Life Coaching Therapists in Surrey, BC

Photo of Paula Bude, Counsellor, MEd, RCC-ACS, CCC, CHyp
Paula Bude
Counsellor, MEd, RCC-ACS, CCC, CHyp
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V4A
Counselling with Paula is an invitation to deepen your engagement with the life you have, since that is the best way to have the life you want.
Mental health is not just the absence of illness; it is also the presence of wellbeing. In order to reduce undesirable symptoms while increasing the presence of desirable states of being, Paula utilizes: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Emotion Focused Therapy, Hypnotherapy, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy and Yoga movement.
Counselling with Paula is an invitation to deepen your engagement with the life you have, since that is the best way to have the life you want.
Mental health is not just the absence of illness; it is also the presence of wellbeing. In order to reduce undesirable symptoms while increasing the presence of desirable states of being, Paula utilizes: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Emotion Focused Therapy, Hypnotherapy, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy and Yoga movement.
(604) 229-4043 View (604) 229-4043
Photo of Dominika Nelly Szymanska - McDonald, MA, CCC, BCaBA
Dominika Nelly Szymanska - McDonald
MA, CCC, BCaBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V4A
Currently, Dominika’s focus lies in guiding teens and young adults through their major life transitions, and helping them navigate their peer and family relations, academic pursuits, career goals and existential challenges.
Her approach is multimodal and multidimensional, which is to integrate different types of interventions based on individual client’s needs. The types of treatment in which Dominika is trained and experienced, include behavior therapy, cognitive-behavior therapy, Acceptance Commitment, mindfulness, The Narrative Approach, and art-based counselling.
Currently, Dominika’s focus lies in guiding teens and young adults through their major life transitions, and helping them navigate their peer and family relations, academic pursuits, career goals and existential challenges.
Her approach is multimodal and multidimensional, which is to integrate different types of interventions based on individual client’s needs. The types of treatment in which Dominika is trained and experienced, include behavior therapy, cognitive-behavior therapy, Acceptance Commitment, mindfulness, The Narrative Approach, and art-based counselling.
(709) 703-8733 View (709) 703-8733
Photo of Sara Jaswal - Sara Jaswal | Grief & Loss Practitioner, Counsellor, Coach, RTC, EDU
Sara Jaswal | Grief & Loss Practitioner
Counsellor, Coach, RTC, EDU
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3S
Grief is a deeply personal journey, and it’s not just about losing someone you love but also encompasses non-death losses such as life transitions, chronic health conditions, and other significant changes.
My holistic approach embraces every part of you; mental, emotional, physical & spiritual. I offer a warm, supportive space for you to share your story, your pain, your memories, and hopes without fear of judgment. Here, your grief will be seen, heard, and felt. Together, we will honor your grief while finding the strength to rebuild your life in a new way.
Grief is a deeply personal journey, and it’s not just about losing someone you love but also encompasses non-death losses such as life transitions, chronic health conditions, and other significant changes.
My holistic approach embraces every part of you; mental, emotional, physical & spiritual. I offer a warm, supportive space for you to share your story, your pain, your memories, and hopes without fear of judgment. Here, your grief will be seen, heard, and felt. Together, we will honor your grief while finding the strength to rebuild your life in a new way.
(249) 559-1424 View (249) 559-1424
Photo of Cameron Grunbaum, Counsellor, BHKIN, MA, CCC, RCC
Cameron Grunbaum
Counsellor, BHKIN, MA, CCC, RCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Then we make a tangible plan to break the cycles, resolve your traumas, learn practical strategies to support yourself outside of session, and ensure you are continuously improving your life and relationships.
I help men that: struggle to understand and communicate emotions so instead bottle them up; overwhelmed with anxiety and anger; feel helpless and passive; suppress their feelings; get stuck in depression; have low self-esteem; people pleasers; tried counselling but never discovered the roots of their issues, their progress plateaued, or didn't gain anything from it; and who struggle to achieve deep, lasting changes in their feelings, thoughts, and behaviours. If you resonate with any of the above, you are ready to stop talking in circles about your issues and start tackling your problems head-on to make real progress.
Then we make a tangible plan to break the cycles, resolve your traumas, learn practical strategies to support yourself outside of session, and ensure you are continuously improving your life and relationships.
I help men that: struggle to understand and communicate emotions so instead bottle them up; overwhelmed with anxiety and anger; feel helpless and passive; suppress their feelings; get stuck in depression; have low self-esteem; people pleasers; tried counselling but never discovered the roots of their issues, their progress plateaued, or didn't gain anything from it; and who struggle to achieve deep, lasting changes in their feelings, thoughts, and behaviours. If you resonate with any of the above, you are ready to stop talking in circles about your issues and start tackling your problems head-on to make real progress.
(506) 497-6402 View (506) 497-6402
Photo of Dr. Janine Orlando - Magnolia Health & Wellness Inc., Counsellor, PhD, MA, BA, RCC, ACS
Magnolia Health & Wellness Inc.
Counsellor, PhD, MA, BA, RCC, ACS
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Have you ever questioned if life should feel more fulfilling and happier?.
At Magnolia Health and Wellness, we offer personalized plans to help you overcome challenges and achieve your goals. Our inclusive and safe environment caters to both in-person and virtual appointments. Whether it's setting boundaries, navigating life transitions, or changing limiting behaviour patterns, we're passionate about assisting you.
Have you ever questioned if life should feel more fulfilling and happier?.
At Magnolia Health and Wellness, we offer personalized plans to help you overcome challenges and achieve your goals. Our inclusive and safe environment caters to both in-person and virtual appointments. Whether it's setting boundaries, navigating life transitions, or changing limiting behaviour patterns, we're passionate about assisting you.
(778) 761-5405 View (778) 761-5405
Photo of John Frederickson, Counsellor, MEd, RTC
John Frederickson
Counsellor, MEd, RTC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
In my 50s, my marriage ended, and my life fell apart.
Do you feel ALIVE - do you have energy, purpose and satisfying relationships? Or, are you just going through the motions, maybe even struggling. Could your relationships be better? Do you blame yourself? Do you distract yourself with social media, gaming, online pursuits, alcohol, recreational substances, Netflix or work? Do you feel empty, angry, sad? It’s time to stop running on a grim treadmill of patterns and repetition that aren't working the way you want them to. It's time to to take some time and be with what is going on inside. You're worth it. You can become the person you want to be. I can help.
In my 50s, my marriage ended, and my life fell apart.
Do you feel ALIVE - do you have energy, purpose and satisfying relationships? Or, are you just going through the motions, maybe even struggling. Could your relationships be better? Do you blame yourself? Do you distract yourself with social media, gaming, online pursuits, alcohol, recreational substances, Netflix or work? Do you feel empty, angry, sad? It’s time to stop running on a grim treadmill of patterns and repetition that aren't working the way you want them to. It's time to to take some time and be with what is going on inside. You're worth it. You can become the person you want to be. I can help.
(587) 809-6854 View (587) 809-6854
Photo of Kim Leslie - Clearish Coaching & Counselling, Counsellor, MEd, RCC, CVRP/F
Clearish Coaching & Counselling
Counsellor, MEd, RCC, CVRP/F
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Counselling with a coaching approach is provided to help with clear goal setting, generating possibilities, performance enhancement, and taking action toward your dreams and goals.
I help Highly Sensitive Persons (HSPs), mid-career professionals, and young adults who are looking for direction or who feel unhappy or stuck in their careers. I guide you to consider your natural strengths, interests, values, and skills, and from there look at possible careers or career shifts to consider, and then steps that you can take to move forward in an informed and confident way. I address barriers that may prevent you from achieving your goals such as anxiety, negative beliefs, imposter syndrome, overthinking, procrastination, overwhelm, stress, and low self-esteem.
Counselling with a coaching approach is provided to help with clear goal setting, generating possibilities, performance enhancement, and taking action toward your dreams and goals.
I help Highly Sensitive Persons (HSPs), mid-career professionals, and young adults who are looking for direction or who feel unhappy or stuck in their careers. I guide you to consider your natural strengths, interests, values, and skills, and from there look at possible careers or career shifts to consider, and then steps that you can take to move forward in an informed and confident way. I address barriers that may prevent you from achieving your goals such as anxiety, negative beliefs, imposter syndrome, overthinking, procrastination, overwhelm, stress, and low self-esteem.
View
Photo of Gerry Bock, Counsellor, MA, CTS, RCC
Gerry Bock
Counsellor, MA, CTS, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V4N
Our overall goal is to empower you to overcome life's toughest challenges.
We welcome the opportunity to assist with Depression, Resolving Stress, Anxiety, Fear and Panic, Restoring Relationships for Couples and Families (including Reunification), and Resolution of Trauma in a life changing manner.
Our overall goal is to empower you to overcome life's toughest challenges.
We welcome the opportunity to assist with Depression, Resolving Stress, Anxiety, Fear and Panic, Restoring Relationships for Couples and Families (including Reunification), and Resolution of Trauma in a life changing manner.
(604) 330-1418 View (604) 330-1418
Photo of Stefan Malloch - Inside Out Success Coaching & Hypnotherapy, CHT, NLP, HNLP, Coach, Trainer
Inside Out Success Coaching & Hypnotherapy
CHT, NLP, HNLP, Coach, Trainer
Verified Verified
Surrey, BC V3S
More importantly, I help give my clients a foundation of thinking that give them the tools and the ability to make better life decisions moving forward!.
I am proud to specialize in Permanent Weight loss, Anxiety & Depression, habits (including quit smoking!), IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome), stress control (relaxation), Career Goals and Finding Passion and Purpose through Self Discovery. Real, subconscious change is possible. Whatever your issues or situation, I want to help! Contact me today!
More importantly, I help give my clients a foundation of thinking that give them the tools and the ability to make better life decisions moving forward!.
I am proud to specialize in Permanent Weight loss, Anxiety & Depression, habits (including quit smoking!), IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome), stress control (relaxation), Career Goals and Finding Passion and Purpose through Self Discovery. Real, subconscious change is possible. Whatever your issues or situation, I want to help! Contact me today!
(778) 888-7720 View (778) 888-7720
Photo of Andrew Simmons, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, MSW, RSW
Andrew Simmons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3S
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges, struggling with anxiety, or facing difficult transitions?.
My specialties include anxiety, depression, relationships, life transitions, complex trauma, youth, and supporting LGBTQIA+ folks. I offer personalized therapy, tools for coping, and a safe space to explore and heal. Let me help you find your path to emotional well-being and personal growth.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges, struggling with anxiety, or facing difficult transitions?.
My specialties include anxiety, depression, relationships, life transitions, complex trauma, youth, and supporting LGBTQIA+ folks. I offer personalized therapy, tools for coping, and a safe space to explore and heal. Let me help you find your path to emotional well-being and personal growth.
(506) 713-2865 View (506) 713-2865
Photo of Brenda Randhawa, Counsellor, RTC, RPC-C
Brenda Randhawa
Counsellor, RTC, RPC-C
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3W
It’s common for transitions in life to bring up heavy emotions.
I am here to support you on this journey. As a therapeutic counselor, I offer a safe and supportive space free of judgment to be your true authentic self. I believe it is necessary to go backwards to understand how we can move forward. Our experiences and the decisions we made in the past, influence how we show up in our current relationships.
It’s common for transitions in life to bring up heavy emotions.
I am here to support you on this journey. As a therapeutic counselor, I offer a safe and supportive space free of judgment to be your true authentic self. I believe it is necessary to go backwards to understand how we can move forward. Our experiences and the decisions we made in the past, influence how we show up in our current relationships.
(204) 817-0692 View (204) 817-0692
Photo of Sadaf Nazari, Counsellor, RCC
Sadaf Nazari
Counsellor, RCC
Verified Verified
Surrey, BC V3Z
Through a compassionate and highly personalized approach, I can help you restore balance in your life.
I primarily integrate humanistic modalities in my work, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and dialectic behavioural therapy (DBT). However, I also draw from other methodologies, such as Internal Family Systems (IFS), Somatic Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy. I believe in combining cognitive, emotional, and somatic aspects of therapy.
Through a compassionate and highly personalized approach, I can help you restore balance in your life.
I primarily integrate humanistic modalities in my work, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and dialectic behavioural therapy (DBT). However, I also draw from other methodologies, such as Internal Family Systems (IFS), Somatic Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy. I believe in combining cognitive, emotional, and somatic aspects of therapy.
(343) 801-3493 View (343) 801-3493
Photo of Dr. Augustine Parattukudi, Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, RP, RCC
Dr. Augustine Parattukudi
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, RP, RCC
Verified Verified
Surrey, BC V3S
The practice of psychotherapy and counselling has convinced me about the human potential to withstand and recover some of the most debilitating situations of life.
My approach to psychotherapy is to facilitate the much-needed relational healing space through connectedness and compassion coupled with a very committed journey to find possible remedies of pain and trauma. This is made possible through a unique personalized treatment protocol inspired by cognitive, psychodynamic, behavioural, somatic, relational and spiritual approaches. I make use of the approaches from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Somatic Experiencing Techniques, Hypnotherapy, Neuro Linguistic Programing, various trauma and PTSD treatment methods, attachment and relational approaches in treatment. Additional to my registration with the College of Psychotherapists of Ontario (CRPO) and membership with the British Columbia Association of Clinical Counselors, and an affiliate member with Canadian Association of Marriage and Family Therapists (CAMFT).
The practice of psychotherapy and counselling has convinced me about the human potential to withstand and recover some of the most debilitating situations of life.
My approach to psychotherapy is to facilitate the much-needed relational healing space through connectedness and compassion coupled with a very committed journey to find possible remedies of pain and trauma. This is made possible through a unique personalized treatment protocol inspired by cognitive, psychodynamic, behavioural, somatic, relational and spiritual approaches. I make use of the approaches from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Somatic Experiencing Techniques, Hypnotherapy, Neuro Linguistic Programing, various trauma and PTSD treatment methods, attachment and relational approaches in treatment. Additional to my registration with the College of Psychotherapists of Ontario (CRPO) and membership with the British Columbia Association of Clinical Counselors, and an affiliate member with Canadian Association of Marriage and Family Therapists (CAMFT).
(587) 856-5310 View (587) 856-5310
Photo of Kamal Badesha, Counsellor, MTC, MALead, BScPN, RPN
Kamal Badesha
Counsellor, MTC, MALead, BScPN, RPN
Verified Verified
Surrey, BC V3S
Whether you’re dealing with depression, anxiety, stress, substance use, caregiver burnout, or everyday life challenges, a holistic approach that addresses both psychological and physical well-being can be highly beneficial.
I am a mental health professional with dual qualifications as a credentialed counsellor and a registered psychiatric nurse. This combination of expertise allows me to offer a comprehensive approach to mental health care, including assessments, therapy, and medication management, and support various mental health issues tailored to meet your unique needs.
Whether you’re dealing with depression, anxiety, stress, substance use, caregiver burnout, or everyday life challenges, a holistic approach that addresses both psychological and physical well-being can be highly beneficial.
I am a mental health professional with dual qualifications as a credentialed counsellor and a registered psychiatric nurse. This combination of expertise allows me to offer a comprehensive approach to mental health care, including assessments, therapy, and medication management, and support various mental health issues tailored to meet your unique needs.
(867) 675-5902 View (867) 675-5902
Photo of Joban Rai, Counsellor, BA, MCP, RCC
Joban Rai
Counsellor, BA, MCP, RCC
Verified Verified
Surrey, BC V3V
That there are things that bring you life and energy.
Starting your day feels like there's a storm and grey clouds hanging over you at all times. All you can think about is when this storm will end and when the grey clouds will leave. You're hoping that today doesn't feel as grey or chaotic, and that there's even one less gloomy and dark cloud above your head. You notice that it's not just that either, but all the what if's and the hopelessness that adds to the storm and allows it to get bigger. This has become your norm. Feeling light and happy, as if there was a clear sky above you with beautiful sunlight embracing you, feels like a pipe dream right now.
That there are things that bring you life and energy.
Starting your day feels like there's a storm and grey clouds hanging over you at all times. All you can think about is when this storm will end and when the grey clouds will leave. You're hoping that today doesn't feel as grey or chaotic, and that there's even one less gloomy and dark cloud above your head. You notice that it's not just that either, but all the what if's and the hopelessness that adds to the storm and allows it to get bigger. This has become your norm. Feeling light and happy, as if there was a clear sky above you with beautiful sunlight embracing you, feels like a pipe dream right now.
(548) 490-3702 View (548) 490-3702
Photo of Kristina Sohal, Counsellor, MA, RCC
Kristina Sohal
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
Surrey, BC V3T
I am certified in EMDR, Life Coaching, CBT, Critical Incident, Clinical Supervision, and many more.
Feeling stuck in emotional turmoil? Struggling with anxiety, depression, PTSD, or anger issues? I’m a highly experienced registered clinical counselor offering personalized mental health support. With over 15 years of experience, I use evidence-based approaches like CBT, EMDR, mindfulness, and solution-focused therapy to create tailored treatment plans. Together, we’ll break down barriers, build confidence, and foster lasting well-being. Take the first step toward a brighter future—contact me today for compassionate, professional guidance on your path to healing.
I am certified in EMDR, Life Coaching, CBT, Critical Incident, Clinical Supervision, and many more.
Feeling stuck in emotional turmoil? Struggling with anxiety, depression, PTSD, or anger issues? I’m a highly experienced registered clinical counselor offering personalized mental health support. With over 15 years of experience, I use evidence-based approaches like CBT, EMDR, mindfulness, and solution-focused therapy to create tailored treatment plans. Together, we’ll break down barriers, build confidence, and foster lasting well-being. Take the first step toward a brighter future—contact me today for compassionate, professional guidance on your path to healing.
(778) 488-5619 View (778) 488-5619
Photo of Nataliya Chorna, Counsellor, MACP, RCC
Nataliya Chorna
Counsellor, MACP, RCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3Z
Whatever you are struggling with, can be fixed and you will be able to live a productive and happy life.
My Treatment Focus: Depression, Anxiety, Worries, Stress Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Abuse, Bullying, Sleep disorders, Anger management, Alcohol use and abuse, Obsessive and Compulsive Disorders, Bipolar/Mood disorders, Personality spectrum disorders, Self-harm, Suicidal ideations, Low self-esteem and Finding Meaning in Life
Whatever you are struggling with, can be fixed and you will be able to live a productive and happy life.
My Treatment Focus: Depression, Anxiety, Worries, Stress Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Abuse, Bullying, Sleep disorders, Anger management, Alcohol use and abuse, Obsessive and Compulsive Disorders, Bipolar/Mood disorders, Personality spectrum disorders, Self-harm, Suicidal ideations, Low self-esteem and Finding Meaning in Life
(778) 654-6271 View (778) 654-6271
Photo of Vermonte Wong - Just Live Counselling Services, Counsellor, MC, RCC
Just Live Counselling Services
Counsellor, MC, RCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3W
"Committed and passionate about helping my clients navigate their journey in life" is my mission statement.
My office is an all inclusive and safe space for my clients and I care for the well being of all my clients using a collaborative and strength based approach. I often use a variety of approaches including ACT, CBT, DBT, EMDR, Mindfulness, and Play Therapy. In addition to working with children and youth, I also work vastly along with LGBTQ+, young adults, and adults whom present concerns of anxiety, depression, trauma, amid others.
"Committed and passionate about helping my clients navigate their journey in life" is my mission statement.
My office is an all inclusive and safe space for my clients and I care for the well being of all my clients using a collaborative and strength based approach. I often use a variety of approaches including ACT, CBT, DBT, EMDR, Mindfulness, and Play Therapy. In addition to working with children and youth, I also work vastly along with LGBTQ+, young adults, and adults whom present concerns of anxiety, depression, trauma, amid others.
(604) 260-0168 View (604) 260-0168
Photo of Shabnam Khan, Counsellor, RPC, MPCC
Shabnam Khan
Counsellor, RPC, MPCC
Verified Verified
Surrey, BC V4A
My Specialty: *Self - esteem * Assertive Communication * Grief * Anger Management * Effective Parenting * Relationship & Boundaries * Women's Support Groups * Workshops * Community Events * Life Transitions * Inspirational Writer.
My ideal client will be ready for a positive change - believing in themselves and their accomplishments! I believe in good conversations and building relationship through Trust, Respect and Confidentiality. Each and everyone of them are unique and they have their own stories to share in a Safe Space without being judged. There are many issues that can affect an individual - the goal is that they feel heard, as someone is listening to them without any biases. At times, people remain in denial as this service could be taboo for them. This can shift through awareness, education and advocacy. This is their very own precious journey ....
My Specialty: *Self - esteem * Assertive Communication * Grief * Anger Management * Effective Parenting * Relationship & Boundaries * Women's Support Groups * Workshops * Community Events * Life Transitions * Inspirational Writer.
My ideal client will be ready for a positive change - believing in themselves and their accomplishments! I believe in good conversations and building relationship through Trust, Respect and Confidentiality. Each and everyone of them are unique and they have their own stories to share in a Safe Space without being judged. There are many issues that can affect an individual - the goal is that they feel heard, as someone is listening to them without any biases. At times, people remain in denial as this service could be taboo for them. This can shift through awareness, education and advocacy. This is their very own precious journey ....
(604) 720-8095 View (604) 720-8095
Photo of Harpreet Kaur Kang, Counsellor, MA
Harpreet Kaur Kang
Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3S
" Life has many ways of testing a person's will, either by having nothing happen at all or by having everything happen all at once.
I offer person centered therapy and client focused therapy. I follow your lead in what it is you need and together we create a plan that suits you. I work with children, youth and individuals. I specialize in EMDR with children; helping children towards processing their feelings and to learn healthy ways to communicate and cope in a directive approach.
" Life has many ways of testing a person's will, either by having nothing happen at all or by having everything happen all at once.
I offer person centered therapy and client focused therapy. I follow your lead in what it is you need and together we create a plan that suits you. I work with children, youth and individuals. I specialize in EMDR with children; helping children towards processing their feelings and to learn healthy ways to communicate and cope in a directive approach.
(819) 414-0236 View (819) 414-0236

See more therapy options for Surrey

Life Coaching Counsellors

What can I expect from life coaching?

Clients and coaches will typically start by identifying the problem area(s) that the client hopes to address—then, the coach will help the client brainstorm potential solutions and explore concrete techniques to help the client attain their goals. Coaching is typically short-term and focused on finding solutions in the here and now, rather than exploring a client’s past. In addition to strategies aimed at the client’s specific concerns, coaches may encourage general stress management techniques such as meditation.

Can a life coach help treat anxiety?

Because the majority of life coaches are not licensed clinicians, they are not qualified to diagnose or treat anxiety. Anyone struggling with anxiety or another mental health condition should seek help from a licensed mental health practitioner. However, some coaching clients who struggle with subclinical anxiety report that working with their coach on other problems—such as career dissatisfaction or unhealthy habits—has a positive effect on their anxiety.

Can life coaching be done online?

Yes. While life coaching often happens in person, many coaches conduct sessions over the phone or via online platforms such as Zoom or Skype. Because life coaches are not subject to local licensing regulations in the same way that therapists are, they are able to see clients who live in other locations.

How long does life coaching last?

Life coaching tends to be a shorter-term process than therapy, though it does not always unfold over a specific period of time and is instead based on the coach’s or the client’s preferences. Coaching often takes place over three to 12 months but may be shorter or longer if necessary.