Therapists in Toronto, ON

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Photo of Jeff Mintz, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Jeff Mintz
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4N
Accepting New Clients - We view life as a journey and there are endless possibilities and challenges involved in that process. We are all capable of living our lives to a far greater potential than we do. To achieve our potential we need to develop our inherently creative selves by using our imaginations to allow us to tap into our higher selves. Jeff Mintz is a registered social worker with over 30 years experience, specializing in working with people of all ages to maximize their potential. He is a mediator, facilitator, author, clinician who uses creativity and imagination to help people achieve their best.
Accepting New Clients - We view life as a journey and there are endless possibilities and challenges involved in that process. We are all capable of living our lives to a far greater potential than we do. To achieve our potential we need to develop our inherently creative selves by using our imaginations to allow us to tap into our higher selves. Jeff Mintz is a registered social worker with over 30 years experience, specializing in working with people of all ages to maximize their potential. He is a mediator, facilitator, author, clinician who uses creativity and imagination to help people achieve their best.
(289) 677-1503 View (289) 677-1503
Photo of Jennifer Leong, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Jennifer Leong
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4E  (Online Only)
People connect with me to help understand and address the negative impact of how they were raised, specifically within Asian cultures. You are someone who had a difficult childhood upbringing leaving you feeling unloved, unheard and unseen. Who tends to be a people pleaser and can't say "no" to others. You are overly critical and doubt yourself. You experience low self-worth and self-esteem. Feeling unsatisfied in yourself and in your relationships. Someone who fears failure, judgement, rejection and abandonment. Someone who constantly feels anxious because you're unsure of yourself and needs, and lacks independence.
People connect with me to help understand and address the negative impact of how they were raised, specifically within Asian cultures. You are someone who had a difficult childhood upbringing leaving you feeling unloved, unheard and unseen. Who tends to be a people pleaser and can't say "no" to others. You are overly critical and doubt yourself. You experience low self-worth and self-esteem. Feeling unsatisfied in yourself and in your relationships. Someone who fears failure, judgement, rejection and abandonment. Someone who constantly feels anxious because you're unsure of yourself and needs, and lacks independence.
(289) 302-5498 View (289) 302-5498
Photo of Parisa Nia, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Parisa Nia
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MA, BA, BSc
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4Y
Everyone's mental health struggles are unique and complex. Seeking help for mental health issues is often a difficult decision to make, and I am here to support you every step of the way. Your mental health challenges can affect every aspect of your life, from your personal relationships to your work or school performance. It can be hard to talk about your experiences with others and that you may feel misunderstood or stigmatized. I want you to know that I am here to listen to you and provide a safe and non-judgmental space to explore your thoughts, emotions, and reclaim your path to a fulfilling life.
Everyone's mental health struggles are unique and complex. Seeking help for mental health issues is often a difficult decision to make, and I am here to support you every step of the way. Your mental health challenges can affect every aspect of your life, from your personal relationships to your work or school performance. It can be hard to talk about your experiences with others and that you may feel misunderstood or stigmatized. I want you to know that I am here to listen to you and provide a safe and non-judgmental space to explore your thoughts, emotions, and reclaim your path to a fulfilling life.
(647) 490-4136 View (647) 490-4136
Photo of Olivia Roblin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Toronto, ON
Olivia Roblin
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4E  (Online Only)
The complexities of trauma can have a profound effect on us physically, emotionally, and spiritually. I work with you as a gentle and compassionate guide as we navigate the core wounds and hidden elements in the depths of the mind, body, and soul. I believe we all possess an inner compass that knows what we need in order to heal and enrich our lives. I can help you discover and develop yours. I offer you a safe space that welcomes the whole self, to not only address presenting issues, but also to uncover underlying feelings and influences that may be hidden within.
The complexities of trauma can have a profound effect on us physically, emotionally, and spiritually. I work with you as a gentle and compassionate guide as we navigate the core wounds and hidden elements in the depths of the mind, body, and soul. I believe we all possess an inner compass that knows what we need in order to heal and enrich our lives. I can help you discover and develop yours. I offer you a safe space that welcomes the whole self, to not only address presenting issues, but also to uncover underlying feelings and influences that may be hidden within.
(647) 846-0254 View (647) 846-0254
Photo of Karlee Kuz, Counsellor in Toronto, ON
Karlee Kuz
Counsellor, BHEcol, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5C
It is easy to get stuck in the motions of life and bury ourselves in distractions. Do you tend to keep busy, do you feel anxiousness in your downtime, do you experience ‘brain fog’ and disassociation, do you feel like you're doing too much and not enough all at the same time? These feelings are valid and deserve exploration. That feeling of my ‘life is okay but I feel unfulfilled, tired, anxious, sad, overwhelmed'. It is okay to make a big deal out of what feels big to you! There is no getting a pass from tough times but there are tools to get through the tough times you are facing and I’d love to work on these with you.
It is easy to get stuck in the motions of life and bury ourselves in distractions. Do you tend to keep busy, do you feel anxiousness in your downtime, do you experience ‘brain fog’ and disassociation, do you feel like you're doing too much and not enough all at the same time? These feelings are valid and deserve exploration. That feeling of my ‘life is okay but I feel unfulfilled, tired, anxious, sad, overwhelmed'. It is okay to make a big deal out of what feels big to you! There is no getting a pass from tough times but there are tools to get through the tough times you are facing and I’d love to work on these with you.
(431) 244-4937 View (431) 244-4937
Photo of Beetle&Bear:Child, Youth, & Family Therapy Network, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Beetle&Bear:Child, Youth, & Family Therapy Network
Registered Social Worker
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4C
We are a group of diversely trained health professionals working with children, youth, and families. We have a location in the East End of Toronto.
We are a group of diversely trained health professionals working with children, youth, and families. We have a location in the East End of Toronto.
(437) 800-1861 View (437) 800-1861
Photo of Dr. Carmen Raina Lalonde, Psychologist in Toronto, ON
Dr. Carmen Raina Lalonde
Psychologist, PsyD, CPsych
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4T
Carmen is a proponent of third-wave therapies and primarily works within a DBT framework. She strongly believes in using a relational and behavioural approach to deliver evidence-based interventions that are client-focused and embedded in culturally affirming care. Carmen is intensively trained in implementing DBT across the lifespan and is board-certified through the DBT-Linehan Board of Certification. She is intensively trained in providing DBT-C, DBT-A, Standard DBT for Adults, DBT for couples and families, DBT-PE for trauma and DBT-SUD for substance use disorders.
Carmen is a proponent of third-wave therapies and primarily works within a DBT framework. She strongly believes in using a relational and behavioural approach to deliver evidence-based interventions that are client-focused and embedded in culturally affirming care. Carmen is intensively trained in implementing DBT across the lifespan and is board-certified through the DBT-Linehan Board of Certification. She is intensively trained in providing DBT-C, DBT-A, Standard DBT for Adults, DBT for couples and families, DBT-PE for trauma and DBT-SUD for substance use disorders.
(437) 747-5126 View (437) 747-5126
Photo of Juliet Donald, Psychologist in Toronto, ON
Juliet Donald
Psychologist, CPsych, PhD
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4L
Not accepting new clients
Over the past decade I have worked as a psychologist assisting a range of clients find the positive change they are looking for. I work by developing a collaborative relationship in which we identify areas for change, and set goals for personal improvement and symptom relief. In our first session, I will take a detailed history to get a firm sense of who you are, and where you would like to see yourself. We will address difficulties in your life, and just as importantly focus on your strengths, successes and personal resiliency.
Over the past decade I have worked as a psychologist assisting a range of clients find the positive change they are looking for. I work by developing a collaborative relationship in which we identify areas for change, and set goals for personal improvement and symptom relief. In our first session, I will take a detailed history to get a firm sense of who you are, and where you would like to see yourself. We will address difficulties in your life, and just as importantly focus on your strengths, successes and personal resiliency.
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Photo of Seul (Mackenzie) Lee, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Seul (Mackenzie) Lee
Registered Social Worker, MSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M2N
Hello! I'm Seul (Mackenzie) Lee, a registered social worker committed to helping individuals like you navigate life's challenges, cultivate emotional well-being, and discover their full potential. With warmth, empathy, and expertise, I provide a safe and supportive space where you can explore your inner world, make connections, and create changes.
Hello! I'm Seul (Mackenzie) Lee, a registered social worker committed to helping individuals like you navigate life's challenges, cultivate emotional well-being, and discover their full potential. With warmth, empathy, and expertise, I provide a safe and supportive space where you can explore your inner world, make connections, and create changes.
(289) 769-9467 View (289) 769-9467
Photo of Nikoo Shirazi, Psychologist in Toronto, ON
Nikoo Shirazi
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6R
Overthinking about the past and worrying about the future can get in the way of connecting with our true selves and the present world. As your therapist, I will help you to overcome these barriers to living a happier, more fulfilled life. In my therapeutic approach, I bring my compassion and enthusiasm to help you explore your experiences that contribute to your difficulties. Together we will draw on your strengths to create positive and lasting changes. I draw on culturally-sensitive and trauma-informed models to make sure we address your specific needs and goals.
Overthinking about the past and worrying about the future can get in the way of connecting with our true selves and the present world. As your therapist, I will help you to overcome these barriers to living a happier, more fulfilled life. In my therapeutic approach, I bring my compassion and enthusiasm to help you explore your experiences that contribute to your difficulties. Together we will draw on your strengths to create positive and lasting changes. I draw on culturally-sensitive and trauma-informed models to make sure we address your specific needs and goals.
(647) 371-1767 x200 View (647) 371-1767 x200
Photo of Shannon Kane, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Shannon Kane
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP (Q), CRPO, MACP, BA
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5V  (Online Only)
Struggling with low self-esteem? Looking to unlock your full potential? Trauma can manifest differently in each individual. Shannon Kane, a compassionate mental health professional at Canadian Therapy, employs a somatic approach to create a relaxed mindset and facilitate open dialogue. Whether dealing with anxiety, depression, borderline personality disorder, or aiming for psychological flexibility, Shannon believes in cultivating a safe environment.
Struggling with low self-esteem? Looking to unlock your full potential? Trauma can manifest differently in each individual. Shannon Kane, a compassionate mental health professional at Canadian Therapy, employs a somatic approach to create a relaxed mindset and facilitate open dialogue. Whether dealing with anxiety, depression, borderline personality disorder, or aiming for psychological flexibility, Shannon believes in cultivating a safe environment.
(437) 747-3832 View (437) 747-3832
Photo of Kate Little, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Kate Little
Registered Psychotherapist, BPHE, MACP, RP
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M6S
We all deserve unwavering support and empathy throughout our life's journey. Facing life's challenges, be it transitions, emotional lows, stressors, or grief, is part of our shared human experience. My therapeutic approach is grounded in compassion and sincere curiosity. I create a nurturing space for individuals to freely share their unique narratives, fostering a secure environment where thoughts and emotions can be openly expressed.
We all deserve unwavering support and empathy throughout our life's journey. Facing life's challenges, be it transitions, emotional lows, stressors, or grief, is part of our shared human experience. My therapeutic approach is grounded in compassion and sincere curiosity. I create a nurturing space for individuals to freely share their unique narratives, fostering a secure environment where thoughts and emotions can be openly expressed.
(647) 692-2628 View (647) 692-2628
Photo of Rooted Therapy, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Rooted Therapy
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, B-Ed, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M9N
You deserve to feel supported. You deserve to be heard. Whether you are coming to therapy in a moment of crisis, years of stress and pain, or just needing another person to share your more guarded thoughts with- therapy is for you. Come as you are.
You deserve to feel supported. You deserve to be heard. Whether you are coming to therapy in a moment of crisis, years of stress and pain, or just needing another person to share your more guarded thoughts with- therapy is for you. Come as you are.
(365) 607-8303 View (365) 607-8303
Photo of Jansu Edis, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Jansu Edis
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, BA(Hon), BA, CRPO, OAMHP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5A  (Online Only)
Welcome to a brave space where judgment is replaced with acceptance, allowing you to get to know & embrace your authentic self. Here, individuals & partners are invited to truly FEEL, guided by my commitment to fostering understanding, well-being & joy. The rough bits of life were never meant to be faced alone & chances are you already recognize that avoiding your feelings have not been helpful. This is where I come in. I specialize in relationship & individual therapy, supporting you in navigating life's challenges, focusing on decreasing shoulds & shame while amplifying the values that lead to a more fulfilling & joyous life.
Welcome to a brave space where judgment is replaced with acceptance, allowing you to get to know & embrace your authentic self. Here, individuals & partners are invited to truly FEEL, guided by my commitment to fostering understanding, well-being & joy. The rough bits of life were never meant to be faced alone & chances are you already recognize that avoiding your feelings have not been helpful. This is where I come in. I specialize in relationship & individual therapy, supporting you in navigating life's challenges, focusing on decreasing shoulds & shame while amplifying the values that lead to a more fulfilling & joyous life.
(647) 947-7705 View (647) 947-7705
Photo of Sarah McCarthy, Registered Psychotherapist in Toronto, ON
Sarah McCarthy
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
15 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M5A  (Online Only)
Many of my clients come to therapy because they feel discouraged that the people around them appear to not understand the personal challenges they're facing in their lives. In attempting to talk about simple daily struggles, friends, family and co-workers often give advice or put a positive spin on what's hard. This can leave us feeling inadequate that we seem to be baffled by things that others appear to have figured out. As humans we need understanding and acceptance in order that we can continue to grow: and this is support you can find in good therapy.
Many of my clients come to therapy because they feel discouraged that the people around them appear to not understand the personal challenges they're facing in their lives. In attempting to talk about simple daily struggles, friends, family and co-workers often give advice or put a positive spin on what's hard. This can leave us feeling inadequate that we seem to be baffled by things that others appear to have figured out. As humans we need understanding and acceptance in order that we can continue to grow: and this is support you can find in good therapy.
(289) 278-8721 View (289) 278-8721
Photo of Andrew Hinkle, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Andrew Hinkle
Registered Social Worker, BSW, RSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6G
Change is an inevitable part of life, and while it is natural and we change in ways we desire and appreciate, life can demand that we change in ways that seem difficult or even impossible. We hope to experience excitement, confidence, clarity and good fortune, but are met with disappointment, pain, confusion, and loss. Our ways of coping, while effective at times, can become insufficient at other times. We handle distressing beliefs and burdens by turning to internet surfing, food, alcohol and drug use, porn and other pleasurable yet distracting activities that keep unwanted feelings at bay.
Change is an inevitable part of life, and while it is natural and we change in ways we desire and appreciate, life can demand that we change in ways that seem difficult or even impossible. We hope to experience excitement, confidence, clarity and good fortune, but are met with disappointment, pain, confusion, and loss. Our ways of coping, while effective at times, can become insufficient at other times. We handle distressing beliefs and burdens by turning to internet surfing, food, alcohol and drug use, porn and other pleasurable yet distracting activities that keep unwanted feelings at bay.
(647) 933-1058 View (647) 933-1058
Photo of Samantha Rajchel, Registered Social Worker in Toronto, ON
Samantha Rajchel
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M5N  (Online Only)
You may be struggling with anxiety, relationships, self esteem issues, feeling stressed or overwhelmed. My clients come to therapy because they are experiencing some or all of these challenges and are looking to feel better. Therapy can bring a different perspective to the difficulties you are experiencing and can provide you with the direction and confidence to achieve your goals, live in accordance to your values, and feel better. You are not alone and you don’t have to figure it all out by yourself. I would like to help.
You may be struggling with anxiety, relationships, self esteem issues, feeling stressed or overwhelmed. My clients come to therapy because they are experiencing some or all of these challenges and are looking to feel better. Therapy can bring a different perspective to the difficulties you are experiencing and can provide you with the direction and confidence to achieve your goals, live in accordance to your values, and feel better. You are not alone and you don’t have to figure it all out by yourself. I would like to help.
(647) 492-3849 View (647) 492-3849
Photo of Shehroz Shahid, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Shehroz Shahid
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, BEd, BA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M4W
Welcome to your space for authentic self-exploration, emotional healing, and self-discovery. As a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) and MA in Counselling Psychology student under clinical supervision, I commit to creating a safe and non-judgmental environment for you. I specialize in supporting clients dealing with trauma, relationship challenges, depression, addiction, and identity crises.
Welcome to your space for authentic self-exploration, emotional healing, and self-discovery. As a Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) and MA in Counselling Psychology student under clinical supervision, I commit to creating a safe and non-judgmental environment for you. I specialize in supporting clients dealing with trauma, relationship challenges, depression, addiction, and identity crises.
(437) 747-4906 View (437) 747-4906
Photo of Catherine Marrion in Toronto, ON
Catherine Marrion
MA, MFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Toronto, ON M6R
In my private practice as an expressive arts therapist I use the arts along with conversation and reflection, to help clients get ‘unstuck,’ uncover resources for change and growth, live with suffering when necessary and celebrate the joy of life as we humans always have -- by making meaning through making art. Increasingly, I also draw on Internal Family Systems (working with our "parts") to support and inform a safe and effective healing environment. I work with clients suffering from anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, creative blocks, eating disorders, physical illness, grief, trauma and sexual abuse.
In my private practice as an expressive arts therapist I use the arts along with conversation and reflection, to help clients get ‘unstuck,’ uncover resources for change and growth, live with suffering when necessary and celebrate the joy of life as we humans always have -- by making meaning through making art. Increasingly, I also draw on Internal Family Systems (working with our "parts") to support and inform a safe and effective healing environment. I work with clients suffering from anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, creative blocks, eating disorders, physical illness, grief, trauma and sexual abuse.
(647) 490-8702 View (647) 490-8702
Photo of Elizabeth Hill, Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying) in Toronto, ON
Elizabeth Hill
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
Toronto, ON M4P
My area of interest lies in women’s mental health, with an emphasis on providing empathetic care to women navigating the intricate challenges of the reproductive years. From the arduous path of conception to the complexities of the postpartum experience, I support individuals grappling with the emotional, psychological, and relational aspects of this transformative phase. Grounded within an integrated Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) framework, I aim to empower individuals in reclaiming control over their lives and their mental wellbeing so they can see a path forward.
My area of interest lies in women’s mental health, with an emphasis on providing empathetic care to women navigating the intricate challenges of the reproductive years. From the arduous path of conception to the complexities of the postpartum experience, I support individuals grappling with the emotional, psychological, and relational aspects of this transformative phase. Grounded within an integrated Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) framework, I aim to empower individuals in reclaiming control over their lives and their mental wellbeing so they can see a path forward.
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See more therapy options for Toronto

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Toronto, ON

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in Toronto, ON who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
84% Self Esteem
80% Stress
72% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% Green Shield Canada
61% SunLife
57% Canada Life | Great-West Life

How Counsellors in Toronto, ON see their clients

51% In Person and Online
49% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
16% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Toronto?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.