Emotionally Focused Therapists in Surrey, BC

Photo of Vijay S Mann - Mann Counselling & Consulting, Counsellor, BEd, MA, RCC
Mann Counselling & Consulting
Counsellor, BEd, MA, RCC
1 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V4N
Our journeys are not a straight line. Bends and breaks can challenge us and life can become tough. But therapy can help you navigate these journeys in a healthy way. You deserve to be healthy in all aspects and the opportunity to live to your fullest potential. I provide holistic, culturally-appropriate, and growth-oriented therapy for individuals, couples, families, and groups. I also provide services through ICBC, Crime Victims Assistance Program, and First Nations Health Authority. Approaches include EMDR, Psychedelic therapy, and other modalities. Let's connect.
Our journeys are not a straight line. Bends and breaks can challenge us and life can become tough. But therapy can help you navigate these journeys in a healthy way. You deserve to be healthy in all aspects and the opportunity to live to your fullest potential. I provide holistic, culturally-appropriate, and growth-oriented therapy for individuals, couples, families, and groups. I also provide services through ICBC, Crime Victims Assistance Program, and First Nations Health Authority. Approaches include EMDR, Psychedelic therapy, and other modalities. Let's connect.
(604) 670-2474 View (604) 670-2474
Photo of Annie Cousland - Annie Cousland Counselling & Consulting, Counsellor, MA, RCC
Annie Cousland Counselling & Consulting
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Surrey, BC V4A
I provide individual, couples, and family counselling using a variety of techniques, including person-centred therapy, emotionally focused therapy, and cognitive-behavioural therapy, among others.
Clarity. Understanding. Acceptance. These are all things we want for ourselves but, occasionally, the mirror of our mind becomes clouded and tarnished by anxiety, depression, trauma, and a variety of other life struggles. This can distort how we see ourselves, people around us, and the potential for our future. We can work together to shift your view, restore clarity and hope for the present, and bring new possibilities for a transformed future into focus.
I provide individual, couples, and family counselling using a variety of techniques, including person-centred therapy, emotionally focused therapy, and cognitive-behavioural therapy, among others.
Clarity. Understanding. Acceptance. These are all things we want for ourselves but, occasionally, the mirror of our mind becomes clouded and tarnished by anxiety, depression, trauma, and a variety of other life struggles. This can distort how we see ourselves, people around us, and the potential for our future. We can work together to shift your view, restore clarity and hope for the present, and bring new possibilities for a transformed future into focus.
(604) 265-6163 View (604) 265-6163
Photo of Ruth Patta - Dignity Counselling - Ruth Patta, Counsellor, MA, MFT
Dignity Counselling - Ruth Patta
Counsellor, MA, MFT
1 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3V
Ruth employs EFT ( Emotionally Focused Therapy) for Couples Counselling.
Ruth believes that people need to stay connected in meaningful and supportive relationships in order to effect change. Trained in systemic therapy, she works from the premise that when one member hurts, the whole system/family hurts. To this end, she walks alongside her clients and holds their hand as they collaboratively unravel hidden possibilities and opportunities inherent in their struggles, challenges and pain. A warm nonjudgmental and safe therapeutic space for clients to explore change and growth. Areas of specialization include: Trauma. Anxiety. Depression. Couples. Marriage. Family
Ruth employs EFT ( Emotionally Focused Therapy) for Couples Counselling.
Ruth believes that people need to stay connected in meaningful and supportive relationships in order to effect change. Trained in systemic therapy, she works from the premise that when one member hurts, the whole system/family hurts. To this end, she walks alongside her clients and holds their hand as they collaboratively unravel hidden possibilities and opportunities inherent in their struggles, challenges and pain. A warm nonjudgmental and safe therapeutic space for clients to explore change and growth. Areas of specialization include: Trauma. Anxiety. Depression. Couples. Marriage. Family
(778) 860-4557 View (778) 860-4557
Photo of Annu Gill - Annu Gill Counselling, Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, RCC-ACS
Annu Gill Counselling
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW, RCC-ACS
Surrey, BC V3X
I have worked as a therapist in healthcare for 25 years and began private practice in 2016. I am registered with both the British Columbia Association of Clinical Counsellors (RCC) and the British Columbia College of Social Workers (RSW). My work has included helping couples and individuals who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, interpersonal/family issues, difficulties due to change of life and grief and loss. We can work together to cultivate deeper understanding, experience growth and ultimately form stronger connections to yourself and others through transformative healing.
I have worked as a therapist in healthcare for 25 years and began private practice in 2016. I am registered with both the British Columbia Association of Clinical Counsellors (RCC) and the British Columbia College of Social Workers (RSW). My work has included helping couples and individuals who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, interpersonal/family issues, difficulties due to change of life and grief and loss. We can work together to cultivate deeper understanding, experience growth and ultimately form stronger connections to yourself and others through transformative healing.
(604) 245-8614 View (604) 245-8614
Photo of Jess Kaur Sohi, Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW
Jess Kaur Sohi
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling stuck in a cycle of low mood, avoidance, or numbness? Do you find yourself battling depression, anxiety, or the heavy toll of people-pleasing? Perhaps you’re yearning to rebuild your self-esteem or navigating a breakup. Healing is possible. As a trauma-trained therapist, I specialize in helping clients overcome these struggles and create a life they genuinely love. Using evidence-based techniques, we’ll work together to rewrite your story—one where you let go of pain, rediscover joy, embrace love, and gain a sense of clarity and purpose.
Are you feeling stuck in a cycle of low mood, avoidance, or numbness? Do you find yourself battling depression, anxiety, or the heavy toll of people-pleasing? Perhaps you’re yearning to rebuild your self-esteem or navigating a breakup. Healing is possible. As a trauma-trained therapist, I specialize in helping clients overcome these struggles and create a life they genuinely love. Using evidence-based techniques, we’ll work together to rewrite your story—one where you let go of pain, rediscover joy, embrace love, and gain a sense of clarity and purpose.
(902) 609-5220 View (902) 609-5220
Photo of Irene Yakovlev, Counsellor, RCC
Irene Yakovlev
Counsellor, RCC
1 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V4A
Sessions with me are collaborative and creative—we may use talk therapy, mindfulness, emotionally focused therapy or expressive tools like metaphor cards and sand/rice tray work to help you explore your experiences in a way that feels grounded, meaningful, and safe.
Are you feeling weighed down by depression, grief, or the lingering effects of painful family relationships? I offer a calm, grounding space where you can slow down, explore what’s happening beneath the surface, and begin to make sense of your experiences. I work with adults, seniors, and youth (16+) navigating relational wounds and attachment trauma.
Sessions with me are collaborative and creative—we may use talk therapy, mindfulness, emotionally focused therapy or expressive tools like metaphor cards and sand/rice tray work to help you explore your experiences in a way that feels grounded, meaningful, and safe.
Are you feeling weighed down by depression, grief, or the lingering effects of painful family relationships? I offer a calm, grounding space where you can slow down, explore what’s happening beneath the surface, and begin to make sense of your experiences. I work with adults, seniors, and youth (16+) navigating relational wounds and attachment trauma.
(249) 468-3454 View (249) 468-3454
Photo of Nikki Roy, Counsellor, MA, CCC
Nikki Roy
Counsellor, MA, CCC
Online Only
You might be doing everything right and still feel overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck in patterns you can’t quite explain. The truth is, our nervous systems hold onto the past, shaping how we relate, cope, and move through life. We’ll explore the deeper layers: the unconscious patterns formed early on, the ways your nervous system protects you, and how to move from coping to actually living. You’re not broken. Your reactions, shutdowns, overthinking, and people-pleasing all have a story. They were built from what you went through, and they’re your nervous system trying to keep you safe.
You might be doing everything right and still feel overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck in patterns you can’t quite explain. The truth is, our nervous systems hold onto the past, shaping how we relate, cope, and move through life. We’ll explore the deeper layers: the unconscious patterns formed early on, the ways your nervous system protects you, and how to move from coping to actually living. You’re not broken. Your reactions, shutdowns, overthinking, and people-pleasing all have a story. They were built from what you went through, and they’re your nervous system trying to keep you safe.
(604) 619-8332 View (604) 619-8332
Photo of Ashley Chand, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, BA
Ashley Chand
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, BA
9 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3S
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, challenging relationships, or a loss of self that affects your daily life and relationships? Do you feel overwhelmed, lost, frustrated, exhausted by life expectations, living up to someone else’s standards, or thinking there’s no light at the end of the tunnel? Do you wonder if life should feel easier, better, or happier? Pushing away your needs and not taking time for yourself can lead to cognitive and emotional difficulties. It shouldn’t be so hard to live a better life. Together, we can take the time to recognize your unique experiences and work through what is holding you back.
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, challenging relationships, or a loss of self that affects your daily life and relationships? Do you feel overwhelmed, lost, frustrated, exhausted by life expectations, living up to someone else’s standards, or thinking there’s no light at the end of the tunnel? Do you wonder if life should feel easier, better, or happier? Pushing away your needs and not taking time for yourself can lead to cognitive and emotional difficulties. It shouldn’t be so hard to live a better life. Together, we can take the time to recognize your unique experiences and work through what is holding you back.
(365) 601-8553 View (365) 601-8553
Photo of Ranji Kaur Heer, Counsellor, RTC, ACCT, BA Psyc, student
Ranji Kaur Heer
Counsellor, RTC, ACCT, BA Psyc, student
3 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3S
Everyone has a story. Our lived stories/experiences can shape our lives in a multitude of ways. Have you ever been curious how some people just have it so easy/or so difficult? Encouraging curiosity and seeing through a lens of love and compassion for yourself is where it all begins. Living with an awareness of how we process, interact and show up in our day to day lives, starts to lead us to our purpose. Imagine yourself living your most authentic life. What an incredible gift you give yourself when you live from your truest expression. This process is about you; and how you can begin to live with loving compassion.
Everyone has a story. Our lived stories/experiences can shape our lives in a multitude of ways. Have you ever been curious how some people just have it so easy/or so difficult? Encouraging curiosity and seeing through a lens of love and compassion for yourself is where it all begins. Living with an awareness of how we process, interact and show up in our day to day lives, starts to lead us to our purpose. Imagine yourself living your most authentic life. What an incredible gift you give yourself when you live from your truest expression. This process is about you; and how you can begin to live with loving compassion.
(438) 793-3947 x604961 View (438) 793-3947 x604961
Photo of Merel Scheepens, Counsellor, MA, RCC, LMHCA
Merel Scheepens
Counsellor, MA, RCC, LMHCA
Surrey, BC V3S
If you want to find your own life back, I would love to be your guide. I specialize in PTSD, Complex Trauma, anxiety, and life transitions. Are you tired of having your fears or trauma triggers run your life? I am trustworthy. I work with the newest trauma therapy modalities. Are you a professional or caregiver who would like to improve your quality of life and reduce the effects of vicarious trauma? I am certified in level 2 of Complex Trauma Certification Training (CCPT-2). I aim to be culturally informed, strength-based, and collaborative.
If you want to find your own life back, I would love to be your guide. I specialize in PTSD, Complex Trauma, anxiety, and life transitions. Are you tired of having your fears or trauma triggers run your life? I am trustworthy. I work with the newest trauma therapy modalities. Are you a professional or caregiver who would like to improve your quality of life and reduce the effects of vicarious trauma? I am certified in level 2 of Complex Trauma Certification Training (CCPT-2). I aim to be culturally informed, strength-based, and collaborative.
(226) 400-4847 View (226) 400-4847
Photo of Avneer Dhillon, Counsellor, RCC, MACP, BA
Avneer Dhillon
Counsellor, RCC, MACP, BA
2 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3Z
I will often lead in an Emotionally Focused path while highlighting other approaches such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Somatic Therapy to ensure we are connecting with our mental, emotional, and physical space.
We are all travelling through life, finding and losing track of ourselves. there comes a time where we may feel unaligned and stuck with our current path. Bringing awareness to our path allows a moment to recenter ourselves to understand where we’d like to go next.
I will often lead in an Emotionally Focused path while highlighting other approaches such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Somatic Therapy to ensure we are connecting with our mental, emotional, and physical space.
We are all travelling through life, finding and losing track of ourselves. there comes a time where we may feel unaligned and stuck with our current path. Bringing awareness to our path allows a moment to recenter ourselves to understand where we’d like to go next.
(873) 300-3275 View (873) 300-3275
Photo of Laura Proctor, Counsellor, Laura Proctor, MA, RCC
Laura Proctor
Counsellor, Laura Proctor, MA, RCC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Looking to quiet that internal critic and build confidence? I provide online counselling for individuals and couples 19+ , specializing in depression, anxiety, self‑esteem and communication. If you’re feeling stuck in patterns of self-doubt and low self-esteem, you’re not alone — and you don’t have to navigate it by yourself. Together, we’ll explore what is no longer serving you and build new ways of relating — to yourself, your emotions, and others. Many clients I work with have shared that they begin to feel more self-accepting, emotionally regulated, and confident in their choices.
Looking to quiet that internal critic and build confidence? I provide online counselling for individuals and couples 19+ , specializing in depression, anxiety, self‑esteem and communication. If you’re feeling stuck in patterns of self-doubt and low self-esteem, you’re not alone — and you don’t have to navigate it by yourself. Together, we’ll explore what is no longer serving you and build new ways of relating — to yourself, your emotions, and others. Many clients I work with have shared that they begin to feel more self-accepting, emotionally regulated, and confident in their choices.
(604) 210-4207 View (604) 210-4207
Photo of Trevor Olson, Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Trevor Olson
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Surrey, BC V4A
I try to help individuals find their inner worth and strengths. I believe that people can continue to learn, grow and change. It is important for you to feel comfortable with the therapist you decide to see. One of the things that I value the most within therapy is the importance of building an honest and genuine relationship. I try to meet people where they are at and offer services from a strengths-based and positive approach.
I try to help individuals find their inner worth and strengths. I believe that people can continue to learn, grow and change. It is important for you to feel comfortable with the therapist you decide to see. One of the things that I value the most within therapy is the importance of building an honest and genuine relationship. I try to meet people where they are at and offer services from a strengths-based and positive approach.
(778) 828-0853 View (778) 828-0853
Photo of Zafreen Idoo - Iolite Wellness, Registered Social Worker, RSW, MA
Iolite Wellness
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MA
1 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3S
Anxiety can be challenging to live with. Having a negative experience in life which may include separation, grief, loss, infidelity or an experience in the past can sometimes impact our wellbeing. We may find ourselves under stress and feeling exhausted with overwhelming emotions. Our family life and work life may be burning us out. I provide a safe environment for you to be yourself without judgement and for me to support your personalized goals for counselling. You may require an ear to listen, someone to problem solve with, or to explore why you may say or behave how you do. I use skills and training to support your needs.
Anxiety can be challenging to live with. Having a negative experience in life which may include separation, grief, loss, infidelity or an experience in the past can sometimes impact our wellbeing. We may find ourselves under stress and feeling exhausted with overwhelming emotions. Our family life and work life may be burning us out. I provide a safe environment for you to be yourself without judgement and for me to support your personalized goals for counselling. You may require an ear to listen, someone to problem solve with, or to explore why you may say or behave how you do. I use skills and training to support your needs.
(778) 720-5277 View (778) 720-5277
Photo of Jordan Penner - Jordan Penner MA RCC, Counsellor, MA, RCC
Jordan Penner MA RCC
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Surrey, BC V4N
Drawing upon a diverse range of therapeutic approaches and techniques, Jordan offers skills and tools using: Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Emotionally Focused Therapy ( EFT) Narrative Therapy Solution-focused Therapy Family Systems High Conflict Co-Parenting and Child Reunification EMDR
Jordan Penner is a Registered Clinical Counsellor working with individuals and families to develop solutions that create lasting change. Jordan has over two decades of experience working with families and individuals to overcome mental health issues. Specializing in Relationships, Interpersonal, Mental Health, Divorce, and High Conflict Co-Parenting Counselling – Jordan will work with you to develop strategies to reach your goals, build healthier relationships, and develop a deeper understanding of yourself.
Drawing upon a diverse range of therapeutic approaches and techniques, Jordan offers skills and tools using: Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Emotionally Focused Therapy ( EFT) Narrative Therapy Solution-focused Therapy Family Systems High Conflict Co-Parenting and Child Reunification EMDR
Jordan Penner is a Registered Clinical Counsellor working with individuals and families to develop solutions that create lasting change. Jordan has over two decades of experience working with families and individuals to overcome mental health issues. Specializing in Relationships, Interpersonal, Mental Health, Divorce, and High Conflict Co-Parenting Counselling – Jordan will work with you to develop strategies to reach your goals, build healthier relationships, and develop a deeper understanding of yourself.
(782) 820-5575 View (782) 820-5575
Photo of Aliya Senghera, Counsellor, RCC
Aliya Senghera
Counsellor, RCC
2 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3W
Rooted in relationship, empathy, and compassion, I draw from IFS, EFT, Narrative, and Attachment-Based approaches to walk alongside clients, exploring parts that need attention and curiosity.
Do you feel stuck or misunderstood, as if the weight of internal or external expectations are keeping you from being your authentic self? Are you seeking a space where your story, emotions, and identity are honoured, and where you can explore who you truly are beyond performance, judgment, or past experiences? For the past decade, I've had the privilege of supporting youth, families, and athletes on their healing journeys through a relationship-centred approach to wellness. As a South Asian woman, I understand how uncertain starting therapy can feel and I offer a culturally responsive space rooted in empathy and care.
Rooted in relationship, empathy, and compassion, I draw from IFS, EFT, Narrative, and Attachment-Based approaches to walk alongside clients, exploring parts that need attention and curiosity.
Do you feel stuck or misunderstood, as if the weight of internal or external expectations are keeping you from being your authentic self? Are you seeking a space where your story, emotions, and identity are honoured, and where you can explore who you truly are beyond performance, judgment, or past experiences? For the past decade, I've had the privilege of supporting youth, families, and athletes on their healing journeys through a relationship-centred approach to wellness. As a South Asian woman, I understand how uncertain starting therapy can feel and I offer a culturally responsive space rooted in empathy and care.
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Photo of Gurjit Mather, Counsellor, RPC, MTC, CHT
Gurjit Mather
Counsellor, RPC, MTC, CHT
1 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3W
I am a Registered Professional Counsellor, a Master Therapeutic Counsellor and Certified Hypnotherapist with nearly 15 years of experience helping people heal and develop resilience to meet life’s challenges. My approach is holistic, integrating the mind-body-soul connection to support deep and lasting healing. I am passionate about creating a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your experiences, process your emotions, and reclaim your power as you learn to listen to, and trust, yourself and your own intuition.
I am a Registered Professional Counsellor, a Master Therapeutic Counsellor and Certified Hypnotherapist with nearly 15 years of experience helping people heal and develop resilience to meet life’s challenges. My approach is holistic, integrating the mind-body-soul connection to support deep and lasting healing. I am passionate about creating a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your experiences, process your emotions, and reclaim your power as you learn to listen to, and trust, yourself and your own intuition.
(506) 496-4092 View (506) 496-4092
Photo of Elise Robinson - Elise Robinson, Counsellor, MC, RCC
Elise Robinson
Counsellor, MC, RCC
4 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3Z
I integrate Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Somatic Therapy, Emotion-Focused Therapy ( EFT), Solution-focused Therapy, and Attachment-based Therapy to support meaningful, lasting change.
Together, we’ll explore patterns shaped by your experiences while building practical tools to help you feel more grounded and confident. I specialize in anxiety therapy, working through past trauma, and supporting clients during significant life transitions. I also support individuals navigating adoption-related issues and identity development.
I integrate Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Somatic Therapy, Emotion-Focused Therapy ( EFT), Solution-focused Therapy, and Attachment-based Therapy to support meaningful, lasting change.
Together, we’ll explore patterns shaped by your experiences while building practical tools to help you feel more grounded and confident. I specialize in anxiety therapy, working through past trauma, and supporting clients during significant life transitions. I also support individuals navigating adoption-related issues and identity development.
(778) 924-9820 View (778) 924-9820
Photo of Elaine Zbitniff - Hope in Connection Counselling, Counsellor, BN, MA, RCC, CCC
Hope in Connection Counselling
Counsellor, BN, MA, RCC, CCC
2 Endorsed
Surrey, BC V3Z
At times life can be difficult and challenging to navigate on our own. You don't have to face these challenges all alone. My counselling approach is relational, and reflective. I strive to provide a safe, non-judgemental , and validating space for clients to focus on personal growth. As a former RN I work with clients who are dealing with health issues, relationship stressors, and who have experienced traumatic events in their life. I work with adults both individually or as a couple.
At times life can be difficult and challenging to navigate on our own. You don't have to face these challenges all alone. My counselling approach is relational, and reflective. I strive to provide a safe, non-judgemental , and validating space for clients to focus on personal growth. As a former RN I work with clients who are dealing with health issues, relationship stressors, and who have experienced traumatic events in their life. I work with adults both individually or as a couple.
(778) 655-8853 View (778) 655-8853
Photo of Dr. Dawn Johnston, Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Dr. Dawn Johnston
Psychologist, PhD, RPsych
Surrey, BC V4A
I am a registered psychologist with over 20 years of experience providing clinical therapy for youth, individuals and couples. I can help you recognize and employ your personal strengths, particularly in times of struggle when you may have difficulty being able to do so on your own. I have worked in diverse university and mental health settings and an integrated health and rehab centre for workers and first responders who have experienced physical injury and emotional trauma on the job. I have also supported women through pregnancy, pregnancy and infant loss, postpartum depression and anxiety, and the transition to motherhood.
I am a registered psychologist with over 20 years of experience providing clinical therapy for youth, individuals and couples. I can help you recognize and employ your personal strengths, particularly in times of struggle when you may have difficulty being able to do so on your own. I have worked in diverse university and mental health settings and an integrated health and rehab centre for workers and first responders who have experienced physical injury and emotional trauma on the job. I have also supported women through pregnancy, pregnancy and infant loss, postpartum depression and anxiety, and the transition to motherhood.
(867) 675-2724 View (867) 675-2724

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Emotionally Focused Counsellors
Who is emotionally focused therapy for?
Emotionally focused therapy (EFT) is for couples who are emotionally distressed, stuck in an unsatisfying relationship pattern or feeling deeply alienated. They may even believe the relationship is beyond repair. Very often, the partners display intense anger, fear, grief, loss of trust, or a sense of betrayal in the relationship. In addition, EFT is helpful to couples and individuals who have difficulty expressing emotions and those who have trouble regulating emotions.

Why do people need emotionally focused therapy?
People need emotionally focused therapy because the need for others is built into the brain, but the pressures of daily life can erode feelings of love, and couples often do not have the skills to find their way back to the comfort of each other. Instead, they may be stuck in repetitive patterns of anger, fear, grief, loss of trust, or a sense of betrayal. Emotionally focused therapy regards such strong negative feelings as expressions of protest over the loss of connection and turns them into pathways of reconnection.

What happens in emotionally focused therapy?
Over the course of eight to 20 weekly sessions, couples de-escalate their negative emotional reactivity to one another so that they can listen to each other and be responsive to each other’s needs. Then the deep emotional and physical bond is restored, giving partners a sense of comfort and security, which they can use to solve whatever problems come their way. The therapist plays an active role, helping partners understand how anger and withdrawal are actually misguided cries for connection.

What problems does emotionally focused therapy treat?
EFT is designed to help couples stuck in dysfunctional relationship patterns regain closeness and rebuild their relationship. Typically, such couples experience considerable distress, with partners feeling alienated and distrustful of one another, not certain their relationship can survive. EFT is also helpful to individuals experiencing attachment-related fears of loss; it helps them learn to use their fears as a way of eliciting the closeness they desire.