conditions "whens" or "ifs"...To feel that you live, not survive... My clients have different needs and goals in the therapy. Whatever is your need I will be there for you.
I believe that connections between human beings are the most healing element in therapy. The reason why you would like to find a therapist may vary. To become calm and confident. To gain your power back, to become an author and the owner of your life... To see the forest at last, instead of being lost among the trees...To feel the taste and to start seeing the beauty of life again. To feel the healing power of connection with others. To feel joy without conditions "whens" or "ifs"...To feel that you live, not survive... My clients have different needs and goals in the therapy. Whatever is your need I will be there for you.
(289) 272-9042 View (289) 272-9042
Photo of Victoria Pulla, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Victoria Pulla
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4V  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients Online! You're in a cycle feeling trapped by the fear of making a “mistake”, while your mind races through “what if” scenarios, replaying past decisions and assessing if you're measuring up to your own expectations. You’re struggling with overwhelming emotions: sadness, doubt, self-judgement and the urge to please others. Here’s the truth: you’ve already shown inner strength by seeking help. Your recognition for change and transformation are testaments to your desire for growth and fulfillment in life. This desire is the spark that ignites lasting change and I’m here to guide you on this empowering journey!
Accepting New Clients Online! You're in a cycle feeling trapped by the fear of making a “mistake”, while your mind races through “what if” scenarios, replaying past decisions and assessing if you're measuring up to your own expectations. You’re struggling with overwhelming emotions: sadness, doubt, self-judgement and the urge to please others. Here’s the truth: you’ve already shown inner strength by seeking help. Your recognition for change and transformation are testaments to your desire for growth and fulfillment in life. This desire is the spark that ignites lasting change and I’m here to guide you on this empowering journey!
(437) 747-7412 View (437) 747-7412
Photo of Sreedevi Krishnan, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Sreedevi Krishnan
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5B  (Online Only)
Having over 5 years of mental health experience working in various health and education centres, Sreedevi is skilled in providing an integrated approach to therapy, using a client centered, anti-oppressive, and trauma focused lens for anyone experiencing depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, grief & loss, life transitions, relational difficulties, trauma, and school/work stress. Sreedevi incorporates modalities such as mindfulness, self-compassion, dialectical behavioural therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, emotion-focused, and insight-oriented therapy.
Having over 5 years of mental health experience working in various health and education centres, Sreedevi is skilled in providing an integrated approach to therapy, using a client centered, anti-oppressive, and trauma focused lens for anyone experiencing depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, grief & loss, life transitions, relational difficulties, trauma, and school/work stress. Sreedevi incorporates modalities such as mindfulness, self-compassion, dialectical behavioural therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, emotion-focused, and insight-oriented therapy.
(437) 747-4660 View (437) 747-4660
Photo of Hailey Goldberg, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Hailey Goldberg
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5N  (Online Only)
I am a Registered Social Worker (MSW) who is experienced in helping people work through mental health challenges and improve their quality of life. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, Borderline Personality Disorder, self-harming behaviours, as well as suicidal ideations. I believe that every person can benefit from talking with a counsellor; there is no problem too big or too small. I am passionate about mental health and dedicated to enriching the lives of my clients. Together we can work to identify your strengths and achieve wellness.
I am a Registered Social Worker (MSW) who is experienced in helping people work through mental health challenges and improve their quality of life. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, Borderline Personality Disorder, self-harming behaviours, as well as suicidal ideations. I believe that every person can benefit from talking with a counsellor; there is no problem too big or too small. I am passionate about mental health and dedicated to enriching the lives of my clients. Together we can work to identify your strengths and achieve wellness.
(647) 691-0223 View (647) 691-0223
Photo of Asha daCosta, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Asha daCosta
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MEd
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6G  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
We are all looking for that best version of our Selves that we know is somewhere in us. And it's not always easy to find. If you find yourself struggling, feeling stuck, tracing over the same patterns, or navigating through a difficult transition and can't quite find your way, I am here to help you access your inner wisdom to find your way to your best Self.
We are all looking for that best version of our Selves that we know is somewhere in us. And it's not always easy to find. If you find yourself struggling, feeling stuck, tracing over the same patterns, or navigating through a difficult transition and can't quite find your way, I am here to help you access your inner wisdom to find your way to your best Self.
(647) 360-8291 View (647) 360-8291
Photo of Restorative Roots Therapy, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Restorative Roots Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5V  (Online Only)
If you’ve landed here, it means you’ve taken the first (and often hardest!) step towards prioritizing your mental well-being and embarking on your path to healing. We understand the importance of connecting to the right therapist for you as you start this journey. At Restorative Roots Therapy, we provide an individualized therapy process, focusing on creating a genuine connection with you and aiming to truly understand your unique needs and experiences. We believe in addressing deeper concerns and empowering you to cultivate self-acceptance and a meaningful life in line with your true values and goals.
If you’ve landed here, it means you’ve taken the first (and often hardest!) step towards prioritizing your mental well-being and embarking on your path to healing. We understand the importance of connecting to the right therapist for you as you start this journey. At Restorative Roots Therapy, we provide an individualized therapy process, focusing on creating a genuine connection with you and aiming to truly understand your unique needs and experiences. We believe in addressing deeper concerns and empowering you to cultivate self-acceptance and a meaningful life in line with your true values and goals.
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Photo of Jennifer Wong, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Jennifer Wong
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP, CCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6G
It can be intimidating and overwhelming when looking to start therapy, and my goal is to make sure that you feel comfortable and heard. I believe it is important to create a bond of trust in order to understand and meet your needs as an individual. I am an empathic listener and a creative thinker when it comes to tailoring my approach to best suit you. I am committed to meeting you where you are in life and seeing the best in you, while supporting and challenging you to be your best self.
It can be intimidating and overwhelming when looking to start therapy, and my goal is to make sure that you feel comfortable and heard. I believe it is important to create a bond of trust in order to understand and meet your needs as an individual. I am an empathic listener and a creative thinker when it comes to tailoring my approach to best suit you. I am committed to meeting you where you are in life and seeing the best in you, while supporting and challenging you to be your best self.
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Photo of Taylor Essery, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Taylor Essery
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MSc
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5A
Are you struggling with anxious thoughts that consume your daily life and affect your sense of self? Maybe you are navigating relationship issues or a breakup that feels difficult to manage. Are you looking to strengthen your relationship with your body and transform negative beliefs you hold about yourself? Are you a couple struggling with clear communication that hinders your ability to truly connect with one another? If you are interested in building stronger connections, both with yourself or your partner - I can help.
Are you struggling with anxious thoughts that consume your daily life and affect your sense of self? Maybe you are navigating relationship issues or a breakup that feels difficult to manage. Are you looking to strengthen your relationship with your body and transform negative beliefs you hold about yourself? Are you a couple struggling with clear communication that hinders your ability to truly connect with one another? If you are interested in building stronger connections, both with yourself or your partner - I can help.
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See more therapy options for Toronto

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Toronto, ON

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Toronto, ON who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
84% Self Esteem
80% Stress
72% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% Green Shield Canada
61% SunLife
57% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Toronto, ON see their clients

51% In Person and Online
49% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
16% Male
3% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Toronto?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.